Tools used in nursing education to assess attitudes about poverty: An integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the assessment of attitudes about poverty used in nursing education considering the first Sustainable Development Goal targets. Tools assessing attitudes about poverty have been used in nursing education studies to examine the beliefs of nursing students. DESIGN: An integrative literature review was carried out in five international databases in the areas of health and nursing and in four Latin American and Caribbean databases. RESULTS: Four tools were identified, with Attitude Toward Poverty Short Form and Attitudes about Poverty and Poor People being the most used in the studies. Items from tools measured attitudes negative, prejudiced, and stigmatizing about the population living in poverty. In addition, items from tools measured a range of concepts from poverty to social inequality and disenfranchisement. CONCLUSION: The identification of poverty is a critical strategy for tackling poverty. In this sense, poverty assessment tools have the potential to recognize poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon.

Reflective practice and the development of competencies for health promotion in nurses' training.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the insertion in reflective professional practice as a strategy for the development of competencies for health promotion in nurses' training. METHOD: Case study, qualitative approach anchored in the theoretical-methodological framework of the Marxist dialectic. Data were obtained from documents, interviews with graduated students and focus groups with teachers from a nursing higher education institution located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were examined by critical discourse analysis. RESULTS: The most favorable contexts to reflective practice in the development of competencies for health promotion involve the practice of teaching-service-community integration, teacher-student interaction and teamwork. The discourse of early insertion is hegemonically constructed as a social practice of the study scenario. CONCLUSION: The characteristics of the curricular proposal of the study scenario favor the 'learning to do' mediated by experience and reflexivity by mobilizing the development of competencies for health promotion. In addition to insertion, students' immersion in the reality of services generates experiences in a reflective-critical process.

Dehospitalisation at a general hospital in Minas Gerais: challenges and prospects. / A desospitalização em um hospital público geral de Minas Gerais: desafios e possibilidades.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the dehospitalisation process at a general public hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from the perspective of managers, health workers, users and their families. METHODS: This is a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study based on the principles of methodological and theoretical dialectics. The participants were 24 hospital health workers and 15 companions of users going through the process of dehospitalisation. Data were collected from April to June 2015 using semi-structured interviews and a field journal records and subsequently subjected to content analysis. RESULTS: Analysis of the empirical material led to the construction of the following categories: Dehospitalisation: viewpoint of the institution and Family organisation for the dehospitalisation process. CONCLUSION: The study reveals a deficiency in the implementation, systematisation, internal reorganisation and continuity of care after dehospitalisation. Current dehospitalisation strategies do not favour comprehensiveness and continuity of home care.

Home care organization with the Better at Home Program. / Organização da atenção domiciliar com o Programa Melhor em Casa.

OBJECTIVE To understand the home healthcare organization modes in the context of healthcare delivered by the municipalities that have joined a Program entitled Better at Home. METHODS A multicenter qualitative study. Data collection performed in 12 municipalities, from February of 2014 to July of 2015, through semi-structured interviews with 12 Homecare Services coordinators and six managers. Content analysis was used as a method of data processing. RESULTS Two categories of analysis have emerged: Supply management regulated by political and administrative demands, previous experiences and local health profile; and Modes of organization mediated by users' needs. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the significant progress observed in homecare organization modes stems from the integration of management and care aspects. It is highlighted that this substitutive care modality may enhance the effectiveness of the services, reducing fragmentation and solvability of the health needs.

Reflective practice of nurse residents in the teaching-learning process in teaching hospitals.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze reflective practice in the teaching-learning process of nurses in residency programs in teaching hospitals in Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Case study, based on the reflective practice framework, conducted in two teaching hospitals. Observation and interviews were conducted with first and second-year residents, and five participants were included for in-depth analysis, with their data subjected to frequency distribution analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis. RESULTS: In 519 observed activities, elements of reflection were identified in 22.2%, especially active listening and expression of doubts. Discourses indicated practice as the best moment for teaching-learning due to its potential to generate reflections. Learning by doing and case discussion were considered potential strategies for reflective learning. CONCLUSION: Know-in-action reflection was evidenced as the predominant formative aspect for residents, with few opportunities for reflection on reflection-in-action.

Educational actions conducted during the pandemic with primary health care professionals: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: to map the educational actions conducted with primary health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: a scoping review conducted in August 2023, which covered databases such as CINAHL, Medline, LILACS, IBECS, BDENF, and Web of Science. In total, 32 publications were analyzed through content analysis. RESULTS: the primary beneficiaries of the educational actions included 69% physicians, 56% nurses, 25% pharmacists, 13% social workers and dentists, 9% psychologists, community health agents, and laboratory professionals, and 6% nursing technicians, nutritionists, and physical educators. The predominant educational interventions were training sessions (mentioned in 19 publications), followed by Continuing Health Education (10 publications) and Continuing Education (three publications). FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the educational interventions demonstrated positive impacts on professional practice, particularly the Continuing Health Education actions, which were notable for stimulating critical problem-solving among professionals.

Primary Health Care in transitional care of people with stroke.

OBJECTIVES: to understand the role of Primary Health Care teams in caring for people with stroke after hospital discharge. METHODS: single case study, with integrated units of analysis, with a qualitative approach. Data triangulation occurred through interviews with professionals and family caregivers involved in transition of care, in addition to direct observations in rounds and document analysis. For the analyses, the analytical strategies of theoretical propositions and construction of explanations were used, with the help of ATLAS.ti®. RESULTS: the importance of counter-referral, the role of community health workers and the multidisciplinary team, health promotion, secondary prevention, home visits as a visceral attribute and nurses as care managers are evident. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the high demand on teams and the Social Determinants of Health interfere with adequate continuity of care. Transitional care programs that enable continuity of care are recommended.

Impact of climate change on maternal health outcomes: An evidence gap map review.

Climate change poses unique challenges to maternal well-being and increases complications during pregnancy and childbirth globally. This evidence gap map (EGM) aims to identify gaps in existing knowledge and areas where further research related to climate change and its impact on maternal health is required. The following databases were searched individually from inception to present: Medline, EMBASE, and Global Health via OVID; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) via EBSCOhost; Scopus; and organizational websites. In this EGM, we integrated 133 studies published in English, including qualitative, quantitative, reviews and grey literature that examined the impact of climate change on maternal health (women aged 15-45). We used Covidence to screen studies and Evidence for Policy and Practice Information (Eppi reviewer)/Eppi Mapper software to generate the EGM. Data extraction and qualitative appraisal of the studies was done using critical appraisal tools. The study protocol was registered in International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY) # INPLASY202370085. Out of 133 included studies, forty seven studies were of high quality, seventy nine moderate equality and seven low quality. This EGM found notable gaps in the literature regarding the distribution of research across regions. We found significant research in North America (51) and Asia (40 studies). However, Africa and the Caribbean had fewer studies, highlighting potential disparities in research attention and resources. Moreover, while the impact of extreme heat emerged as a prominent factor impacting maternal well-being, there is a need for further investigation into other climate-related factors such as drought. Additionally, while preterm stillbirth and maternal mortality have gained attention, there is an overlook of malnutrition and food insecurity indicators that require attention in future research. The EGM identifies existing research gaps in climate change and maternal health. It emphasizes the need for global collaboration and targeted interventions to address disparities and inform climate-responsive policies.

Impact of climate change on child outcomes: an evidence gap map review.

BACKGROUND: Climate change and extreme weather events significantly threaten neonatal and child health. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on the impact of climate change on child health, using the evidence gap map (EGM) to address knowledge gaps and establish a foundation for evidence-based interventions and future research. METHOD: From inception, academic databases (such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL and Scopus) and grey literature were systematically searched. We included climate change-related studies involving children aged 0-5 worldwide. Covidence facilitated a rigorous screening process, and we conducted a critical appraisal. Two independent reviewers handled screening and data extraction. Eligible studies underwent coding and extraction using Evidence for Policy and Practice Information (EPPI) reviewer software. The EGM was constructed using EPPI Mapper, and comprehensive findings were presented through live links and figures. RESULT: We identified 196 studies, comprising 59.2% children and 40.8% neonates, with diverse research approaches, including 94% quantitative studies. There has been a notable increase in research publications over the past 5 years. Evidence is heavily concentrated in Asia (93 studies) and Africa (47 studies). The most frequently studied exposures are those related to extreme climate events, followed by drought and floods. However, there are gaps in the study of extreme cold and storms. The significant outcomes comprised preterm birth (55 studies), low birth weight (27 studies), malnutrition (59 studies) and diarrhoeal diseases (28 studies). Evidence on mental health problems and congenital disabilities receives relatively less attention. CONCLUSION: This EGM is crucial for researchers, policymakers and practitioners. It highlights knowledge gaps and guides future research to address the evolving threats of climate change to global child health. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202370086.

[Organization of the health system from the perspective of home care professionals]. / Organização das redes de atenção à saúde na perspectiva de profissionais da atenção domiciliar.

The aim of this qualitative case study is to analyze how the health system is organized from the perspective of homecare professionals. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews with seven professionals that provide home healthcare services. Content analysis revealed the following empirical categories: Perception of home care professionals in relation to their work and the health system; Difficulties in articulating the Home Care Program with other services of the health system; and, Opportunities to articulate the various health services with the Home Care Program. Results indicate that the work conducted in the Home Care Program significantly interfaces with other health service programs, and is considered important to implement principles of the National Health Service.

[Expansion of undergraduate courses in nursing: dilemmas and contradictions facing the labor market]. / Expansão dos cursos de graduação em enfermagem: dilemas e contradições frente ao mercado de trabalho.

We sought to analyze, from the perspective of professors and students, the reasons and consequences of the expansion of undergraduate courses in nursing, discussing the dilemmas and the contradictions confronting the labor market. It was a qualitative study with data obtained from focus groups, conducted in 18 undergraduate nursing courses in the state of Minas Gerais, during the period of February to October of 2011. The narratives were submitted to critical discourse analysis. The results indicated that the education of the nurse was permeated by insecurity as to the future integration into the labor market. The insecurity translates into dilemmas that referred to employability and the precariousness of the working conditions. In this context, employment in the family health strategy emerges as a mirage. One glimpses the need for a political agenda with the purpose of discussion about education, the labor market and the determinants of these processes.

The history of obstetric nurses' professional training of in Minas Gerais (1957-1999): a genealogical analysis.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze obstetric nurses' professional training in Minas Gerais between 1957 and 1999, according to genealogical principles. METHODS: a qualitative interpretative study based on historical research with genealogical analysis. Data were obtained through documentary research and oral history, with six participants, and submitted to discourse analysis. RESULTS: they recompose the genealogical path of obstetric nurses' professional training from Minas. The speeches reveal field of practice deprivation in professional training and the importance of the articulation between the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Nursing School and Hospital Sofia Feldman for teaching and work in obstetric nursing. It was identified that training, in the national scenario, evolved from a Escola de Enfermagem Carlos Chagas' peripheral initiative to centrality and capillarity. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the unique historical trajectory of obstetric nurses' professional training in Minas Gerais, marked by ruptures, institutional articulations, conflicting games and interest, was unveiled.

Teaching strategies to develop skills to address social inequalities in nursing education: A scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: to identify teaching strategies for developing skills to address social inequalities in nursing education. DESIGN: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a scoping review was performed to answer the following research question: "What are the teaching strategies employed to develop nurses' skills to address social inequalities?" DATA SOURCES: Bibliographical search was conducted seven electronic databases until December 29, 2020, and updated on March 25, 2022. Papers published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish on competence and professional practice, social inequality, education/training, and nursing were included. REVIEW METHODS: Seven reviewers screened the articles by reading titles and abstracts. Studies on teaching strategies used to develop nurses' skills to address social inequalities were included. Of the 1137 articles found, 61 were selected by the first screening, and 23 were included in the final sample. Data were analyzed and summarized as a narrative. RESULTS: The included papers were published between 2000 and 2020, predominantly in the United States. Curricular and learning strategies, including service, experience, and interactive, were the most common, followed by university programs and civil society initiatives. Courses, classes, debates, and practical activities predominated as teaching activities. Teaching techniques focus on resources such as posters, videos, workshops, and seminars. CONCLUSIONS: This review identified teaching strategies used to develop nurses' skills to address social inequalities. Curricular initiatives, learning strategies, university programs and civil society initiatives can expand students' understanding of social inequalities and be used to develop skills.

Telehealth and telemedicine in the management of adult patients after hospitalization for COPD exacerbation: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: A substantial number of people with COPD suffer from exacerbations, which are defined as an acute worsening of respiratory symptoms. To minimize exacerbations, telehealth has emerged as an alternative to improve clinical management, access to health care, and support for self-management. Our objective was to map the evidence of telehealth/telemedicine for the monitoring of adult COPD patients after hospitalization due to an exacerbation. METHODS: Bibliographic search was carried in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde/LILACS and Cochrane Library databases to identify articles describing telehealth and telemonitoring strategies in Portuguese, English, or Spanish published by December of 2021. RESULTS: Thirty-nine articles, using the following concepts (number of articles), were included in this review: telehealth (21); telemonitoring (20); telemedicine (17); teleconsultation (5); teleassistance (4); telehomecare and telerehabilitation (3 each); telecommunication and mobile health (2 each); and e-health management, e-coach, telehome, telehealth care and televideo consultation (1 each). All these concepts describe strategies which use telephone and/or video calls for coaching, data monitoring, and health education leading to self-management or self-care, focusing on providing remote integrated home care with or without telemetry devices. CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrated that telehealth/telemedicine in combination with telemonitoring can be an interesting strategy to benefit COPD patients after discharge from hospitalization for an exacerbation, by improving their quality of life and reducing re-hospitalizations, admissions to emergency services, hospital length of stay, and health care costs.

[Health promotion education in the context of primary care]. / Educação para a promoção da saúde no contexto da atenção primária.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the educational initiatives carried out in basic health units in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, follows the principles of health promotion. METHODS: This descriptive study examined 33 educational health promotion initiatives to determine whether they were guided by five principles, used as categories of analysis: multicausality of the health-disease process, intersectoriality, social engagement, sustainability, and use of dialogic teaching methods (active participation of subjects in the learning process, planning the activity to generate new knowledge, and use of various teaching strategies). Structured observation was used for data collection. The frequency of each category was evaluated in each initiative. RESULTS: Multicausality was the most frequent category observed (73.0%), and intersectoriality the least frequent (9.0%). Regarding the use of dialogic methods, 38.0% of the initiatives promoted the active engagement of subjects, 6.0% promoted knowledge generation, and 40.0% employed a variety of teaching strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Most educational initiatives were not actively oriented toward health promotion, understood as the strengthening of autonomy and self-management of health processes, social engagement, and employment of dialogic teaching approaches. However, some progress has been made moving away from hegemonic models of education in primary health care.

Let it not be that nursing that asks for silence: participation in social movements and sociopolitical-emancipatory knowledge.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the expression of sociopolitical-emancipatory knowledge, based on the participation of women-nurses in social movements, and the implications for nursing care. METHODS: a research-interference, whose data were obtained from narrative interviews with six women-nurses inserted in social movements and with political representation. Data were submitted to discourse analysis, based on Michel Foucault. RESULTS: women-nurses' social and political involvement is driven by the contexts of life and work, marked by gender inequalities. Ability to criticize oneself, the profession and health policies and practices are presented as expressions of sociopolitical-emancipatory knowledge. Nursing care is conceived as a political practice that, influenced by learning from social movements, must go through a denial of the historically performed form. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: participation in social movements triggers sociopolitical-emancipatory knowledge, resulting in differentiated care, a way of acting oriented towards reducing inequalities.

Discourses on technologies in home care: contributions between innovating, inventing, and investing.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the discourses of health professionals about technologies in home care. METHOD: Qualitative research conducted in four public home care services in Minas Gerais. Data obtained from interviews with 52 professionals submitted to Critical Discourse Analysis. Results: The results indicate the functional and economic-financial discourse about the technologies. The economic discourse is dominant and reveals the contradiction between investing in high-cost equipment and the insufficiency of basic inputs for care. There is a tendency to reproduce hospital-centered logic with high technological density. The inventiveness and a process of adaptation at home are evidenced. CONCLUSION: The discourses of health professionals indicate that the circumstances of home care are determinants of the adaptations and improvisations that occur in this context and are due to the contradictions between innovating, inventing, and investing in technologies in home care.

Association between biopsychosocial factors and self-reported COVID-19 clinical complications in a Brazilian city.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the existence of an association between the biopsychosocial profile of people affected and the number of self-reported clinical complications from COVID-19 in a Brazilian city. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional (baseline) study, nested in a cohort study, carried out with 217 confirmed cases of COVID-19, interviewed from January to October 2021, during home visits, in a city in the south of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A structured questionnaire with the KoboToolbox resource was used. The independent variables were sociodemographic and clinical profile (comorbidities), quality of life, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depression, and social support. The dependent variable was the number of self-reported clinical complications from COVID-19. The multivariate linear regression technique was adopted for the analyses. RESULTS: The participants reported multiple clinical complications from COVID-19. There were "four or more" complications in 94.6% of the cases. Having a history of high blood pressure was associated with more complications post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas having a caregiver and presenting with post-traumatic stress were associated with fewer COVID-19 complications. CONCLUSION: The multisystemic nature of the complications caused by COVID-19 and the associations identified emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to patients and for studies that monitor the effects of the disease on the demands placed on health systems, aiming to better understand and address them.

The National Student Performance Examination and the quality of Brazilian higher education in health. / Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes e a qualidade do ensino superior em saúde brasileiro.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze higher education in the health area in Brazil according to the results of the students' performance in the 2019 National Student Performance Examination. METHOD: a cross-sectional and retrospective study with a quantitative approach and online data referring to 192,715 students from 3,712 health courses, collected in 2020. The students' performance was expressed in concepts, ordered on a scale of one to five. Box-plots were prepared, prevalence values of the concepts were estimated, and the differences were evaluated through statistical tests (α=5%) according to the administrative and management characteristics, as well as those of the cities where the courses were offered. RESULTS: there was a satisfactory level of higher education in health (70.0% with a score ≥3). The Medicine courses were the most satisfactorily evaluated while Speech Therapy and Nursing obtained the worst scores. Public, face-to-face and university education were associated with better teaching quality. Lower levels were found in the North region states, in small towns, outside metropolitan areas and in those under private management. CONCLUSION: heterogeneity in the quality of higher education across the health courses was verified, indicating its association with the characteristics of the teaching institutions and with the infrastructure of the cities where the courses are offered, pointing out challenges to the quality of health education in Brazil.

Nursing as a supportive partner of the Brazilian National Health System. / A enfermagem como parceira solidária do Sistema Único de Saúde.

This article is based on the authors' reflections from following the successive accumulations of the Brazilian National Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). We present our evaluation of the SUS, emphasizing what we consider to be the utmost progresses, recognizing the need to reaffirm a present agenda of political and social commitments for the System. We defend that Brazilian nursing, with the processes of professionalizing its workers, is a strong partner of the SUS.