[Characteristics of cholesterol transport by various classes of lipoproteins and their apolipoproteins in hypo- and hyperalphalipoproteinemia]. / Kharakteristika transporta kholesterina lipoproteidami razlichnykh klassov i ikh apolipoproteinami pri gipo- i giperal'falipoproteidemii.

The content in the blood plasma of the main apolipoproteins of lipoproteins of very low and low density apo-B and tetramethylurea-soluble apo-LP as well as lipoproteins of high density apo-A and the relation to apo-LP cholesterol of these classes of lipoproteins were studied in 34 males with different levels of alpha-LP cholesterol. It is shown that in hypoalphacholesterolemia the plasma apo-A content is reduced with the cholesterol/apo-A ratio being less than in normoalphacholesterolemia; at the same time, the content in the plasma of total triglycerides, cholesterol, and protein of very low density lipoproteins is increased and cholesterol saturation calculated for protein of very low and low density lipoproteins does not change. In hyperalphacholesterolemia the plasma apo-A content is increased both in the absolute amount and in relation to apo-B and TMU-soluble proteins; the content of cholesterol on apo-A in high density lipoproteins is the same as under normal conditions and higher than in hypoalphacholesterolemia. The results obtained are discussed in association with the data in the literature concerning the functions of lipoproteins and apo-LP in relation to the transport of cholesterol into the vascular wall and its drainage.

[Indicators of the atherogenic properties of plasma lipoproteins and coronary atherosclerosis (selective angiography data)]. / Pokazateli aterogennosti lipoproteidov plazmy krovi i koronarnyi ateroskleroz (po dannym selektivnoi angiografii).

A combined study of possible atherogenic factors was carried out in 213 males subjected to clinical investigation including selective angiography of the heart's coronary arteries. Two sets of biochemical tests were used: the routine set including the measurement of the plasma lipid spectrum, and a more sophisticated procedure (93 cases) where plasma apoproteins A1 and B, and high-density lipoprotein phospholipid composition were assessed as well. A correlation of biochemical disorders to coronary atherosclerosis could be demonstrated in 68% of cases, using the first set, and in 98% with the second set. Abnormal apoprotein levels and high-density lipoprotein phospholipid composition were found to contribute significantly to lipoprotein atherogenesis even in cases of normolipidemia.

[First-onset stenocardia: indices of the atherogenicity of the blood plasma lipoprotein system and the coronary angiographic data]. / Vpervye voznikshaia stenokardiia: pokazateli aterogennosti sistemy lipoproteidov plazmy krovi i dannye koronarnoi angiografii.

Coronary angiography and the assessment of blood lipoproteins were carried out in 43 patients with recent (not more than three months old) angina. A rise in cholesterol above 270 mg/dl and/or triglycerides above 200 mg/dl was demonstrated in 19. The level of alpha-cholesterol was below 35 mg/dl in 11 of 24 normolipidemic patients. The apoprotein B/apoprotein AI ratio was above 1.0 in 7 of 13 patients with normal cholesterol levels. Plasma phospholipid composition was disturbed in 4 of 6 patients with normal apoprotein B/apoprotein AI rations. Therefore, atherogenic changes in plasma lipoprotein composition were found in 95% of patients with recent angina.

[Alterations in several cerebral metabolic indices in patients with epilepsy]. / Izmenenie nekotorykh pokazatelei metabolizma golovnogo mozga u bol'nykh épilepsiei

The paper pertains to studies of some metabolic indices in the brain of 106 epileptic patients where fits were of a traumatical and inflammatory etiology and with the duration of the disease from 1-10 years. The examination revealed disorders of the reductive-oxidative processes and carbohydrate metabolism in the brain which were not related to the etiology of epilepsy. A disorder of reductive-oxidative processes were more expressed in focal nonconvulsive fits characteristic for temporal epilepsy. The authors point to a certain correlation between changes in biochemical indices and the duration of the disease.

[Comparative evaluation of nutrition of healthy persons, patients with the preclinical stage of ischemic heart disease and in patients with marked coronary disease]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka kharaktera pitaniia zdorovykh, lits s dokli- nicheskoi stadiei ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa i bol'nykh s vyrazhennoi ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

A total of 92 males aged 28 to 55 years were examined. These included 28 apparently healthy individuals, 45 subjects with preclinical coronary heart disease and 19 patients with Functional Class I-II coronary heart disease. A special questionnaire was used to examine the dietary patterns of the subjects with preclinical coronary heart disease, i.e. those having no typical clinical signs of the disease, but showing signs of myocardial infarction during the maximum exercise testing and minimal coronary arterial changes at selective coronary angiography. The subjects, unlike healthy individuals and CHD patients, were found to have 1 or 2 meals a day, frequently late at night, consume large amounts of sugar and other candies, fatty milk products, butter, eggs; small quantities of vegetables, fruits, and fish, often put additional amounts of salt to their diet. The subjects, as patients with severe CHD but unlike healthy individuals, were shown to have hypercholesterolemia and display high low density lipoprotein and apo-lipoprotein B levels; apo B/apo A being more than 1. The above dietary patterns of subjects with preclinical CHD represent one of the causes of abnormal changes in the blood lipid profile, which result in further CHD development.

[Isolation and quantitative determination of apoprotein C-11 in the blood using rocket immunoelectrophoresis]. / Vydelenie apoproteina C-11 i kolichestvennoe opredelenie ego v plazme krovi metodom raketnogo immunoélektroforeza.

Apoprotein C-II was isolated from human blood plasma by means of column chromatography-gel filtration and DEAE ion exchange chromatography by modified method of Brown et al (1969). Production of antiserum to apoprotein C-II as well as a procedure for rocket immunoelectrophoresis are described for estimation of the apoprotein in blood plasma of men and women of various age, exhibiting different lipid spectra. Content of the apoprotein C-II in blood plasma, estimated by the immunoelectrophoretic procedure, was higher in men as compared with women and correlated with concentration of triglycerides in blood plasma.

[Structural characteristics of plasma lipoproteins studied with spin-labelled fatty acids]. / Issledovanie strukturnykh osobennostei lipoproteidov plazmy s pomoshch'iu spin-mechennykh zhirnykh kislot.

As shown by means of electrone paramagnetic resonance of spin probes, a magnitude of ordering of lipoprotein molecular arrangement both internal and external parts of molecule was decreased in a following sequence: high density lipoproteins greater than low density greater than very low density lipoproteins. Permeability towards a reducing agent - ascorbic acid - was altered similarly in the lipoprotein surface monolayer.

[Change in the apoproteins of very low density lipoproteins in the blood in hypertriglyceridemia]. / Izmenenie apoproteinov lipoproteidov ochen' nizkoi plotnosti plazmy krovi pri gipertriglitseridemii.

Some properties of very low density lipoproteins were studied under conditions causing an increase of their concentration in blood plasma. Content of high molecular apolipoprotein B and low molecular lipoproteins were estimated after fractionation using column chromatography and selective precipitation with tetramethylurea. In 216 men (40-59 years old) with hypertriglyceridemia the increase in content of particles of very low density lipoproteins was accompanied by simultaneous alteration in their composition in blood plasma: content of low molecular polypeptides, triglycerides and cholesterol was increased per a weight unit of apoprotein B. At the same time, the absolute concent of apoprotein B and of low molecular apoproteins of very low density lipoproteins was increased in blood plasma. The most distinct alteration in the ratio of apolipoproteins to very low density lipoproteins was observed, if content of testosterone--activator of lipoprotein lipase--was decreased in blood plasma.

[Spin label study of plasma lipoproteins]. / Issledovanie lipoproteidov plazmy metodom spinovykh metok.

Lipoprotein structure was studied by means of EPR-spectroscopy of spin probes--iminoxyl derivatives of stearic acid and of androstane--in blood plasma of 40-59 years old men. The mode of wrapping of external monolayer of lipoprotein particles, the type of their intermolecular interactions were similar to corresponding characteristics of bilayer in biological and model membranes. Correlation was observed between concentration of separate lipoproteins in blood plasma and the structural parameters of the probe distribution in hydrophobic and polar regions of the lipoprotein preparations. The phenomena observed might be related to capacity of the high density lipoproteins to accept cholesterol from cell membranes with transfer of cholesterol into liver tissue, where it is subsequently metabolized, as well as to the property of the very low density lipoproteins to transfer cholesterol into tissues, particularly, into vascular walls.

[Effect of cortisol on adenylate cyclase and 3',5'-AMP phosphodiesterase activity and 3',5'-AMP concentration in tissues and biological fluids in experimental atherosclerosis]. / Vliianie kortizola na aktivnost' adenilattsiklazy, 3',5'-AMF-fosfodiésterazy i kontsentratsiiu 3',5'-AMF v tkaniakh i biologicheskikh zhidkostiakh pri éksperimental'nom ateroskleroze.

Administration of hydrocortisone into healthy rabbits activated adenilate cyclase and phosphodiesterase in liver tissue; activity of the enzymes was normalized within 5 days after the treatment. The hormone, administered into animals with experimental cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis, caused an activation of adenilate cyclase and inhibition of phosphodiesterase; due to the phenomenon more distinct and long-term increase in cAMP concentration was observed in kidney, liver and fatty tissues. Concentration of cAMP exceeded considerably its initial content in the tissues within 5 days after the hydrocortisone administration. Hydrocortisone inhibited the adenilate cyclase system activity in adrenal cortex of experimental and control animals at early period of the experiment. In health rabbits content of cAMP was increased in adrenal cortex within 5 days after the hormone administration. As the similar effect was not found in animals with experimental atherosclerosis these data suggest that the hypophysis-adrenal cortex system under the experimental conditions studied was inhibited.

[Preparatory isolation of subclasses of high density lipoproteins and features of their composition]. / Preparativnoe vydelenie podklassov lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti i kharakteristika ikh sostava.

An improved procedure is described for separation of high density lipoproteins /HDLP/ into subfractions using narrow salt gradient with optimal concentration for each subfraction. Lipid and protein composition of the HDLP subfractions obtained was studied. Analysis of the subfractions in persons with various concentration of alpha-cholesterol enabled to conclude that concentration of the HDLP2 was preferably increased in hyperalphalipoproteinemia; in this case protein and lipid compositions of both lipoprotein subfractions were not altered as compared with those in normal alphalipoproteinemia.

[Apoproteins C and E from very low and high density lipoproteins in men with dysalphalipoproteinemia]. / Apoproteiny gruppy C i E lipoproteidov ochen' nizkoi i vysokoi plotnosti u muzhchin s dis-al'fa-lipoproteidemiiami.

Quantitative alterations were found in content and the ratio of apoproteins "C" and "E" from lipoproteins of very low density (LPVLD) and of high density (LPHD). In lipoproteinlipolysis of LPVLD the ratio of total apoprotein-inhibitors to protein-activators was increased in men with hyperalphalipoproteinemia; the lipoproteinlipolytic activity appears to depend on content and composition of specific LPVLD apoproteins. Dissimilar alterations in content of "C" and "E" apoproteins, studied in LPVLD and LPHD simultaneously, occurred when high and low concentrations of cholesterol-LPHD (CS-LPHD) were used. At the same time, content of apoE and cholesterol esters, occurring both in LPVLD and LPHD, was uniformly altered under conditions of CS-LPHD content variation. The data obtained suggest that content of blood plasma CS-LPHD is related to quantitative composition of apoproteins involved in regulation of lipoprotein metabolism in blood plasma.

[Transport of the fatty acids composing the phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins of the low- and very high-density lipoproteins in the blood plasma in myocardial hypertrophy]. / Transport zhirnykh kislot v sostave fosfatidilkholinov i sfingomielinov lipoproteidov nizkoi i ochen' nizkoi plotnosti plazmy krovi pri gipertrofii miokarda.

A comparative analysis of the fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholines (PC) and sphingomyelins (SP) of lipoproteins (LP) of low and very low density was performed in the blood plasma of Eskimos (indigenous population of the Chukot Peninsula) in myocardial hypertrophy and in the control group as well as in the control group of Muscovites. Some characteristic features of the fatty acid composition of low density LP PC and SP were revealed in Eskimos in myocardial hypertrophy. The role of changes in the transport of fatty acids of low density LP PC and SP of the blood plasma in the myocyte membrane liquidity as well as in the synthesis of biologically active prostacyclin revealed in myocardial hypertrophy was discussed.

[Various reasons for changes in the phospholipid composition of high density lipoproteins in hypoalphacholesterolemia]. / Nekotorye prichiny izmenenii fosfolipidnogo sostava lipoproteinov vysokoi plotnosti pri gipoal'fakholesterinemii.

In men without any symptoms of ischemic heart disease, living in two different geographical zones (Moscow and Chuckchee land) low level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was accompanied by alterations in phospholipid composition of HDL2 and HDL3: decrease in the ration of lecithin and increase in sphingomyelin and kephalin content. The alteration in the phospholipid composition of these two HDL subclasses occurred simultaneously with changes in fatty acid composition of HDL lecithin: decrease in the ratio of linoleic acid as well as in stearic and arachidonic or eucosepentaenic acids. At the same time, phospholipid composition of the HDL subclasses was dissimilar in men and women without any symptoms of ischemic heart disease. Role of alterations in the fatty acid composition of phosphatide acid as well as effect of hormones on alterations in the phospholipid composition of HDL in hypoalphacholesterolemia are discussed.

[Preparative subfractionation of high-density lipoproteins in dysalphalipoproteinemias]. / Preparativnoe subfraktsionirovanie lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti pri disal'falipoproteidemiiakh.

A new modified procedure is described for preparative production of three subfractions of high density lipoproteins (HDL) by means of salt density gradient developed in ultracentrifugation. Concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipids and apoprotein A-1 in both subfractions HDL2b and HDL2 alpha were found to alter simultaneously with the level of HDL cholesterol in blood plasma of the patients with low, normal and increased content of HDL cholesterol (10 men in each group), thus suggesting the alteration of the particles amount in both these subfractions. In hyperalphacholesterolemia the level of all the components studied was unaltered as compared with normal state, and in hypoalphacholesterolemia only cholesterol containing in HDL3 was decreased due to diminished loading of the particles with cholesterol, as calculated per a unit of apoprotein A-1. The data obtained suggest that alterations in amount of both HDL2b and HDL2a particles depended on intensity of lipid binding, especially of cholesterol, to particles of the HDL3 subfraction, which plays an important role in various physiological and pathological states.

[Low density lipoprotein distribution by flotation characteristics in normal conditions and in dyslipoproteinemias]. / Raspredelenie lipoproteinov nizkoi plotnosti po flotatsionnym kharakteristikam v norme i pri dislipoproteidemiiakh.

Distribution of low density (LDL; density range of 1.006-1.063), using the LDL flotation velocity in ultracentrifugation as a criterion, was studied in 4 groups of patients with coronary atherosclerosis (31 patients was examined, 24 of which were with angiographically confirmed coronary atherosclerosis): control group, patients with ischemic heart disease-with normal level of blood plasma lipids, with increased content of triglycerides and with decreased content of LDL cholesterol. The ratio of LDL particles with high hydration density was elevated in the LDL spectrum of all the patients examined. At the same time, each group of patients examined exhibited specific alterations in the LDL distribution spectra.

[Incidence among men of atherogenic potential of the serum detected in a culture of mouse peritoneal macrophages]. / Rasprostranennost' sredi muzhchin aterogennogo potentsiala syvorotki krovi, vyiavliaemogo v kul'ture peritoneal'nykh makrofagov myshi.

Blood serum of 63 persons out of 191 men examined, randomly selected among non-organized population, caused in primary culture of mice peritoneal macrophages the 1.3-4-fold increased accumulation of intercellular cholesterol. Blood serum of other 128 men studied did not exhibit any atherogenic properties in the culture. The atherogenic potential of blood serum did not correlate with content of blood serum lipids, apolipoproteins B and A-I, while it correlated with the ratio apo B/apo A-I in blood serum and with one of ischemic heart disease risk factors--increased arterial pressure. Blood serum atherogenic potential, detected in experimental model, appears to be involved in development of human atherosclerosis.

[Distribution of subfractions of high-density lipoproteins during their separation according to hydrated density and particle size]. / Raspredelenie podfraktsii lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti pri ikh razdelenii v sootvetstvii s gidratirovannoi plotnost'iu i razmerom chastits.

Distribution of high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions was studied by means of gradient ultracentrifugation depending on their hydration density and using electrophoresis in gradient polyacrylamide gel according to the particles size. 53 men were examined, where 43 patients were impaired with ischemic heart disease and with atherosclerosis of coronary arteries documented by angiography. In all the patients with ischemic heart disease and dislipoproteinemias distribution of the HDL particles was altered towards a decrease in amount of HDL2b particles; at the same time, loading with cholesterol of the HDL3 subfraction was lowered. The alterations in the subfraction spectrum and composition of HDL observed in the patients with the ischemia and coronary atherosclerosis appear to exhibit the atherogenous impairments in cholesterol elimination from arterial wall.

[The effect of a one-time fat load on indicators of the plasma lipoprotein system in patients with ischemic heart disease and in healthy patients]. / Vliianie odnorazovoi zhirovoi nagruzki na pokazateli sistemy lipoproteidov plazmy krovi bol'nykh ishemicheskoi belezniu serdtsa i zdorovykh lits.

Effects of fatty loading on patterns of the lipoprotein system were studied in blood plasma of 39 patients with ischemic heart disease and of 21 healthy volunteers and were carried out on fasting individuals within 3 and 6 hrs after the loading. Alterations were detected in the lipoprotein system of the patients as compared with healthy persons. In the patients with ischemic heart disease content of apoI was not increased while subfraction of high density lipoproteins HDL3b was elevated within 3 hrs and cholesterol content was decreased within 6 hrs after the fatty loading. These alterations appear to be applicable as tests for detection of latent atherogenous defects in the HDL system.

[Effect of nutrition factors on the subfractional spectrum of high density lipoproteins]. / Vliianie pishchevykh vozdeistvii na subfraktsionnyi spektr lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti.

High amount of animal lipids containing in a diet of 5 persons examined led to increase in content of lipids and of subfraction 3b of high density lipoproteins (HDL) as well as to decrease of the HDL 3a subfraction in their blood plasma. Hypocholesterolemic diet, used for medical purposes in 5 patients with heart ischemic disease within 4 weeks, caused the opposite alterations in the HDL subfraction spectrum of all the patients studied: a decrease in 3b subfraction and an increase in 3a subfraction content. Any alterations in the patterns studied, estimated every week, were not observed in the control group (5 persons) maintained on usual diet without certain dietetic or medical recommendations. These alterations in the HDL subfraction spectrum, observed under conditions of various diets, appear to occur due to their dissimilar effects on alternative steps of cholesterol transport: in loading with lipids--impairment of usual catabolism of HDL2 particles, which, after carrying out of their functions, are remained in circulation and converted into HDL3-like particles. In hypocholesterolemic diet specific pool appears to be available in turnover of small particles into large fractions (conversion of 3a into 2a subfractions). Thus, short-term lipid loading as well as prolonged diet free of animal lipids, usually occurring in human life, affect the transport system of cholesterol elimination from peripheric tissues, which was manifested as alteration in the subfraction spectrum of HDL.