[Application of carbon nanoparticles in the laparoscopic sentinel lymph node detection in patients with cervical cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of laparoscopic sentinel lymph node(SLN) detection with carbon nanoparticles tracer in cervical carcinoma. METHODS: Totally 21 patients with confirmed early cervical cancer were enrolled in this study.Before laparoscopic extended hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenoetomy(and para-aortic lymphadenoectomy) , they were injected with carbon nanoparticles suspension injection tracer from cervical neck before surgery. The black-staining lymph nodes were cut as SLN under the laparoscope for routine pathological examination. RESULTS: Of these 21 patients, at least one SLN was successfully detected in 20 patients(95.24%) , and a total of 158 SLNs were detected.The conventional pathology results suggested that 5 patients(23.81%) had positive lymph nodes(n=16, including 14 in 4 patients) . The new approach showed a sensitivity of 80.0%(4/5) , accuracy of 100.0%(20/20) , and negative predictive value of 100.0%(16/16) for SLN detection. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic SLN detection with carbon nanoparticles tracer is a relative safe and sensitive method for in cervical carcinoma.

Meta-analysis of laparoscopic versus open resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) remains to be established as a safe and effective alternative to open liver resection (OLR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AIMS: The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare laparoscopic versus open resection for HCC with regard to perioperative and oncologic outcomes. METHODS: A literature search was performed to identify comparative studies reporting outcomes for both laparoscopic and open resection for HCC. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and weighted mean differences (WMD with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using either the fixed effects model or random effects model. RESULTS: Ten nonrandomized controlled studies matched the selection criteria and reported on 494 subjects, of whom 213 underwent LLR and 281 underwent OLR for HCC. Compared with the perioperative results of open surgery, reports on laparoscopic resection indicate potentially favourable outcomes in terms of operative blood loss (WMD: -160.57, 95% CI: -246.49 to -74.66), blood transfusion requirement (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.86), postoperative morbidity (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.78), and length of hospital stay (WMD: -5.53, 95% CI: -7.89 to -3.16). Concerning the oncologic outcomes, there was no difference between groups in surgical margin, overall survival and disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: LLR for HCC is superior to the OLR in terms of its perioperative results and does not compromise the oncological outcomes. Therefore, LLR may be an alternative choice for treatment of HCC.

[Perioperative monitoring and control of hyperglycemia during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the trend of change in perioperative blood glucose level in patients undergoing deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA), in order to evaluate the influencing factors of inciting hyperglycemia and the clinical effects of insulin control. METHODS: In the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Changhai Hospital, 176 patients underwent aortic operation under DHCA from January 2000 to January 2010. Blood glucose, arterial blood gas and lactate levels were determined at four time points, including pre-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), pre-DHCA, post-DHCA, and at admission to intensive care unit (ICU). Hyperglycemia after surgery was controlled at the level of 6-8 mmol/L by intermittent subcutaneous injection or intravenous micropump injection of insulin. At the same time, the cumulative amount of insulin within 24 hours after surgery was recorded. RESULTS: The blood glucose (mmol/L) level at pre-DHCA time point was significantly higher than that of pre-CPB (9.62 ± 1.79 vs. 5.04 ± 1.401,P<0.05), and the blood glucose level was further elevated at the time point of post-DHCA (14.91 ± 2.36,P<0.01) and in-ICU (15.32 ± 2.47) compared with that of pre-CPB (P<0.01). The level of blood glucose elevation was positively correlated with blood lactate level. One hundred and thirty-four patients (76.1%) insulin was given with intravenous micropump due to poor effect of intermittent subcutaneous injection of insulin in controlling blood glucose. Among whom 30 patients (17.0%) developed the phenomenon of insulin resistance. Perioperative hyperglycemia during DHCA was associated with old age (≥ 50 years old), primary hypertension, serious aortic valve disease, diabetes or coronary heart disease, emergency operation, CPB time ≥ 3 hours and DHCA time ≥ 45 minutes. The cumulative amount of insulin within 24 hours after surgery was increased significantly. The results of blood glucose (mmol/L) in-ICU were as follows : age ≥ 50 years old or < 50 years old (18.66 ± 2.52 vs. 12.90 ± 2.27); hypertension with and without (18.98 ± 2.55 vs. 12.31 ± 2.34); serious aortic valve disease with and without (19.59 ± 2.95 vs. 12.13 ± 2.23); diabetes with and without (20.62 ± 1.76 vs. 11.75 ± 1.11); coronary heart disease with and without (19.77 ± 2.98 vs. 12.01 ± 2.02); emergency operation with and without (19.78 ± 1.97 vs. 12.23 ± 1.38); CPB time ≥ 3 hours or < 3 hours (19.86 ± 1.89 vs. 11.70 ± 1.15); DHCA time ≥ 45 minutes or < 45 minutes (19.92 ± 1.88 vs. 11.64 ± 1.12), and all of them should statistical difference (all P < 0.05). The cumulative amount of insulin (U) within 24 hours after surgery was as follows: age ≥ 50 years old or < 50 years old (169.5 ± 56.6 vs. 110.2 ± 38.5); hypertension with and without (171.6 ± 64.0 vs. 104.8 ± 34.3); aortic valve disease with and without (171.4 ± 36.8 vs. 109.4 ± 27.6); diabetes with and without (202.5 ± 46.7 vs. 100.4 ± 31.5); coronary heart disease with and without (178.5 ± 38.6 vs. 104.6 ± 26.4 ); emergency operation with and without (178.3 ± 35.7 vs. 102.7 ± 26.8); CPB time ≥ 3 hours or < 3 hours (168.6 ± 37.2 vs. 107.3 ± 27.5); DHCA time ≥ 45 minutes or < 45 minutes (172.5 ± 36.1 vs. 105.4 ± 28.7), and all of them showed significant statistical difference (all P < 0.05). and all of them showed significant statistical difference (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: DHCA may cause significant increase in perioperative blood glucose and lactate, and even may lead to insulin resistance. Patients often require continuous intravenous administration of large doses of insulin. Perioperative hyperglycemia during DHCA is related to many factors, which should be considered in control of blood glucose.

Clinical features related to lymphatic metastasis in grade 3 endometroid endometrial cancer: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer (EC) has been one of the most general cancers with respect to gynecological malignancies; however, there are debates on clinical strategies concerning treatments especially for patients with grade 3 (G3) endometroid endometrial cancer (EEC). Present study aimed to evaluate the lymphatic metastasis (LM) related factors and figure out the necessity of lymphadenectomy for G3 EEC patients. METHODS: From January 2009 to April 2019, 3751 EC patients were admitted to Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. Clinical characteristics include age, grade, stage, and clinical pathological features. A total of 1235 EEC patients were involved in the multivariable analysis. Three hundred and eighty-one patients were involved in the survival analysis and the data attributed to sufficient follow-up information. Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test were utilized to analyze the survival rate. RESULTS: Among the 1235 EEC patients, 181 (14.7%) were categorized as G3 and 1054 (85.3%) were grade 1 to grade 2 (G1-2). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that lymphovascular space invasion, adnexal involvement, and cervical stroma involvement were independent risk factors of LM in G3 cohort with odds ratio 3.4, 5.8, and 8.9; 95% confidence interval 1.1-10.6, 1.5-22.4, and 2.8-28.0, respectively. LM rates increased from 3.3% (3/92) to 75% (9/12) for G3 EEC cohort as related factor numbers increased from one to three. There were no differences between G3 and G1-2 EEC in overall survival and progression free survival. Additionally, no survival advantage was observed for G3 EEC patients at early stage with different plans of adjuvant treatment. CONCLUSIONS: For G3 EEC patients without other pathological positive factor, the LM rate is lower than those with other pathological positive factor. Survival analysis showed no difference between G3 cohort and G1-2 cohort. Also, different adjuvant treatments had no impact on the overall survival for G3 EEC patients.

Adverse factors responsible for below-normal platelet count after laparoscopic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Splenectomy is regarded as an effective curative treatment for thrombocytopenia caused by hypersplenism in patients with cirrhosis. However, in clinical practice, thrombocytopenia is not resolved by splenectomy in all patients. This study aimed to evaluate the adverse factors responsible for platelet (PLT) counts below the normal lower limit following laparoscopic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection (LSD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of 123 cirrhotic patients with portal hypertensive bleeding and secondary hypersplenism, who underwent LSD and who had PLT counts <125×109/L (non-normal group) or >125×109/L (normal group) at the postoperative month (POM) 3, between April 2014 and March 2017. RESULTS: Sixteen patients (13.01%) had PLT counts <125×109/L at POM 3 after LSD, while the remaining 107 patients had normal counts. We analyzed 25 perioperative variables in both groups. A logistic multivariate regression identified age (relative risk [RR] 1.082, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.018-1.150) and longitudinal spleen diameter (RR 0.977, 95% CI 0.955-1.000) as significant independent factors for the PLT count <125×109/L at POM 3. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that age >50 years and longitudinal spleen diameter <160 mm were threshold values for an increased risk of the PLT count <125×109/L at POM 3 after LSD. CONCLUSION: Age was an independent positive predictor and longitudinal spleen diameter an independent negative predictor of PLT count <125×109/L at POM 3 after LSD.

Risk factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a case-control study in China.

AIM: To carry out a hospital-based case-control study to investigate risk factors for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) in China. METHODS: A total of 312 ICC cases and 438 matched controls were included in the study. The presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hepatolithiasis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, liver fluke infection (Clonorchis sinensis), was investigated through clinical records. Blood from all participants was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Compared with controls, ICC patients had a higher prevalence of HBsAg seropositivity (48.4% vs 9.6%, P<0.000), and hepatolithiasis (5.4% vs 1.1%, P=0.001). By multivariate analysis, the significant risk factors for development of ICC were HBsAg seropositivity (adjusted OR, 8.876, 95% CI, 5.973-13.192), and hepatolithiasis (adjusted OR, 5.765, 95% CI, 1.972-16.851). The prevalence of anti-HCV seropositivity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption were not significantly different between cases and controls. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that HBV infection and hepatolithiasis are strong risk factors for development of ICC in China.

Phenethyl isothiocyanate suppresses the metastasis of ovarian cancer associated with the inhibition of CRM1-mediated nuclear export and mTOR-STAT3 pathway.

Epithelial ovarian cancer is prone to metastasizing at an early stage, but their mechanisms remain unclear. CRM1 is an important nuclear exportin and inhibitors targeting CRM1 has been explored as an anti-cancer strategy. In previous study, we observed that PEITC could combine with the hydrophobic pocket of CRM1. In this study, we focused on the effects of PEITC on EOC and its mechanisms. Results showed that IC50 values of PEITC on SKOV3 and HO8910 cell line were 42.14 µM and 37.29 µM, respectively. PEITC inhibits the migration and invasion of SKOV3 and HO8910 cells in vitro. Oral administration of 10 µmol PEITC suppressed the metastasis of EOC in a xenograft mouse model in vivo. PEITC treatment decreased the expressions of CRM1 and mTOR (cargo protein of CRM1) in EOC cell lines and in xenograft mouse tissues. Moreover, CRM1-mediated nuclear export was attenuated by PEITC, mTOR accumulated in nucleus, expressions of mTORS2448 and downstream effectors STAT3S727, MMP2 and MMP9 were decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed that CRM1 and mTOR were increased in EOC tissues compared with benign ovarian tumors, and related with advanced stage, type II EOC, positive peritoneal cytology and decreased overall survival. In addition, CRM1 was positively correlated with mTOR levels. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that PEITC suppresses the metastasis of EOC through inhibiting CRM1-mediated nuclear export, subsequently suppressing the mTOR-STAT3 pathway. Both CRM1 and mTOR were increased in EOC patients, providing a rationale for further clinical investigation of PEITC in EOC treatment.

Complete mitochondrial genome sequence and mutations of the liver cancer model inbred C57BL/6 mice strain.

In the present work, we undertook the complete mitochondrial genome sequencing of an important liver cancer model inbred rat strain for the first time. The total length of the mitogenome was 16,308 bp. It harbored 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 1 non-coding control region (D-loop region). The mutation events were also reported.