[Employment, turnover intention and the associated factors among public health graduates in China].

Objective: To understand the employment situation of graduates of public health-related majors and explore the associated factors of turnover intention among public health practitioners in China. Methods: In April 2020, the convenient sampling method was used to recruit public health related graduates from 98 universities with public health-related majors from 31 provinces in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) and from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (only including working or unemployed status, no requirement for graduation years). A total of 1 322 questionnaires were collected, of which 1 165 (88.1%) were valid. Through the network questionnaire survey, the information of public health graduates' work situation, job satisfaction and turnover intention were collected. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the associated factors of turnover intention, and structural equation model was constructed to explore the correlation between turnover intention and job satisfaction. Results: The age of 1 165 graduates was (28.1±4.8) years. Among them, 719 (61.7%) were female and 856 (73.5%) graduates were engaged in public health-related work after graduation. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with those over 30 years old, graduates under 30 years old had higher turnover intention (OR=2.531, 95%CI: 1.549-4.155). Compared with those with junior or no title, graduates with senior title had higher turnover intention (OR=2.310, 95%CI: 1.047-5.162). The results of structural equation model analysis showed that the four factors of job satisfaction, 'salary and welfare', 'promotion development', 'work itself', and 'internal and external environment', were negatively correlated with turnover intention. The internal and external environment had the greatest impact on turnover intention (total effect =-0.539). Conclusion: Most graduates of public health-related majors are engaged in public health-related work in China. Age, professional title and job satisfaction are the associated factors of turnover intention.

A new Cosmocercoides species (Ascaridida: Cosmocercidae), C. wuyiensis n. sp., from the Asiatic frog Amolops wuyiensis (Amphibia: Anura).

We identified and characterized a new cosmocercid nematode species, Cosmocercoides wuyiensis n. sp., through microscopic examination and sequencing of the partial small ribosomal RNA gene (18S rDNA), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) genes. The new species was isolated from the intestine of the Asiatic frog Amolops wuyiensis Liu and Hu, 1975 captured from four localities of the Anhui province in south-east China. Among the 25 recorded species of the Cosmocercoides genus, the morphology of C. wuyiensis n. sp. is closest to that of C. kiliwai and C. malayensis, which were isolated from various Mexican frog and Malaysian lizard species, respectively. However, C. wuyiensis n. sp. displayed several distinguishing features, such as small size of the male body, two spicules of unequal lengths in the male, small gubernaculum, pre-, ad- and post-cloacal caudal rosette papillae in the ratio of 18-24:2:6 and simple papillae in the ratio of 14:multiple:4, circle and number of punctation in each rosette at 1:11-16, sharply conical tail-end and the presence of lateral alae and somatic papillae in both sexes. BLAST and the phylogenetic analyses of the 18S rDNA and ITS sequences indicated that C. wuyiensis n. sp. belonged to the genus Cosmocercoides, while that of the COI gene sequence of C. wuyiensis n. sp. showed 16.36% nucleotide divergence with C. pulcher and 47.99% nucleotide divergence with C. qingtianensis. The morphological and molecular characterization of C. wuyiensis n. sp. provides new taxonomic data for this genus.

Association between rs12252 and influenza susceptibility and severity: an updated meta-analysis.

In several lately published studies, the association between single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs12252) of IFITM3 and the risk of influenza is inconsistent. To further understand the association between the SNP of IFITM3 and the risk of influenza, we searched related studies in five databases including PubMed published earlier than 9 November 2017. Ten sets of data from nine studies were included and data were analysed by Revman 5.0 and Stata 12.0 in our updated meta-analysis, which represented 1365 patients and 5425 no-influenza controls from four different ethnicities. Here strong association between rs12252 and influenza was found in all four genetic models. The significant differences in the allelic model (C vs. T: odds ratio (OR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.03-1.79), P = 0.03) and homozygote model (CC vs. TT: OR = 10.63, 95% CI (3.39-33.33), P < 0.00001) in the Caucasian subgroup were discovered, which is very novel and striking. Also novel discoveries were found in the allelic model (C vs. T: OR = 1.37, 95% CI (1.08-1.73), P = 0.009), dominant model (CC + CT vs. TT: OR = 1.48, 95% CI (1.08-2.02), P = 0.01) and homozygote model (CC vs. TT: OR = 2.84, 95% CI (1.36-5.92), P = 0.005) when we compared patients with mild influenza with healthy individuals. Our meta-analysis suggests that single-nucleotide T to C polymorphism of IFITM3 associated with increasingly risk of severe and mild influenza in both Asian and Caucasian populations.

Guiding outbreak management by the use of influenza A(H7Nx) virus sequence analysis.

The recently identified human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses in China raise important questions regarding possible source and risk to humans. Sequence comparison with an influenza A(H7N7) outbreak in the Netherlands in 2003 and an A(H7N1) epidemic in Italy in 1999­2000 suggests that widespread circulation of A(H7N9) viruses must have occurred in China. The emergence of human adaptation marker PB2 E627K in human A(H7N9) cases parallels that of the fatal A(H7N7) human case in the Netherlands.

Clinic efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided Mammotome-assisted surgery for patients with breast benign tumors.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ultrasound-guided Mammotome-assisted resection vs. conventional open surgery for benign breast tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From July 2019 to December 2020, 134 suitable patients with benign breast cancers treated at our institution (Breast Surgery Department) were recruited and randomly allocated (1:1) to receive either Mammotome-assisted tumor excision (observation group) or open surgery (control group). The primary endpoint was clinical effectiveness, with surgical outcomes, complications, and satisfaction as secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Mammotome-assisted surgery resulted in shorter operative time, scar length, and postoperative healing time and less intraoperative bleeding volume vs. open surgery (p<0.001). Mammotome-assisted surgery was associated with a significantly higher clinical efficacy vs. open surgery (p<0.05). Patients receiving Mammotome-assisted surgery had a lower incidence of complications vs. those given open surgery (p<0.05). A significantly higher satisfaction was observed in patients given Mammotome-assisted surgery vs. open surgery (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In comparison to standard open surgery, ultrasound-guided Mammotome-assisted surgery provides a viable alternative for breast benign tumor removal with superior efficacy, shorter operating time, less trauma, higher safety, fewer complications, and higher patient satisfaction.

A case of severe non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema in a woman treated with atosiban for preterm labor.

BACKGROUND: A 27-year-old primigravid woman with a triamniotic pregnancy presented with preterm labor at 29 weeks of gestation and acute severe pulmonary edema after treatment with atosiban. CASE REPORT: The severe symptoms and hypoxemia of the patient led to emergency hysterotomy and intensive care unit hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: This clinical case prompted us to review the existing literature to examine studies on differential diagnoses in pregnant women with acute dyspnea. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms of this condition and the management of acute pulmonary edema are worth discussing.

[Status quo regarding the recruit requirements of public health-related employers and training scheme for undergraduates majored in preventive medicine in colleges and universities].

Objective: To investigate public health-related professions' recruit requirements and understand the training scheme for preventive medicine-majored undergraduates in colleges and universities in China. Methods: An online questionnaire was adopted to collect data on the recruit requirements of public health-related professions. Information on the core courses, internship, and practical training for preventive medicine-majored undergraduates was collected through universities' official websites. Results: The employers had a high requirement for education and specific majors. Also, administration professions attached importance to comprehensive quality, while professional positions to professional skills. 47.2% (67/142) employers made Talent Introduction Programs for the next three years. 20.0% (3/15) universities offered all the core courses required by national standards. For internship and practical training, both clinical practice and professional practice's median durations were 16 and 11 weeks, respectively. Conclusion: Employers showed significant demand for public health graduates and having a high requirement for personal ability and comprehensive quality. The universities should improve the setting of core courses and strengthen students' practical ability and overall quality.

[A survey on the willingness of college students majoring in public health to work in their majors].

Objective: To understand the basic qualities, practitioners will and related influences, of undergraduate, master, and doctoral students majoring in public health (hereinafter referred to as public health students), and explore the influencing factors of practitioners will. Methods: Through the online questionnaire survey, we collected information on the basic qualities of the public health students, their practitioners will and related influencing factors, and their opinions on the current state of public health in China. χ2 test and multi-factor logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of public health students' willingness to engage in public health related work, and word frequency analysis was used to conduct a descriptive analysis of public health students' views on public health in China. Results: A total of 2 081 pieces of valid information were collected, of which 86.54% (1 801/2 081) of the students in the school chose to engage in public health related work in the future. For public health students, the higher the target after-tax monthly income (OR=0.345, 95%CI: 0.158-0.751), the lower the willingness to engage in public health related work in the future; Very satisfied with school employment guidance work (OR=4.072, 95%CI: 1.234-13.436) compared with very dissatisfied, the willingness to engage in public health related work in the future is higher. Conclusion: The willingness of students in public health related majors to engage in public health related majors in China is mainly affected by three factors: payment levels, employment guidance and professional post recognition. It is recommended to appropriately raise the salaries of public health related positions. Strengthening school employment guidance training and professional identity training is conducive to enhancing the willingness of public health students to engage in relevant work in their profession.

[Meta-analysis on association between TNF-α and CCR5Δ32 gene polymorphisms and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09].

Objective: To investigate the associations between TNF-α and CCR5Δ32 gene polymorphisms and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. Methods: Studies in PubMed, Cochrane Library, OVID, EBSCO, Web of Science published before February 7, 2019 were retrieved comprehensively. Observational studies related to TNF-alpha and CCR5 gene polymorphisms and influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 were collected. A strict quality evaluation was carried out according to NOS scale. Meta-analysis was performed using software Revman 5.0 and Stata 11.0. Results: After screening, a total of 8 studies were included in this Meta-analysis. The results showed that TNF-α gene polymorphism rs361525 might be associated with the risk of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection (A vs. G: OR=2.25, 95%CI: 1.09-4.65, P=0.03; AA vs. GG: OR=4.34, 95%CI: 1.65-11.41, P=0.003; AA vs. AG+GG: OR=4.38, 95%CI: 1.67-11.48, P=0.003), similar trend also found in rs1800750 (AA+AG vs. GG: OR=2.42, 95%CI: 1.24-4.71, P=0.01). The results of subgroup analysis indicated that A allele and AA+AG genotypes of rs361525 were risk factors for influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus infection in Caucasians. AA genotype was a risk factor for influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus infection in Mexican (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the genetic polymorphism of CCR5 and the severity of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus indection (P>0.05). Conclusion: People with allele A or genotype AA at rs361525, genotype AA+AG at rs1800750 of TNF-α gene might be more susceptible to influenza A(H1N1) pdm09.

[Analysis and treatment of postoperative blockage of tympanic ventilation tubes].

Objective:To explore the occurrence and treatment of complications of postoperative blockage of tympanic ventilation tubes.Method:Two hundred and four patients(278 ears)with otitis media with effusion(OME) who received tympanostomy tube insertion from February 2010 to February 2016 were retrospectively analyzed．Ofloxacin ear drops was introduced into 80 ears in 59 patients undergoing myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion. In a follow-up period of 1,3,6,12 months,if the blockage is caused by viscid secretion,blood clot or cerumen,4% of sodium bicarbonate ear drops were used to treat patients. 3% aquae hydrogenii dioxidi and Ofloxacin ear drops were used on the patients with purulent otorrhea.Result:In the 198 ears without Ofloxacin ear drops treatment,postoperative tube obstruction occurred in 16 ears(8 of viscid secretion,3 of blood clot,3 of cerumen and 2 of purulent otorrhea). Of the 59 patients who received Ofloxacin ear drops treatment,seven ears experienced blocked tubes(1 of viscid secretion,1 of blood clot,4 of cerumen and 1 of purulent otorrhea).Conclusion:The complication of postoperative blockage of tympanic ventilation tubes is common. Relative prevention and therapy should be performed during intraoperative and postoperative procedures. Short term treatment of Ofloxacin ear drops can prevent postoperative blockage of tympanic ventilation tubes and infection.

Visual detection of human infection with influenza A (H7N9) virus by subtype-specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification with hydroxynaphthol blue dye.

A rapid and sensitive H7 and N9 subtype-specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay was developed respectively for visual detection of human-infected influenza A (H7N9) virus. The reaction was performed in one step in a single tube at 63°C for 60 min with the addition of hydroxynaphthol blue dye before amplification. The detection limits of both subtype-specific assays were comparable to those of validated H7 and N9 real-time PCR assays respectively and no cross-detection was observed with influenza A pandemic H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H9N2 or influenza B virus. The assays were evaluated further with H7N9 virus-infected clinical specimens.

Exploration of the emergence of the Victoria lineage of influenza B virus.

The Victoria lineage represented by B/Victoria/2/87 is one of the two major distinctive haemagglutinin (HA) lineages of influenza B virus, and its recent re-emergence has aroused great concerns. However, it remains unknown when, where, and how this HA lineage emerged in the world. In this study, the HA1 domain of the HA gene of fourteen influenza B viruses isolated in China in 1972-1984 was sequenced. The sequences were phylogenetically analyzed with the HA1 sequences of 41 other important influenza B isolates. The results unveiled some earlier footprints of the Victoria lineage in China, and the epidemic history of the Victoria lineage could be traced back from the year 1985 to 1975. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis, the history of China, and the epidemiology of influenza B virus indicated that the Victoria lineage possibly emerged in China in the 1970s through gradual evolution from a minor lineage.