Suppression of Enhancer Overactivation by a RACK7-Histone Demethylase Complex.

Regulation of enhancer activity is important for controlling gene expression programs. Here, we report that a biochemical complex containing a potential chromatin reader, RACK7, and the histone lysine 4 tri-methyl (H3K4me3)-specific demethylase KDM5C occupies many active enhancers, including almost all super-enhancers. Loss of RACK7 or KDM5C results in overactivation of enhancers, characterized by the deposition of H3K4me3 and H3K27Ac, together with increased transcription of eRNAs and nearby genes. Furthermore, loss of RACK7 or KDM5C leads to de-repression of S100A oncogenes and various cancer-related phenotypes. Our findings reveal a RACK7/KDM5C-regulated, dynamic interchange between histone H3K4me1 and H3K4me3 at active enhancers, representing an additional layer of regulation of enhancer activity. We propose that RACK7/KDM5C functions as an enhancer "brake" to ensure appropriate enhancer activity, which, when compromised, could contribute to tumorigenesis.

Deubiquitinase USP20 promotes breast cancer metastasis by stabilizing SNAI2.

SNAI2/SLUG, a metastasis-promoting transcription factor, is a labile protein that is degraded through the ubiquitin proteasome degradation system. Here, we conducted comprehensive gain- and loss-of-function screens using a human DUB cDNA library of 65 genes and an siRNA library of 98 genes, and identified USP20 as a deubiquitinase (DUB) that regulates SNAI2 ubiquitination and stability. Further investigation of USP20 demonstrated its function in promoting migration, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer. USP20 positively correlates with SNAI2 protein level in breast tumor samples, and higher USP20 expression is associated with poor prognosis in ER- breast cancer patients.

The HLA-I landscape confers prognosis and antitumor immunity in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease with varied subtypes, prognoses and therapeutic responsiveness. Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) shapes the immunity and thereby influences the outcome of breast cancer. However, the implications of HLA-I variations in breast cancer remain poorly understood. In this study, we established a multiomics cohort of 1156 Chinese breast cancer patients for HLA-I investigation. We calculated four important HLA-I indicators in each individual, including HLA-I expression level, somatic HLA-I loss of heterozygosity (LOH), HLA-I evolutionary divergence (HED) and peptide-binding promiscuity (Pr). Then, we evaluated their distribution and prognostic significance in breast cancer subtypes. We found that the four breast cancer subtypes had distinct features of HLA-I indicators. Increased expression of HLA-I and LOH were enriched in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), while Pr was relatively higher in hot tumors within TNBCs. In particular, a higher Pr indicated a better prognosis in TNBCs by regulating the infiltration of immune cells and the expression of immune molecules. Using the matched genomic and transcriptomic data, we found that mismatch repair deficiency-related mutational signature and pathways were enriched in low-Pr TNBCs, suggesting that targeting mismatch repair deficiency for synthetic lethality might be promising therapy for these patients. In conclusion, we presented an overview of HLA-I indicators in breast cancer and provided hints for precision treatment for low-Pr TNBCs.

Superenhancer drives a tumor-specific splicing variant of MARCO to promote triple-negative breast cancer progression.

The transcription variation, leading to various forms of transcripts and protein diversity, remains largely unexplored in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Here, we presented a comprehensive analysis of RNA splicing in breast cancer to illustrate the biological function and clinical implications of tumor-specific transcripts (TSTs) arising from these splicing junctions. Aberrant RNA splicing or TSTs were frequently harbored in TNBC and were correlated with a poor outcome. We discovered a tumor-specific splicing variant of macrophage receptor with collagenous structure-TST (MARCO-TST), which was distinguished from myeloid cell-specific wild-type MARCO. MARCO-TST expression was associated with poor outcomes in TNBC patients and could promote tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, MARCO-TST interacted with PLOD2 and enhanced the stability of HIF-1α, which resulted in the metabolic dysregulation of TNBC to form a hypoxic tumor microenvironment. MARCO-TST was initiated from a de novo alternative transcription initiation site that was activated by a superenhancer. Tumors with MARCO-TST expression conferred greater sensitivity to bromodomain and extraterminal protein inhibitors. This treatment strategy was further validated in patient-derived organoids. In conclusion, our results revealed the transcription variation landscape of TNBC, highlighting MARCO-TST as a crucial oncogenic transcript and therapeutic target.

Optimising first-line subtyping-based therapy in triple-negative breast cancer (FUTURE-SUPER): a multi-cohort, randomised, phase 2 trial.

BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancers display heterogeneity in molecular drivers and immune traits. We previously classified triple-negative breast cancers into four subtypes: luminal androgen receptor (LAR), immunomodulatory, basal-like immune-suppressed (BLIS), and mesenchymal-like (MES). Here, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of subtyping-based therapy in the first-line treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. METHODS: FUTURE-SUPER is an ongoing, open-label, randomised, controlled phase 2 trial being conducted at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC), Shanghai, China. Eligible participants were females aged 18-70 years, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1, and histologically confirmed, untreated metastatic or recurrent triple-negative breast cancer. After categorising participants into five cohorts according to molecular subtype and genomic biomarkers, participants were randomly assigned (1:1) with a block size of 4, stratified by subtype, to receive, in 28-day cycles, nab-paclitaxel (100 mg/m2, intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15) alone (control group) or with a subtyping-based regimen (subtyping-based group): pyrotinib (400 mg orally daily) for the LAR-HER2mut subtype, everolimus (10 mg orally daily) for the LAR-PI3K/AKTmut and MES-PI3K/AKTmut subtypes, camrelizumab (200 mg intravenously on days 1 and 15) and famitinib (20 mg orally daily) for the immunomodulatory subtype, and bevacizumab (10 mg/kg intravenously on days 1 and 15) for the BLIS/MES-PI3K/AKTWT subtype. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival for the pooled subtyping-based group versus the control group in the intention-to-treat population (all randomly assigned participants). Safety was analysed in all patients with safety records who received at least one dose of study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04395989). FINDINGS: Between July 28, 2020, and Oct 16, 2022, 139 female participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to the subtyping-based group (n=69) or control group (n=70). At the data cutoff (May 31, 2023), the median follow-up was 22·5 months (IQR 15·2-29·0). Median progression-free survival was significantly longer in the pooled subtyping-based group (11·3 months [95% CI 8·6-15·2]) than in the control group (5·8 months [4·0-6·7]; hazard ratio 0·44 [95% CI 0·30-0·65]; p<0·0001). The most common grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events were neutropenia (21 [30%] of 69 in the pooled subtyping-based group vs 16 [23%] of 70 in the control group), anaemia (five [7%] vs none), and increased alanine aminotransferase (four [6%] vs one [1%]). Treatment-related serious adverse events were reported for seven (10%) of 69 patients in the subtyping-based group and none in the control group. No treatment-related deaths were reported in either group. INTERPRETATION: These findings highlight the potential clinical benefits of using molecular subtype-based treatment optimisation in patients with triple-negative breast cancer, suggesting a path for further clinical investigation. Phase 3 randomised clinical trials assessing the efficacy of subtyping-based regimens are now underway. FUNDING: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, Shanghai Hospital Development Center, and Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals. TRANSLATION: For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

HER2-low heterogeneity between primary and paired recurrent/metastatic breast cancer: Implications in treatment and prognosis.

BACKGROUND: With the largest sample size to date, the authors' objective was to investigate the incidence of primary-to-metastatic human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) conversion and the predictors for such conversion. Moreover, no previous studies have evaluated the prognosis of patients who have negative HER2 expression (HER2-0) versus low HER2 expression (HER2-low) when HER2 status was assessed based on all recurrent/metastatic lesions. METHODS: The authors included 1299 patients who had available HER2 status of primary breast tumors and paired recurrent/metastatic lesions at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and West China Hospital. RESULTS: In total, 370 patients (28.5%) experienced primary-to-metastatic HER2 conversion. Intrapatient intermetastasis spatial heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity of HER2 were detected. When assessing HER2 based on recurrent/metastatic tumors, patients who had HER2-0 tumors had significantly shorter overall survival than those who had HER2-low tumors in the overall population and in the estrogen receptor (ER)-negative subgroup. However, when assessing HER2 based on primary tumors, there was no difference in overall survival between patients who had HER2-0 versus HER2-low tumors. Moreover, patients who had tumors that converted from HER2-0 to HER2-low had longer overall survival than those who had consistent HER2-0 status in the ER-negative subgroup. By combining four predictors (ER status, Ki67 index, biopsy site, and disease-free interval), the authors established the first prediction tool to estimate the probability of HER2-0 tumors converting to HER2-low/positive tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Intrapatient primary-to-metastatic and intermetastatic HER2 heterogeneity were observed in this large-scale cohort study. When evaluating HER2 based on recurrent/metastatic tumors, an overall survival difference was observed between patients who had HER2-0 versus HER2-low, recurrent/metastatic breast tumors. The developed prediction tool might help clinicians screen out patients with primary HER2-0 tumors that have a high probability of HER2 status conversion and recommend them for re-biopsy, thus helping to screen out candidate patients for trastuzumab deruxtecan treatment.

Secretory breast carcinoma: clinicopathological features and prognosis of 52 patients.

PURPOSE: Secretory breast carcinoma is a rare histological subtype of invasive breast cancer and considered with an indolent clinical behavior. This study was conducted to analyze the clinicopathological features of patients with secretory breast carcinoma (SBC), explore the outcome, and compare the prognostic difference with invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with SBC diagnosed between 2006 and 2017 from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were included in the study, excluding patients with previous malignant tumor history and incomplete clinical data or follow-up records. Peculiar clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of the cases were fully described. Clinical data of 4979 cases of IDC were also evaluated during this period. After propensity score matching, prognostic analysis of SBCs and IDCs was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and landmark analysis method. RESULTS: The data of 52 patients diagnosed with SBC were identified from the pathological files. Among them, 47 patients were women, and 5 were men. The median age of the 52 SBCs was 46 years (mean, 48.1 years; range, 10-80 years). The tumor sizes ranged from 0.3 to 6.8 cm, with a mean of 3.5 cm. Eight patients (15.4%) had positive axillary lymph node involvement. The molecular classification was mostly triple-negative breast cancer (65.4%). Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of ETV6::NTRK3 rearrangement in 16 of 18 cases (88.9%). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and landmark analysis demonstrated that there were no statistically significant differences in DFS and OS between SBC and IDC patients. CONCLUSION: Although SBCs are generally associated with a favorable prognosis, our work exhibited that the clinicopathological features of SBC were partly different from former understandings, indicating that therapeutic procedure should be prudent. Further studies are necessary to fully identify the clinical behavior and predictive markers to improve diagnosis and management in this unique subtype of breast cancer.

Enhancing therapeutic efficacy in luminal androgen receptor triple-negative breast cancer: exploring chidamide and enzalutamide as a promising combination strategy.

Extensive exploration of the molecular subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is critical for advancing precision medicine. Notably, the luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtype has attracted attention for targeted treatment combining androgen receptor antagonists and CDK4/6 inhibitors. Unfortunately, this strategy has proven to be of limited efficacy, highlighting the need for further optimization. Using our center's comprehensive multiomics dataset (n = 465), we identified novel therapeutic targets and evaluated their efficacy through multiple models, including in vitro LAR cell lines, in vivo cell-derived allograft models and ex vivo patient-derived organoids. Moreover, we conducted flow cytometry and RNA-seq analysis to unveil potential mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumor progression by these therapeutic strategies. LAR breast cancer cells exhibited sensitivity to chidamide and enzalutamide individually, with a drug combination assay revealing their synergistic effect. Crucially, this synergistic effect was verified through in vivo allograft models and patient-derived organoids. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that the combination therapeutic strategy could inhibit tumor progression by regulating metabolism and autophagy. This study confirmed that the combination of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and androgen receptor (AR) antagonists possessed greater therapeutic efficacy than monotherapy in LAR TNBC. This finding significantly bolsters the theoretical basis for the clinical translation of this combination therapy and provides an innovative strategy for the targeted treatment of LAR TNBC.

Elongin B promotes breast cancer progression by ubiquitinating tumor suppressor p14/ARF.

Elongin B (ELOB), a pivotal element in the ELOB/c-Cullin2/5-SOCS-box E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, plays a significant role in catalyzing the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of a broad spectrum of target proteins. Notably, it is documented to facilitate these processes. However, the regulatory role of ELOB in breast cancer remains ambiguous. In this study, through bio-informatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center database, we demonstrated that ELOB was over-expressed in breast cancer tissues and was related to unfavorable prognosis. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis illustrated that high expression of ELOB was associated with multiple cancer promoting pathways, like cell cycle, DNA replication, proteasome and PI3K - Akt signaling pathway, indicating ELOB as a potential anticancer target. Then, we confirmed that both in vivo and in vitro, the proliferation of breast cancer cells could be significantly suppressed by the down-regulation of ELOB. Mechanically, immunoprecipitation and in vivo ubiquitination assays prompted that, as the core element of Cullin2-RBX1-ELOB E3 ligase (CRL2) complex, ELOB regulated the ubiquitination and the subsequent degradation of oncoprotein p14/ARF. Moreover, the anticancer efficacy of erasing ELOB could be rescued by simultaneous knockdown of p14/ARF. Finally, through analyzing breast cancer tissue microarrays and western blot of patient samples, we demonstrated that the expression of ELOB in tumor tissues was elevated in compared to adjacent normal tissues. In conclusion, ELOB is identified to be a promising innovative target for the drug development of breast cancer by promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of oncoprotein p14/ARF.

Collective motion of chiral particles in complex noise environments.

Collective motion of chiral particles in complex noise environments is investigated based on the Vicsek model. In the model, we added chirality, along with complex noise, affecting particles clustering motion. Particles can only avoid noise interference in a specific channel, and this consideration is more realistic due to the complexity of the environment. Via simulations, we find that the channel proportion, p, critically influences chiral particle synchronization. Specifically, we observe a disorder-order transition at critical [Formula: see text], only when [Formula: see text], the system can achieve global synchronization. Combined with our definition of spatial distribution parameter and observation of the model, the reason is that particles begin to escape from the noise region under the influence of complex noise. In addition, the value of [Formula: see text] increases linearly with velocity, while it decreases monotonically with the increase in chirality and interaction radius. Interestingly, an appropriate noise amplitude minimizes [Formula: see text]. Our findings may inspire novel strategies to manipulate self-propelled particles of distinct chirality to achieve desired spatial migration and global synchronization.

Persistence of dissolved organic matter in sediments influenced by environmental factors：Implication for nutrition and carbon cycle.

The persistence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a crucial role in the cycling and distribution of carbon and nutrients. Nonetheless, our understanding of how environmental alterations affect the persistence of sedimentary DOM remains incomplete. Excitation Emission Fluorescence Matrix-Parallel Factor Analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) was used to examine the fluorescence and compositional characteristics of hydrophilic and hydrophobic DOM (separated using XAD-8 resin) within sediments from twelve lakes and reservoirs. Fluorescence analysis indicated that DOM persistence is dependent on the proportions of the three components derived from PARAFAC. The Mantel test showed that climatic factors had the most significant impact on DOM persistence (Mantel's r = 0.46-0.54, Mantel's p = 0.001-0.007), while anthropogenic (Mantel's r = 0.24-0.32, Mantel's p = 0.03-0.05) and hydrological factors (Mantel's r = 0.03-0.22, Mantel's p = 0.06-0.40) had a somewhat lesser influence. Environmental changes resulted in a consistent decline in DOM persistence from Northeast to Southwest China, accompanied by an increase in gross primary productivity (GPP). Reduced DOM persistence due to climate, hydrological, and anthropogenic factors may lead to elevated concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), contributing to deteriorating water quality and events such as algal blooms. The decline in water quality due to reduced DOM persistence in lakes with high GPP can exacerbate the transition from carbon sinks to carbon sources. Consequently, the persistence of sedimentary DOM significantly influences nutrient and carbon cycling in lakes. Investigating DOM persistence in lakes across diverse geographic locations offers a new perspective on lake eutrophication and carbon emissions. Furthermore, it is crucial to develop targeted recommendations for lake restoration and management.

In vivo CRISPR screens identify RhoV as a pro-metastasis factor of triple-negative breast cancer.

Metastasis is the main death reason for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Thus, identifying the driver genes associated with metastasis of TNBC is urgently needed. CRISPR screens have dramatically enhanced genome editing and made it possible to identify genes associated with metastasis. In this study, we identified and explored the crucial role of ras homolog family member V (RhoV) in TNBC metastasis. Here, we performed customized in vivo CRISPR screens targeting metastasis-related genes obtained from transcriptome analysis of TNBC. The regulatory role of RhoV in TNBC was validated using gain- or loss-of-function studies in vitro and in vivo. We further conducted immunoprecipitation and LC-MS/MS to explore the metastasis mechanism of RhoV. In vivo functional screens identified RhoV as a candidate regulator involved in tumor metastasis. RhoV was frequently upregulated in TNBC and correlated with poor survival. Knockdown of RhoV significantly suppressed cell invasion, migration, and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we provided evidence that p-EGFR interacted with RhoV to activate the downstream signal pathway of RhoV, thereby promoting tumor metastasis. We further confirmed that this association was dependent on GRB2 through a specific proline-rich motif in the N-terminus of RhoV. This mechanism of RhoV is unique, as other Rho family proteins lack the proline-rich motif in the N-terminus.

Nab-paclitaxel Followed by Dose-dense Epirubicin/Cyclophosphamide in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Triple-negative Breast Cancer: A Phase II Study.

BACKGROUND: The anti-tumor activity of nab-paclitaxel followed by epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (EC) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in Asian patients remain unclear, particularly in the aggressive subtype triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this NAC regimen in TNBC. METHODS: In this Simon's two-stage, phase II study, treatment-naïve patients with unilateral primary invasive TNBC were enrolled. Eligible patients received nab-paclitaxel 125 mg/m2 weekly on day 1 for 12 weeks, followed by dose-dense EC (epirubicin 90 mg/m2; cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2) on day 1 for four 2-week cycles. The primary endpoint was the total pathological complete response (tpCR, ypT0/is ypN0) rate. RESULTS: A total of 55 eligible patients were enrolled and treated. After NAC, tpCR and breast pathological complete response were respectively observed in 43.1% (95% CI, 29.3-57.8) and 49.0% (95% CI, 34.8-63.4) of 51 evaluable patients for pathological response evaluation. 44 had an objective response as their best response (80.0%; 95% CI, 67.0-89.6). No correlations between clinicopathological variables and pathological/clinical response were observed. Grade 3 or more adverse events (AEs) occurred in 63.6% of 55 patients. The most frequent AEs were alopecia. No treatment-related surgical delay or death occurred. CONCLUSION: Nab-paclitaxel followed by dose-dense EC as NAC demonstrates promising anti-tumor activity and acceptable tolerability for patients with TNBC. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03799679).

Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence after breast-conserving surgery: insights into biology and treatment.

Despite modern surgical and irradiation techniques, ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) accounts for 5-15% of all cancer recurrence in women treated with breast conservative treatment. Historically, this event has been treated definitively with salvage mastectomy and completion axillary clearance. However, many local recurrences are small and without nodal involvement at presentation. Thus, there has been an interest in performing a surgical de-escalation procedure in the breast and the axilla. The current guidelines do not provide detailed descriptions and treatment suggestions for these selected patients, resulting in inconsistent treatment strategies. Moreover, the methods to define true recurrence (TR) and new primary tumor (NP) for IBTR remain controversial. Most developed classification methods mainly rely on clinical and pathological criteria, limiting the accuracy of the discerption and causing misclassification. In this editorial, we will discuss the current trends in surgical de-escalation for patients with IBTR. Moreover, we will focus on recent IBTR innovations, highlighting molecular-integrated classification and multimodal staging methods for clinical practice and postoperative surveillance strategies.

Unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations causing seizures localize to one common brain network.

Seizures are a frequent symptom of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). However, the brain regions responsible for these seizures remain unclear. To identify the brain regions causally involved in bAVM-related seizures, we retrospectively reviewed 220 patients with unruptured bAVMs. Using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) analyses, we tested whether individual brain regions were associated with unruptured bAVM-related seizures. The result revealed that unruptured bAVMs causing seizures are anatomically heterogeneous at the voxel level. Subsequently, lesion network mapping (LNM) analyses was performed to determine whether bAVMs causing seizures belonged to a distributed brain network. LNM analyses indicated that these lesions were located in a functional network characterized by connectivity to the left caudate and precuneus. Moreover, the discrimination performance of the identified seizure network was evaluated in discovery set by calculating the individualized network damage score and was tested in validation set. Based on the calculated network damage scores, patients were divided into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups. The prevalence of seizures significantly differed among the three risk categories in both discovery (p = .003) and validation set (p = .004). Finally, we calculated the percentage of voxels in the canonical resting-state networks that overlapped with the seizure-susceptible brain regions to investigate the involvement of resting-state networks. With an involvement percentage over 50%, the frontoparietal control (82.9%), limbic function (76.7%), and default mode network (69.3%) were considered to be impacted in bAVM-related seizures. Our study identified the seizure-susceptible brain regions for unruptured bAVMs, which could be a plausible neuroimaging biomarker in predicting possible seizures.

High expression of TLR3 in triple-negative breast cancer predicts better prognosis-data from the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center cohort and tissue microarrays.

INTRODUCTION: We have previously reported that Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) acts as a suppressor gene for breast cancer initiation and progression. In this study, we evaluated the role of TLR3 in breast cancer using our original Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) datasets and breast cancer tissue microarrays. METHODS: Using FUSCC multiomics datasets on triple- negative breast cancer (TNBC), we compared the mRNA expression of TLR3 in TNBC tissue and the adjacent normal tissue. A Kaplan-Meier plotter was performed to investigate the expression of TLR3 on prognosis in the FUSCC TNBC cohort. We performed immunohistochemical staining to analyze TLR3 protein expression in the TNBC tissue microarrays. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis was performed using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to verify the results of our FUSCC study. The relationship between TLR3 and clinicopathological features was analyzed with logistic regression and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The association between clinical characteristics and overall survival in TCGA patients was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify signaling pathways that are differentially activated in breast cancer. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of TLR3 was lower in TNBC tissue than in the adjacent normal tissue in the FUSCC datasets. The TLR3 had high expression in immunomodulatory (IM) and mesenchymal-like (MES) subtypes and low expression in luminal androgen receptor (LAR) and basal-like immune-suppressed (BLIS) subtypes. High expression of TLR3 in TNBC predicted better prognosis in the FUSCC TNBC cohort. Immunohistochemical staining of the tissue microarrays showed that TLR3 had lower expression in breast cancer tissues than in the adject normal tissues. Furthermore, the TLR3 expression was positively associated with B cell, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and myeloid dendritic cells. Bioinformatic analysis using high-throughput RNA-sequencing data from the TCGA demonstrated that the reduced expression of TLR3 in breast cancer was associated with advanced clinicopathological characteristics, survival time, and poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: TLR3 has low expression in TNBC tissue. High expression of TLR3 in triple-negative breast cancer predicts better prognosis. TLR3 expression may be a potential prognostic molecular marker of poor survival in breast cancer.

Transition in electronic and magnetic properties of transition metal embedded semimetallic B-graphyne.

Spintronics is extremely important in the future development of information technology. Notably, two-dimensional carbon materials with atomically thick and p-electron systems have great potential for application in ultrathin spintronic devices. B-graphyne (B-GY) is a recently proposed two-dimensional carbon allotrope with double Dirac cones. It is a promising nanomaterial for high-speed spintronic devices due to its ultra-high Fermi velocity and thermodynamic stability. We tune the electronic and magnetic properties of B-GY by doping 3d transition metals (TM) (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) based on first-principles calculations. After doping, TM forms strong covalent bonds (Fe, Co, Ni) and ionic bonds (Cr, Mn) with adjacent C atoms. The system of TM-doped B-GY (TM@B-GY) is transformed from a semimetal for B-GY to a metal (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co), but Ni@B-GY is still semimetal. Among them, Co@B-GY is approximately a half-metal. Moreover, TM (except Ni) can induce the magnetism of B-GY to undergo spin splitting. The TM d-orbitals are strongly coupled to the C p-orbitals, which play an important role in inducing magnetism. The results show that the tunable electronic and magnetic properties of TM@B-GY are promising as a high-speed spintronic device. Our research helps advance the study of semimetallic carbon allotropes in the field of spintronics.

TROPION-Breast02: Datopotamab deruxtecan for locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.

Despite recent treatment advances, the prognosis for patients with locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains poor. The antibody-drug conjugate datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is composed of a humanized anti-TROP2 IgG1 monoclonal antibody linked to a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload via a stable, cleavable linker. The phase III TROPION-Breast02 trial in patients previously untreated for locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic TNBC, who are not candidates for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors is evaluating efficacy and safety of Dato-DXd versus investigator's choice of chemotherapy (ICC). Approximately 600 patients will be randomized 1:1 to Dato-DXd 6 mg/kg iv. every 3 weeks or ICC (paclitaxel, nab-paclitaxel, carboplatin, capecitabine or eribulin mesylate). Dual primary end points are progression-free survival by blinded independent central review and overall survival.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is hard to treat. Tumors lack receptors for estrogen and progesterone, which means that standard endocrine therapy is ineffective, and it does not express HER2, so HER2 therapies are also not appropriate. However, the majority of TNBC tumors do possess a cell surface protein called TROP2 which provides a way of directing treatment inside tumor cells that is more selective than traditional chemotherapy. Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is a drug that consists of two parts: datopotamab (an antibody) and DXd (the cancer-cell killing toxic component), which are joined via a stable linker. Datopotamab binds to the TROP2 protein found on TNBC tumors and is taken into the cell. The linker is then broken and releases DXd, which kills the tumor cell. By binding to cancer cells before releasing the payload, treatment is directed to the tumor, minimizing side effects in the rest of the body. The TROPION-Breast02 study aims to discover whether Dato-DXd is more effective than standard-of-care chemotherapy, allowing patients with TNBC to live longer without their breast cancer getting worse. This study is also looking at how Dato-DXd may affect patients' overall functioning and quality of life. TROPION-Breast02 will recruit approximately 600 patients who: Have cancer that has spread from the original site (metastatic), or cancer that returned to the same site (locally recurrent) that cannot be surgically removed Have not received any prior treatment for this stage of cancer Cannot receive an alternative type of anticancer treatment called PD-(L)1 inhibitors Had any length of time between their last treatment with the aim of cure and return of their disease Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to a treatment group in equal numbers to either Dato-DXd or an appropriate chemotherapy (one of five available options, chosen by the treating doctor). Each patient will generally continue to receive their designated treatments if the tumor is controlled by the drug, there are no unacceptable side effects, or the patient chooses to stop treatment. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05374512 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

An Enhanced Food Digestion Algorithm for Mobile Sensor Localization.

Mobile sensors can extend the range of monitoring and overcome static sensors' limitations and are increasingly used in real-life applications. Since there can be significant errors in mobile sensor localization using the Monte Carlo Localization (MCL), this paper improves the food digestion algorithm (FDA). This paper applies the improved algorithm to the mobile sensor localization problem to reduce localization errors and improve localization accuracy. Firstly, this paper proposes three inter-group communication strategies to speed up the convergence of the algorithm based on the topology that exists between groups. Finally, the improved algorithm is applied to the mobile sensor localization problem, reducing the localization error and achieving good localization results.

Heterogeneity of molecular-level and photochemical of dissolved organic matter derived from decomposing submerged macrophyte and algae.

Aquatic macrophytes and algae are the most important sources of autochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM), and their transformation and reuse significantly affect aquatic ecosystem health. In this study, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) was used to identify the molecular features between submerged macrophyte-derived DOM (SMDOM) and algae-derived DOM (ADOM). The photochemical heterogeneity between SMDOM and ADOM by UV254-irradiation and their molecular mechanism were also discussed. The results showed that the molecular abundance of SMDOM was dominated by lignin/CRAM-like structures, tannins, and concentrated aromatic structures (sum of 91.79%), while that of ADOM was dominated by lipids, proteins, and unsaturated hydrocarbons (sum of 60.30%). UV254-radiation resulted in a net reduction of tyrosine-like, tryptophan-like and terrestrial humic-like, and conversely a net production of marine humic-like. The light decay rate constants obtained by the multiple exponential function model fitting revealed that both tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like components of SMDOM could be rapidly and directly photodegraded, while the photodegradation of tryptophan-like in ADOM depended on the production of photosensitizers. The photo-refractory fractions of both SMDOM and ADOM were as follows: humic-like > tyrosine-like > tryptophan-like. Our results provide new insights into the fate of autochthonous DOM in aquatic ecosystems where "grass-algae" coexist or evolve.