RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Beyond the massive amounts of DNA and genes transferred from the protoorganelle genome to the nucleus during the endosymbiotic event that gave rise to the plastids, stretches of plastid DNA of varying size are still being copied and relocated to the nuclear genome in a process that is ongoing and does not result in the concomitant shrinking of the plastid genome. As a result, plant nuclear genomes feature small, but variable, fraction of their genomes of plastid origin, the so-called nuclear plastid DNA sequences (NUPTs). However, the mechanisms underlying the origin and fixation of NUPTs are not yet fully elucidated and research on the topic has been mostly focused on a limited number of species and of plastid DNA. RESULTS: Here, we leveraged a chromosome-scale version of the genome of the orphan crop Moringa oleifera, which features the largest fraction of plastid DNA in any plant nuclear genome known so far, to gain insights into the mechanisms of origin of NUPTs. For this purpose, we examined the chromosomal distribution and arrangement of NUPTs, we explicitly modeled and tested the correlation between their age and size distribution, we characterized their sites of origin at the chloroplast genome and their sites of insertion at the nuclear one, as well as we investigated their arrangement in clusters. We found a bimodal distribution of NUPT relative ages, which implies NUPTs in moringa were formed through two separate events. Furthermore, NUPTs from every event showed markedly distinctive features, suggesting they originated through distinct mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal an unanticipated complexity of the mechanisms at the origin of NUPTs and of the evolutionary forces behind their fixation and highlight moringa species as an exceptional model to assess the impact of plastid DNA in the evolution of the architecture and function of plant nuclear genomes.
Assuntos
Genomas de Plastídeos , Moringa oleifera , Moringa oleifera/genética , Evolução Molecular , Plastídeos/genética , Genoma de Planta , DNA de Plantas/genética , Plantas/genética , Núcleo Celular/genéticaRESUMO
At the end of 2019, in Wuhan, China, the outbreak of a new coronavirus began and quickly spread throughout the world infecting and claiming thousands of lives. To date, certain comorbidities are known to be risk factors for unsatisfactory disease outcomes, but little has been reported regarding hemodialysis patients despite being a population at high risk of infection, complications, and death. Here we describe the clinical course, clinical manifestations and complications of COVID-19 in seven patients on permanent hemodialysis. We also make recommendations for the management of patients with chronic kidney disease.
A finales del 2019 se inició en Wuhan, China, el brote de un nuevo coronavirus que se dispersó por todo el mundo infectando y cobrando miles de vidas. Se ha encontrado que ciertas comorbilidades constituyen factores de riesgo para resultados poco satisfactorios de la enfermedad, pero es poco lo que se ha descrito sobre pacientes en hemodiálisis, a pesar de tratarse de una población de alto riesgo de infección, complicaciones y muerte. En este artículo se describe el curso clínico, las manifestaciones clínicas y las complicaciones de la COVID-19 en siete pacientes en hemodiálisis permanente y se hacen recomendaciones para el manejo de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica.
Assuntos
Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Diálise Renal , Adulto , Bacteriemia/complicações , COVID-19 , Teste para COVID-19 , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Terapia Combinada , Infecções por Coronavirus/sangue , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Coronavirus/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Falência Renal Crônica/sangue , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/sangue , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/terapia , Diálise Renal/métodos , SARS-CoV-2 , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/complicações , Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19RESUMO
A finales del 2019 se inició en Wuhan, China, el brote de un nuevo coronavirus que se dispersó por todo el mundo infectando y cobrando miles de vidas. Se ha encontrado que ciertas comorbilidades constituyen factores de riesgo para resultados poco satisfactorios de la enfermedad, pero es poco lo que se ha descrito sobre pacientes en hemodiálisis, a pesar de tratarse de una población de alto riesgo de infección, complicaciones y muerte. En este artículo se describe el curso clínico, las manifestaciones clínicas y las complicaciones de la COVID-19 en siete pacientes en hemodiálisis permanente y se hacen recomendaciones para el manejo de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica.
At the end of 2019, in Wuhan, China, the outbreak of a new coronavirus began and quickly spread throughout the world infecting and claiming thousands of lives. To date, certain comorbidities are known to be risk factors for unsatisfactory disease outcomes, but little has been reported regarding hemodialysis patients despite being a population at high risk of infection, complications, and death. Here we describe the clinical course, clinical manifestations and complications of COVID-19 in seven patients on permanent hemodialysis. We also make recommendations for the management of patients with chronic kidney disease.
Assuntos
Diálise Renal , Infecções por Coronavirus , Relatos de Casos , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda GraveRESUMO
Resumen Presentar una serie de casos de COVID-19 con requerimiento de ingreso a Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. La información fue tomada de las historias clínicas, y su evaluación y diagnóstico fue realizado mediante estudios paraclínicos en sangre, orina, PCR e imágenes diagnósticas en 4 pacientes con diferentes comorbilidades y nexo epidemiológico presente para desarrollo de la enfermedad. Los cuatro casos fueron manejados con cloroquina 300 mg vía oral, cada 12 horas, y azitromicina 1 gr vía oral, cada 24 horas, durante 5 días, sin complicaciones ni toxicidad asociada. El caso 1 desarrolló falla orgánica múltiple, incluyendo injuria renal aguda con una estancia en UCI de 4 días antes de su fallecimiento, mientras los casos 2, 3 y 4 tuvieron una evolución favorable y fueron dados de alta de UCI. Se requieren estudios multicéntricos rápidos que orienten científicamente hacia un mejor abordaje diagnóstico y manejo, en el contexto de una enfermedad con un comportamiento clínico-epidemiológico que debe estudiarse en profundidad y que probablemente cobrará muchas vidas; además, debido a la ausencia de pruebas diagnósticas rápidas, la utilización de una clasificación basada en la severidad de lesiones radiológicas llamada CO-RADS (Covid-19 Imaging Reporting and Data System) podría ser de gran importancia para instalar de manera temprana los tratamientos farmacológicos disponibles y la asistencia respiratoria mecánica precoz.
Abstract To present a COVID-19 case series with clinical admission criteria to Intensive Care Unit. Patients information was obtained from medical records, and daily clinical evaluation whereas diagnosis was carried out through paraclinical studies in blood, urine, PCR and diagnostic images in 4 patients with different comorbidities and epidemiological link for the development of COVID-19. All four cases were managed with chloroquine 300 mg orally every 12 hours and azithromycin orally every 24 hours for 5 days without complications or associated toxicity. The case 1 developed multiple organ failure, including acute kidney injury with an ICU stay of 4 days before his death, while cases 2, 3 and 4 had a favorable evolution and were discharged from the ICU. Rapid multicenter studies are required to scientifically guide a better diagnostic and management approach, in the context of a disease with a clinical-epidemiological behavior that must be studied in depth and will probably take many lives. In addition, due to the absence of sufficiently rapid tests, the use of a classification based on the severity of radiological lesions called CO-RADS (Covid-19 Imaging Reporting and Data System) could be of great importance to install available pharmacological treatments early and early mechanical respiratory support.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , COVID-19 , Hospitalização , Pacientes , Colômbia , Cuidados Críticos , Diagnóstico , Unidades de Terapia IntensivaRESUMO
En México la enfermedad renal crónica en la población pediátrica es un grave problema de salud pública. Las alternativas terapéuticas en niños con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) son la diálisis y el trasplante renal (TxR), siendo esta última, la mejor opción terapéutica actual en niños con estadios terminal de la función renal. El objetivo de este manuscrito, fue reportar nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento perioperatorio de pacientes pediátricos sometidos a trasplante renal en bloque. Paciente de sexo femenino, 12 años de edad, originaria de Veracruz, México. Portadora de ERC estadio IV de KDOQI, secundaria a glomerulopatía. Fue programada para TxR en bloque de donante cadavérico pediátrico; el que se realizó bajo anestesia general balanceada, con ventilación mecánica controlada, isquemia fría de 17 hs, isquemia caliente de 30 min y un tiempo quirúrgico de 5 hs y 10 min. El tiempo anestésico total, fue de 6 hs. La paciente fue trasladada a la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica, con adecuada aceptación del injerto renal. Durante los siguientes siete meses, el curso clínico ha sido satisfactorio, con estudios ecotomográficos renales normales. En esta paciente la glomerulonefritis, le ocasionó que debutara a muy corta edad con una enfermedad renal crónica con terapia sustitutiva de hemodiálisis. El trasplante renal en bloque realizado, fue exitoso debido al manejo multidisciplinario que participa en el programa de trasplante renal
In Mexico, chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem in pediatric patients. The therapeutic options for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children are dialysis and kidney transplant (KT); the latter constitutes the current treatment of choice for children suffering from end-stage renal disease. The aim of this study was to describe our experience of perioperative treatment of pediatric patients undergoing en bloc kidney transplant. Female patient, 12 years old, from Veracruz, Mexico, suffering from stage 4 CKD according to KDOQI criteria, secondary to glomerulonephritis. An en bloc kidney transplantarion from a pediatric deceased donor was performed; balanced general anesthesia with mechanical ventilation was used. Cold ischemia time was 17 hours and warm ischemia time was 30 minutes. The surgery lasted 5 hours and 10 minutes and the total anesthesia time was 6 hours. The patient was taken to the pediatric intensive care unit and showed an adequate renal graft acceptance. During the following seven months the clinical course was satisfactory and kidney echotomography showed normal results. Glomerulonephritis made this patient undergo hemodialysis replacement therapy due to CKD at a very early age. The en bloc kidney transplantation performed was successful thanks to the multidisciplinary management involved in the Kidney Transplant Program
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Transplante de Rim , Diálise Renal , Glomerulonefrite/complicaçõesRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, es una entidad frecuente, caracterizada por limitación del flujo aéreo. La aproximación a través de las pruebas de función pulmonar, no es suficiente al evaluar su impacto sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Objetivo: caracterizar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica del Hospital Universitario de Santander. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional de corte transversal. Se empleó el cuestionario para la evaluación de la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud, en pacientes que asistieron al servicio de Neumología del Hospital Universitario de Santander entre agosto del 2011 y marzo del 2012. Se incluyeron medidas auto-notificadas de la condición física y mental, calculando medidas de días saludables. Resultados: se incluyeron 44 personas con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Edad promedio 65,5 (± 10,3) años, 24 (54,5%) hombres, 88% población entre el estrato socioeconómico 1 y 2. El promedio del porcentaje del VEF1 37,17%. Percepción de la salud regular 43% y buena 34%. La Mediana en días de salud física no saludables fue 2,5, salud mental no saludable 0, días de dolor 3, percepción de tristeza 2,5, preocupación 2, insomnio 0, vitalidad 10, índice de días saludables 23 y angustia mental frecuente 18. Conclusiones: los pacientes con EPOC perciben su estado de salud como regular, con un bajo número de días saludables, lo cual se relaciona con un alto impacto en su calidad de vida. MÉD.UIS. 2017;30(2):11-9.
ABSTRACT Introduction: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a frequent entity, characterized by airflow limitation. The approximation using pulmonary function tests is not sufficient when assessing its impact on patients' quality of life. Objective: to characterize health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of the Hospital Universitario de Santander. Materials and methods: an observational cross-sectional study was performed. In the pulmonology department of the Hospital Universitario de Santander. The questionnaire was used for the assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life; self-reported measures of physical and mental condition were included, calculating measures of healthy days. Results: 44 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were included. The average age 65,5 (± 10,3) men, 88% in socioeconomic status 1 or 2. The mean FEV1 percentage of 37.17%. Perceived health: 43% regular and 34% good. The median of physically unhealthy days was 2.5, mentally unhealthy days 0, pain days 3, perception of depression 2.5, anxiety 2, sleeplessness 0, and vitality 10, index of unhealthy days 23.5 and frequent mental distress 18%. Conclusions: patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease perceive their health status as regular, with a low number of healthy days, which is related to a high impact on their quality of life. MÉD.UIS. 2017;30(2):11-9.