Giant Phyllodes Tumor in Ectopic Breast Tissue.

Breast masses are uncommon in children and adolescents. Ectopic breast tissue is further uncommon and may be present in locations such as the face, back, and thigh. A 12-year-old female child presented with a hard, nonmobile lump in the right breast. On exploration by submammary incision, the lump was found to be below the pectoralis major muscle and had no communication with the overlying orthotopic breast tissue. Histopathological examination revealed a well-encapsulated biphasic lesion, with features characteristic of a phyllodes tumor. We report a hitherto unreported case of aberrant breast tissue lying under the pectoralis muscle and containing phyllodes tumor.

Hepatoblastoma with Precocious Puberty.

Hepatoblastoma (HB), a primary liver tumor of childhood, is often accompanied by raised levels of alpha-fetoprotein (α-FP). Rarely, the beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG) levels may also be elevated, which can cause peripheral precocious puberty (PPP). We report a case of HB with precocious puberty wherein hormonal assays showed an increase in α-FP, ß-hCG, and testosterone levels, and suppression of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone levels. After chemotherapy and surgery, α-FP, ß-hCG, and testosterone levels normalized, and the signs of virilization did not progress further. New therapeutic approaches have made a previously reported grim prognosis of virilizing HB, more favorable now. In the assessment of PPP, the possibility of a tumoral source for the hormones should also be considered.

Choroid plexus cysts-antenatal course and postnatal outcome in a tertiary hospital in North India.

PURPOSE: To assess the gestational course and postnatal outcome of antenatally diagnosed choroid plexus cysts. METHODS: From January 2015 to October 2017, mothers carrying foetuses with choroid plexus cysts (CPCs) were followed up prospectively till delivery, and subsequent postnatal assessment of all the babies was done. Progress of the lesions was monitored during pregnancy with ultrasound (USG) scans and postnatally analysed with clinical assessment and USG examination of the cranium. RESULTS: A total of 67 mothers of antenatally diagnosed CPCs were referred to the Paediatric Surgery Unit for opinion. Mean gestational age at the time of diagnosis was 19 ± 2.1 weeks (17-28 weeks) while mean age of the mothers at the time of referral was 26 ± 3.3 years (19-35 years). Sixty four mothers have undergone repeat antenatal scans after the diagnosis, and the CPCs disappeared completely in 60 (93.8%) of them. The CPCs persisted but reduced in size in 2 (4.1%), and the other 2 have been lost to follow-up. Thirty eight patients (56.7%) have unilateral CPCs. Mean size of cysts is 6.08 ± 3.0 mm (2.4­14.8 mm). One foetus, in which the CPC disappeared antenatally, developed it again on the postnatal scans, but is doing well on follow-up. Thirteen babies (19.4%) have other associated congenital malformations as well. CONCLUSIONS: CPCs may involve one or both ventricles and disappear in approximately 95% of the cases, mostly within 2 months from the diagnosis. The size of the cyst has no relation to its rate of disappearance. Postnatal persistence of CPCs is uncommon and the neurological sequel is unlikely; hence, prospective parents should be reassured accordingly.