[Prognostic value of the androgenic function state of patients with lung cancer].

The authors have studied interconnection between daily excretion of androgenous metabolites and life-span of patients with lung cancer of different histological gradation. Positive correlation was found between life-span of patients with lung cancer and index of androsterone daily excretion. The patients with lung cancer of high differentiation had their androgenous fractions daily excretion compared with those of healthy persons, and patients with the lung cancer of middle and low degree of differentiation had their androgenous fractions daily excretion considerably lower than those of healthy persons.

[Role of protein receptors of Vitamin A in the mechanism of antitumor action of retinoids]. / Rol' belkovykh retseptorov vitamina A v mekhanizmakh protivoopukholevogo deistviia retinoidov.

Data on protein receptors of vitamin A participating in retinoid metabolism, storage, transport and action are presented. Information about cytosolic protein receptors of vitamin A exerting hormone-like action on the cell proliferation and differentiation is considered in detail. Data concerning the presence of protein receptors in normal and tumour tissues, correlation between protein receptors and biological retinoid effect are analyzed. A hypothetic model of the binding protein mode of action in target cells related to the action model of steroid hormones is described. The authors' own data on action of vitamin A and steroid hormones on the level of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the rate of mammary cancer are reviewed.

[The role of membranes in the mechanisms of the anti-carcinogenic effect of retinoids]. / Rol' membran v mekhanizmakh antikantserogennogo deistviia retinoidov.

The role of cell membrane structures in the mechanism of anticarcinogenic and antiblastic action of retinoids was reviewed on the basis of the authors' results and data from literature. The retinoid action induced a delay and prevention of malignant neoplasms development, which is shown by various experimental models of carcinogenesis and tumour growth. The regulatory effect of retinoids on the membrane-bound enzymic processes was analyzed as very important in the clarification of the retinoid action mechanisms not only as antipromotor agents, but also as those influencing immediately the initiation stage of the tumour process. Improvement of the A-vitamin status of the organism is an important step in realization of the prophylactic programme of the tumor growth.

[Fatty acid content in the muscles and liver of mice developing sarcomas induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and Moloney murine sarcoma virus]. / Soderzhanie zhirnykh kislot v myshtsakh i pecheni myshei pri razvitii sarkom, indutsirovannykh 3-metilkholantrenom i virusom sarkomy myshei Moloni.

A comparative analysis was made for the fatty acid composition of lipids in the malignant muscular tissue, muscle and liver under blastomogenesis induced in mice by the Moloney sarcoma virus and 3-methylcholanthrene. The relation of the found changes in the fatty acid composition to the blastomogenesis stages is shown. The development of the tumour node is accompanied by a decrease of the fatty acid amount in the animal tissues and by its increase in the tumour. A spontaneous regression of the Moloney sarcoma results in increased level of the fatty acid content in the animal tissues followed by its normalization.

[Molecular electron carriers in mouse tissues during development of sarcomas induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and Moloney virus]. / Molekuliarnye perenoschiki élektronov v tkaniakh myshei pri razvitii sarkom, indutsirovannykh 3-metilkholantrenom i virusom Moloni.

Regular changes are revealed in electron-transport chains of the energy and detoxifying systems. The changes occur mainly in iron-sulphur centres and cytochrome P-450 under chemical and viral blastomogenesis in the muscular tissue induced by 3-methyl cholanthrene and Moloney oncornavirus. In the tissue of developing Moloney tumour and spleen kinetics of the formation of triplet signal of nitrosyl complexes is recorded in the region of g-factor of free radicals of semiquinone type and its transformation into singlet signal of EPR with the Moloney sarcoma regression.

[Effect of preparations of unsaturated fatty acids on the lipid component of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes of liver cells in rats following administration of N-nitrosodiethylamine]. / Vliianie preparatov nenasyshchennykh zhirnykh kislot na lipidnyi komponent membran éndoplazmaticheskogo retikuluma kletok pecheni krys pri vvedenii N-nitrozodiétilamina.

The effect of drugs, including unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants, on the lipid composition of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes was studied at early stages of NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. The complexes containing oleic, linoleic, and arachidonic acids and biological antioxidants prevent changes in the fatty acid composition and the lipid bilayer organization of the both membrane fractions of endoplasmic reticulum which are observed after the injection of NDEA alone, and they inhibit the appearance and growth in the liver of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase positive hyperplastic nodules.

[Anti-carcinogenic and anti-blastic effect of vitamin A in various modes of its administration to random-bred rats during carcinogenesis of the mammary gland, induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene]. / Antikantserogennoe i antiblasticheskoe deistvie vitamina A pri razlichenykh rezhimakh ego vvedeniia nelineinym krisam v period kantserogeneza molochnoi zhelezy, indutsirovannogo 7,12-dimetil- benz(a)antratsenom.

The dependence of the anticarcinogenic and antiblastic effect of retinoid on the regime of its inoculation and on the process stage has been established using the 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis of rats. The prophylactic administration of retinoid alone and its therapeutic inoculation against a background of hormonal correction resulted in the most expressed effect that was estimated by the elongation of the latent period, incidence and growth rate of tumours, lifespan of treated animals as well as by the distribution of malignant and benign tumours.

[Prospects for using platinum coordination compounds possessing antitumor activity]. / Perspektivy primeneniia koordinatsionnykh soedinenii platiny, obladaiushchikh protivoopukholevoi aktivnost'iu.

The review presents a complete analysis of studies on experimental and clinical application of platinum complexes with special reference to cis-dichlorodiamminoplatinum, both separately and in combination with other chemotherapeutic preparations. Platinum complexes show their highest antiblastic activity in treatment of ovarian, testicular, lung tumours and those located in the head and neck regions as well as of the bladder cancer and tumours of the other localizations resistant to the action of alkylating agents and other preparations. The clinical material is systematized so that it is possible on the basis of the analysis performed to choose an optimum regime for treating different tumours by platinum complexes.

[Structural dynamic properties of the cell membranes of Ehrlich ascites tumor associated with a polyamine deficiency caused by DL-difluoromethylornithine]. / Strukturno-dinamicheskie svoistva membran kletok astsitnogo raka Erhlikha pri defitsite poliaminov, vyzvannom DL-diftormetilornitinom.

The blocking of polyamine synthesis in cancer cell by a specific inhibitor (DFMO) results in an increase in membrane viscosity and in significant changes in cell deformability as determined by cell penetration through a nuclear filter with given porosity. Almost two-fold reduction of the penetration rate through the filter pores was registered for the DFMO-treated cells in spite of the fact that the cell size decreases after such a treatment. The number of cells penetrating through the filter after DFMO treatment is diminished due to an increasing resistance to penetration. The addition of putrescine to the incubation medium at physiological concentration restores all these parameters to the initial values. The possible association of these changes with differential sensitivity of cancer cells towards the inhibitor action depending on the stage of cell cycles is discussed.

[Coordinative paramagnetic enzyme centers during hormonal carcinogenesis and tumor regression under conditions of hormonal regulation]. / Koordinatsionnye paramagnitnye fermentativnye tsentry pri gormonal'nom kantserogeneze i regressii opukholei v usloviiakh gormonal'noi reguliatsii

The ESR method was employed to study the distribution of the coordinative paramegnetic centers on the energy chain of electron transport and on the detoxifying system during carcinogenesis caused by a disturbance of the normal hormonal balance in the organism and at the tumour regression stage achieved with estrogen - in tumours of the ovary, spleen, liver and adrenals. At various stages of the hormonal carcinogenesis and under hormonal control both quantitative and qualitative changes on the paramagnetic centers were found. The tumour growth on liver and adrenals lowers the level of the catalytic form of the cytochrome P-450 and of the non-heme iron complexes. In metastases of ovarian tumours the kinetics of the triplet signal development is registered. In the tumour and on the liver an antibate change of the intensities of the signal was observed with g-factors of 2,1 and 2,15. At the tumour tissues a shift of the g-factor of free radicals was found - from g=2.005 to g=2.000. When a complete regression of tumours occured under hormonal balance control, the characteristics of the ESR spectra on the liver and adrenals restores to their values on intact tissues.

[Paramagnetic centers during carcinognesis induced by an RNA-containing virus]. / Paramagnitnye tsentry pri kantserogeneze, indutsirovannom RNK-soderzhashchim virusom.

An ESR method was used to investigate the metalloenzyme centres, characteristics of cell energetic and detoxicity systems of models of tumors induced by RNA virus MSV(M) as progressor and regressor of tumor development. Different stages of ESR signal formation and its reverse transformation centres that reflect relations between tumor and organism the iron--sulphur proteins proved to be the most important.

[Iron-sulfur centers and free radicals of the electron transfer chains of mitochondria in chemical and hormonal carcinogenesis]. / Zhelezosernye tsentry i svobodnye radikaly élektrontransportnoi tsepi mitokhondrii pri khimicheskom i gormonal'nom kantserogeneze.

One of the possible reasons for peculiar features of the tumour cell energetics is discussed. Regular variations in the iron-sulphur protein content in the mitochondrial electron transport chains were shown in models of chemical and hormonal carcinogenesis. A decrease in the content of these proteins in the tumoural tissue is found at early stages of malignant growth against a background of higher concentration of free radicals. Irreversible nature of an iron-sulphur protein decrease was observed in the liver and adrenals of tumour-bearing animals both under development of hormonal genesis tumours and at various stages of chemical carcinogenesis. Coming from the results obtained it is suggested that disturbances in the state of iron-sulphur proteins affect the oxidation phosphorylation efficiency and that modification of compensatory mechanism results in the glycolysis activation, which is a characteristic feature of the tumour cell energetics.

[Development and application of an "IR-spectrophotometer-minicomputer" system for determination of steroid hormones in patients with malignant neoplasms]. / Razrabotka i primenenie avtomatizirovannoi sistemy "IK-spektrofotometr-mini-EVM" dlia opredeleniia steroidnykh gormonov u bol'nykh so zlokachestvennymi novoobrazovaniiami.

An automated IR-spectrophotometer-mini-computer system was designed for assay of steroid hormone level. Its application obviates a clinical analysis of urine. The ratio of 17-ketogenic steroids to androsterone was found to be significantly higher in patients with lung cancer than in healthy controls. The system may be used for identification of groups at high risk both during screenings and in oncological clinic.

[The combined chemotherapy with platinum of patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer]. / Kombinirovannaia khimioterapiia s paltinom neoperabel'nykh bol'nykh nemelkokletochnym rakom legkogo.

Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and platinum was performed in 122 patients with stage III-IV squamous-cell cancer and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Control group included 84 cases of non-small-cell lung cancer treated with the same drugs except platinum. Ten patients with stage III disease received platinum-based combination chemotherapy and split-course radiotherapy in the total dose of 65-70 Gy. Complete or partial remission was obtained in 48.6 +/- 11.74% of stage III patients following three cycles of chemotherapy, with mean survival reaching 8.6 +/- 3.2 months. Survival in responders was 10.6 +/- 2.1 months. Chemoradiation treatment was associated with even higher survival (14.6 +/- 2.16 months). It is concluded that platinum be used in combination chemotherapy and chemoradiation treatment of the above categories of patients.

Electron paramagnetic resonance study of tumor affected bone marrow.

To study the mechanism of interaction of tumor cells with bone marrow cells continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments at 9 GHz including a spin trapping of superoxide were carried out. The common features of the EPR spectra in healthy and tumor affected tissues of donors and rats as well as their difference are presented and discussed. It is proposed that labile iron pool plays a significant role in mechanisms of tumor invasion. We hope that the observed EPR features could be used to study the mechanisms of invasion and progression of tumor in different organs.

[Metabolic changes in cells under electromagnetic radiation of mobile communication systems].

Review is devoted to the analysis of biological effects of microwaves. The results of last years' researches indicated the potential risks of long-term low-level microwaves exposure for human health. The analysis of metabolic changes in living cells under the exposure of microwaves from mobile communication systems indicates that this factor is stressful for cells. Among the reproducible effects of low-level microwave radiation are overexpression of heat shock proteins, an increase of reactive oxygen species level, an increase of intracellular Ca2+, damage of DNA, inhibition of DNA reparation, and induction of apoptosis. Extracellular-signal-regulated kinases ERK and stress-related kinases p38MAPK are involved in metabolic changes. Analysis of current data suggests that the concept of exceptionally thermal mechanism of biological effects of microwaves is not correct. In turn, this raises the question of the need to revaluation of modern electromagnetic standards based on thermal effects of non-ionizing radiation on biological systems.