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1.
J Pers Assess ; 103(2): 204-213, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31995393

RESUMO

In the current study, we used a sample of predominantly African-American women with high rates of trauma exposure (N = 434) to examine psychometric properties of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form (PID-5-BF). We compared model fit between a model with five correlated latent factors and a higher-order model in which the five latent factors were used to estimate a single "general pathology" factor. Additionally, we computed estimates of internal consistency and domain interrelations and examined indices of convergent/discriminant validity of the PID-5-BF domains by examining their relations to relevant criterion variables. The expected five-factor structure demonstrated good fit indices in a confirmatory factor analysis, and the more parsimonious, higher-order model was retained. Within this higher-order model, the first-order factors accounted for more variance in the criterion variables than the general pathology factor in most instances. The PID-5-BF domains were highly interrelated (rs = .38 to .66), and convergent/discriminant validity of the domains varied: Negative Affectivity and Detachment generally showed the hypothesized pattern of relations with external criteria, while Antagonism and Disinhibition displayed less consistent and discriminant relations. Results are discussed in terms of the costs and benefits of using brief pathological trait measures in samples characterized by high levels of psychopathology.


Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Inventário de Personalidade/normas , Adulto , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Humanos , Comportamento Problema , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estresse Psicológico/diagnóstico
2.
J Pers Assess ; 101(1): 4-15, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29087223

RESUMO

Given advantages of freely available and modifiable measures, an increase in the use of measures developed from the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP), including the 300-item representation of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992a ) has occurred. The focus of this study was to use item response theory to develop a 60-item, IPIP-based measure of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) that provides equal representation of the FFM facets and to test the reliability and convergent and criterion validity of this measure compared to the NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). In an undergraduate sample (n = 359), scores from the NEO-FFI and IPIP-NEO-60 demonstrated good reliability and convergent validity with the NEO PI-R and IPIP-NEO-300. Additionally, across criterion variables in the undergraduate sample as well as a community-based sample (n = 757), the NEO-FFI and IPIP-NEO-60 demonstrated similar nomological networks across a wide range of external variables (rICC = .96). Finally, as expected, in an MTurk sample the IPIP-NEO-60 demonstrated advantages over the Big Five Inventory-2 (Soto & John, 2017 ; n = 342) with regard to the Agreeableness domain content. The results suggest strong reliability and validity of the IPIP-NEO-60 scores.


Assuntos
Determinação da Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Inventário de Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Personalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Coleta de Dados , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudantes , Adulto Jovem
3.
J Pers ; 86(3): 422-434, 2018 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28509415

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Theoretical conceptions of narcissism have long been characterized by two seemingly opposing poles: grandiosity and vulnerability. The goal of the current study was to investigate the extent to which traits associated with one profile are perceived to co-occur with the other within an individual. METHOD: Lay raters (N = 862; 56% female; 80% Caucasian; Mage = 37) recruited from Amazon's MTurk were assigned to one of four conditions in which they rated how often a series of narcissistic traits were displayed by a prototypical grandiose narcissist, a vulnerable narcissist, a close friend, or themselves. Vulnerable narcissism items were specifically worded to assess internalizing- versus externalizing-based emotional responses. RESULTS: Results suggest that grandiosely narcissistic individuals are seen as responding angrily to ego-threatening situations, whereas vulnerably narcissistic individuals are seen as responding with a broader array of negative emotions, including anger, sadness, and shame. In contrast, vulnerably narcissistic individuals were not rated as consistently demonstrating behaviors, attitudes, or cognitions associated with grandiose narcissism. CONCLUSIONS: Grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic individuals both exhibit anger in response to ego threat, but sadness/shame responses are more characteristic of vulnerable narcissism.


Assuntos
Afeto/fisiologia , Ego , Relações Interpessoais , Narcisismo , Personalidade/fisiologia , Adulto , Mecanismos de Defesa , Emoções/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
4.
J Pers ; 86(2): 186-199, 2018 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28170100

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Increasing attention has been paid to the distinction between the dimensions of narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability. We examine the degree to which basic traits underlie vulnerable narcissism, with a particular emphasis on the importance of Neuroticism and Agreeableness. METHOD: Across four samples (undergraduate, online community, clinical-community), we conduct dominance analyses to partition the variance predicted in vulnerable narcissism by the Five-Factor Model personality domains, as well as compare the empirical profiles generated by vulnerable narcissism and Neuroticism. RESULTS: These analyses demonstrate that the lion's share of variance is explained by Neuroticism (65%) and Agreeableness (19%). Similarity analyses were also conducted in which the extent to which vulnerable narcissism and Neuroticism share similar empirical networks was tested using an array of criteria, including self-, informant, and thin slice ratings of personality; interview-based ratings of personality disorder and pathological traits; and self-ratings of adverse events and functional outcomes. The empirical correlates of vulnerable narcissism and Neuroticism were nearly identical (MrICC = .94). Partial analyses demonstrated that the variance in vulnerable narcissism not shared with Neuroticism is largely specific to disagreeableness-related traits such as distrustfulness and grandiosity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate the parsimony of using basic personality to study personality pathology and have implications for how vulnerable narcissism might be approached clinically.


Assuntos
Narcisismo , Neuroticismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Agressão , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Personalidade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Estudantes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Universidades , Adulto Jovem
5.
J Nerv Ment Dis ; 204(1): 49-56, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26588083

RESUMO

Proposed for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) was a five-domain, 25-dimensional trait model that would have constituted a significant part of the diagnostic criteria for each personality disorder. A primary concern with respect to the proposal was that clinicians might find such an approach to be unacceptable. This study provides results from three independent data collections that compared clinicians' clinical utility ratings for each iteration of the DSM-5 dimensional trait assignments, along with an alternative list of traits derived from the Five Factor Form (FFF). The clinicians considered the final trait assignments that were posted for the avoidant, narcissistic, obsessive-compulsive, and schizoid personality disorders to be significantly less acceptable than the original assignments. They also considered the FFF trait assignments to be preferable to the DSM-5 final postings with respect to the avoidant, narcissistic, obsessive-compulsive, dependent, and histrionic personality disorders. The implications of these results for future editions of the diagnostic manual are discussed.


Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Transtornos da Personalidade/classificação , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Personalidade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
6.
Personal Disord ; 15(2): 110-121, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38095995

RESUMO

Personality impairment is a core feature of personality disorders in both current (i.e., Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition [DSM-5] personality disorders, International Classification of Diseases,11th revision personality disorders) and emerging (i.e., DSM-5's alternative model of personality disorders) models of psychopathology. Yet, despite its importance within clinical nosology, attempts to identify its optimal lower-order structure have yielded inconsistent findings. Given its presence in diagnostic models, it is important to better understand its empirical structure across a variety of instantiations. To the degree that impairment is multifaceted, various factors may have different nomological networks and varied implications for assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. Therefore, participants were recruited from two large public universities in the present preregistered study (N = 574) to explore the construct's structure with exploratory "bass-ackward" factor analyses at the item level. Participants completed over 250 items from six commonly used measures of personality dysfunction. Criterion variables in its nomological network were also collected (e.g., general and pathological personality traits, internalizing/externalizing behavior, and personality disorders) using both self- and informant-reports. These factor analyses identified four lower-order facets of impairment (i.e., negative self-regard, disagreeableness, intimacy problems, and lack of direction), all of which showed moderate to strong overlap with traits from both general and pathological models of personality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Transtornos da Personalidade , Personalidade , Humanos , Inventário de Personalidade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais
7.
Personal Disord ; 2024 Aug 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39146064

RESUMO

The objective of this preregistered study was to gather evidence on training and clinical experiences offered by clinical psychology doctoral programs on the treatment of antagonism-a construct from the personality and psychopathology literature that captures individual differences in aggressiveness, callousness, grandiosity, domineering, and manipulativeness. We surveyed current graduate students (N = 376) in APA-accredited clinical psychology doctoral programs (Mage = 28.4; 83.2% female; 65.2% White) about their experiences in training and treatment of antagonistic patients (ANT-patients) as well as experiences with patients with predominant negative affect (NA; e.g., anxious and depressed). Students reported significantly less training to treat antagonism compared to NA (|ds| = 0.43-2.88), as well as lower rates of direct clinical experience, generally poorer treatment experiences, and stronger countertransference reactions (|ds| = 0.53-1.40). These discrepancies were especially large for adult-focused students compared to child/adolescent-focused students. In fact, adult-focused students reported a mean competency rating of M = 1.71, between the scalar points not competent at all (1) and a little bit competent (2). Overall, these results indicate a lack of training and competence to treat antagonism among current graduate students, especially adult-focused students. We believe the crux of this issue is a field-wide lack of robust empirical work on antagonism treatments (for adults). Moving forward, we implore researchers and funding agencies to help address this substantial gap, which is both an ethical and practical imperative. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

8.
Assessment ; 31(1): 168-190, 2024 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37322848

RESUMO

The current review describes updated information on the evidence-based assessment of substance use disorder. We offer an overview of the state of the science for substance-related assessment targets, instruments (screening, diagnosis, outcome and treatment monitoring, and psychosocial functioning and wellbeing) and processes (relational and technical) as well as recommendations for each of these three components. We encourage assessors to reflect on their own biases, beliefs, and values, including how those relate to people that use substances, and to view the individual as a whole person. It is important to consider a person's profile of symptoms and functioning inclusive of strengths, comorbidities, and social and cultural determinants. Collaborating with the patient to select the assessment target that best fits their goals and integration of assessment information in a holistic manner is critical. We conclude by providing recommendations for assessment targets, instruments, and processes as well as recommendations for comprehensive substance use disorder assessment, and describe future directions for research.


Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnóstico , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências
9.
Assessment ; 30(8): 2626-2643, 2023 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36129155

RESUMO

This study examines the congruency between the recently introduced Dark Factor of Personality (D) and Antagonism (A; low Agreeableness) from the Five-Factor Model of personality. Using two samples (Ns of 365 and 600), we examined simple zero-order correlations between D and A (rs of .69 and .64). In addition, we used a range of relevant external criteria (e.g., antisocial behavior, aggression, domains and facets of personality, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM] personality disorders [PDs], impulsivity, and political skill) to examine the degree of absolute similarity in the relations that D and A bear to these criteria. These similarity coefficients were then compared with the similarities produced by measures of constructs different from D and A but similar among themselves (i.e., psychopathy and narcissism in both samples, plus depression in Sample 1). The degree of similarity between D and A (rICCs = .96 and .93) is consistent with what is observed between other measures of the same construct. We conclude that D and A yield largely identical empirical correlates and thus likely represents an instance of the jangle fallacy. We believe that future efforts would be better spent furthering the literature around the well-established Agreeableness versus Antagonism construct.


Assuntos
Maquiavelismo , Personalidade , Humanos , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Narcisismo
10.
Psychol Serv ; 2023 Jun 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37358554

RESUMO

We surveyed N = 84 mental health care providers (i.e., psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers) working across two Veterans Affairs health care sites about their experiences working with Veteran patients with antagonism-based clinical presentations (e.g., callous, aggressive, grandiose features), as well as negative affect-based clinical presentations (e.g., depressive, anxious, self-conscious features). Providers reported on aspects of these clinical interactions, including assessments and interventions used, treatment outcomes, interpersonal experiences, and training and preparedness to treat this type of presentation in the future. Compared to treatment experiences with patients with predominant negative affect, providers reported that treatment experiences with antagonistic (ANT) patients tended to be shorter (d = -.60), less effective at improving psychological functioning (d = -.61), more emotionally draining (d = 1.03), and more often marked by relationship ruptures (instance of ≥1 rupture = 72.6% vs. 15.5%). Providers also reported less professional training to treat antagonism (d = -1.56) and less preparedness to treat ANT patients in the future (d = -1.81). These results highlight the important role of patient characteristics in providers' experiences and underscore the need for more training and resources to support mental health providers working with ANT patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

11.
J Pers Disord ; 37(2): 131-155, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37002934

RESUMO

Changes in narcissistic traits (e.g., entitlement) following the ceremonial use of ayahuasca were examined across three timepoints (baseline, postretreat, 3-month follow-up) in a sample of 314 adults using self- and informant-report (N = 110) measures. Following ceremonial use of ayahuasca, self-reported changes in narcissism were observed (i.e., decreases in Narcissistic Personality Inventory [NPI] Entitlement-Exploitativeness, increases in NPI Leadership Authority, decreases in a proxy measure of narcissistic personality disorder [NPD]). However, effect size changes were small, results were somewhat mixed across convergent measures, and no significant changes were observed by informants. The present study provides modest and qualified support for adaptive change in narcissistic antagonism up to 3 months following ceremony experiences, suggesting some potential for treatment efficacy. However, meaningful changes in narcissism were not observed. More research would be needed to adequately evaluate the relevance of psychedelic-assisted therapy for narcissistic traits, particularly studies examining individuals with higher antagonism and involving antagonism-focused therapeutic approaches.


Assuntos
Banisteriopsis , Humanos , Adulto , Inventário de Personalidade , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/tratamento farmacológico , Autorrelato , Narcisismo , Personalidade
12.
J Pers Disord ; 37(4): 383-405, 2023 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37721782

RESUMO

Research has challenged the assumption that personality pathology is "ego-syntonic" or perceived favorably and consistent with one's self-image. The present study employed a community sample (n = 401) to examine relations between self-rated maladaptive personality and liking of maladaptive traits in self and others as well as meta-perception of personality pathology (i.e., how likable participants believe others find maladaptive traits). In general, individuals with higher self-rated maladaptive traits provided higher ratings of the likability of these traits in themselves and others. However, as hypothesized, comparison of liking ratings for high scorers and the rest of the sample revealed that individuals who score high on most pathological personality traits do not "like" these traits (or rate others as "liking" them) but simply dislike them less. Results support a dimensional view of ego-syntonicity.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Personalidade , Personalidade , Humanos , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Emoções , Percepção , Ego
13.
Personal Disord ; 13(4): 325-327, 2022 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35787114

RESUMO

The alternative model of personality disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), introduced in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, represents a significant advancement in our understanding of personality disorders. Despite this advancement, nearly 10 years after its introduction, considerable debate remains regarding the conceptualization, operationalization, and ultimately the utility of personality impairment (i.e., Criterion A). Morey et al. (2022) review the impetus for, conceptualization of, the current state of our understanding of Criterion A, and conclude that Criterion A is a valid and clinically useful component of the alternative model of personality disorder. In our commentary, we present a more pessimistic view and review literature critical of Criterion A not included in the main text of their review. We conclude that Criterion A, as currently operationalized by the Level of Personality Functioning Scale, does not provide the functionality or utility as suggested by Morey and colleagues in their review. Instead, we suggest that pathological traits are well-positioned to capture severity of dysfunction and likely carry the most clinically useful information. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Transtornos da Personalidade , Personalidade , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Humanos , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Fenótipo , Projetos de Pesquisa
14.
Personal Disord ; 13(3): 245-253, 2022 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34398632

RESUMO

Despite clinical theory suggesting that individuals are largely unaware of personality-related problems (Gallrein et al., 2013; Oltmanns & Powers, 2012); work in this area shows that individuals possess insight into their pathological traits and the impairment they may cause. Individuals generally dislike pathological traits and desire change in the direction of greater adaptivity (Lamkin et al., 2018; Miller et al., 2018). Individuals may also be able to make small, intentional changes in some personality domains (e.g., neuroticism; Hudson & Fraley, 2015; Hudson & Roberts, 2014) but not others (no positive change in conscientiousness or agreeableness). It remains unclear why many individuals exhibit relatively little change in their pathological traits (e.g., antagonism), given their awareness of the problems these traits cause and their desire for change. The goal of the present study was to explore the relation between personality disorder (PD) traits and desire for change, perceived impairment and benefits, and barriers to change among an online sample (N = 497). Findings suggest that most individuals were uninterested in changing their trait levels; however, individuals with elevated PD traits were more interested in change than those with lower levels. Pathological traits were generally perceived as impairing rather than beneficial; however, mean level analyses revealed similar levels of perceived impairment and benefits for those relatively high on antagonism. Individuals reported that personality change was stymied in part because it was too hard, they were unmotivated to make the changes, or they did not know how to go about making such changes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Transtornos da Personalidade , Personalidade , Hostilidade , Humanos , Neuroticismo , Inventário de Personalidade
15.
J Anxiety Disord ; 88: 102558, 2022 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35378368

RESUMO

There is debate about the validity of the complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) diagnosis and whether disturbances in self-organization (DSO) in CPTSD can be differentiated from borderline personality disorder (BPD). How PTSD is defined may matter. The present study used exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) to replicate and extend prior work by including two models to examine how PTSD (ICD-11, DSM-5), DSO, and BPD symptoms relate. Participants (N = 470; 98.1% women; 97.7% Black) were recruited from medical clinics within an urban hospital. PTSD, CPTSD, and BPD were assessed using semi-structured interviews and trauma-related avoidance, aggressive behavior, and anxious attachment were assessed using self-report measures. ESEM models of PTSD, DSO, and BPD symptoms were run. We found a three-factor ESEM model of CPTSD (ICD-11 PTSD and DSO symptoms) and BPD symptoms best fit the data and found support for discriminant validity between factors across trauma-related avoidance, aggressive behavior, and anxious attachment. For DSM-5 PTSD, a two-factor ESEM model was best-fitting (PTSD and DSO/BPD). The findings demonstrate clear distinguishing and overlapping features of ICD-11 PTSD, CPTSD, and BPD and the necessity to consider the diagnostic structure of PTSD in determining the additive value of CPTSD as a distinct construct.


Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/diagnóstico , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Humanos , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Análise de Classes Latentes , Masculino , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico
16.
J Pers Disord ; 36(6): 680-700, 2022 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36454161

RESUMO

The underlying vulnerability for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is expressed across a continuum of clinical and subclinical symptoms referred to as schizotypy. Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct with positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. The present study examined associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy with pathological personality traits and facets assessed by the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) in 1,342 young adults. As hypothesized, positive schizotypy was associated with the PID-5 psychoticism domain and facets, negative schizotypy was associated with the detachment domain and facets and the restricted affectivity facet, and disorganized schizotypy's strongest associations were with the distractibility and eccentricity facets and the negative affect domain. The PID-5 facets accounted for upwards of two thirds of the variance in each schizotypy dimension. The authors conclude by providing regression-based algorithms for computing positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy scores based on the PID-5 facets.


Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica , Adulto Jovem , Humanos , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/complicações , Transtorno da Personalidade Esquizotípica/diagnóstico , Inventário de Personalidade , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Fenótipo
17.
Curr Opin Psychiatry ; 34(1): 39-43, 2021 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33252428

RESUMO

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The current review provides an examination of the levels of personality functioning outlined by the International Classification of Diseases-11 and the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: Across self-report measures, high convergence is observed, and they evince relatively robust relations with general and pathological traits as well as other clinical symptoms. At the same time, current measures of impairment also demonstrate unstable factor structures, poor discriminant validity (when measures offer subscales aligned with different forms of personality impairment), and tend to account for relatively little unique variance beyond traits. As a result, some have questioned the utility of personality impairment, as currently measured. SUMMARY: The dimensional models of personality psychopathology included in the International Classification of Diseases-11 and 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders signify important steps toward an empirically supported and clinically useful diagnostic model; however, self-report measures of impairment are problematic. The authors conclude by calling for the refinement of these measures to more directly assess deficits in various domains of functioning as well as the dimensional models, by assessing traits first, and then examining the nature of the associated personality impairment.


Assuntos
Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Autorrelato
18.
Assessment ; 28(3): 739-758, 2021 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32762351

RESUMO

Personality is of great lay, clinical, and research interest with important functional implications. The field has largely settled on five- or six-factor models as being largely sufficient for descriptive purposes, at least in W.E.I.R.D settings and, as such, numerous measures have been created of varying length and breadth. For a number of reasons, however, super-short forms have come to be quite popular in research endeavors with a number created in the past 20 years. The goal of the present study was to compare the time with completion and general psychometric properties of these measures, as well as examine their convergence with one another and with longer measures in an online community sample (N = 494). Generally, the psychometric properties of the measures varied considerably in terms of internal consistency and convergence with one another. The brief measures demonstrated mostly adequately convergence with longer measures. Despite this convergence, longer measures were found to contain considerably more variance that was not accounted for by brief measures. We consider the advantages and disadvantages of these measures and suggest that longer measures be prioritized whenever possible.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Personalidade , Personalidade , Humanos , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Inventário de Personalidade , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
19.
Assessment ; 28(1): 15-28, 2021 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33371746

RESUMO

Narcissistic traits figure prominently in classical conceptualizations of psychopathy and bear substantial empirical overlap with components of psychopathy. Yet the degree to which various widely used self-report measures of psychopathy include relevant narcissistic content has not been evaluated, especially in relation to new, multidimensional models of narcissism. Using a large undergraduate sample (N = 432) and self- and informant-ratings of narcissism, the present study examined narcissism's instantiation in several commonly used self-report psychopathy measures. A modern conceptualization of narcissism at three levels of hierarchical organization (i.e., Trifurcated Model of Narcissism) was applied to comprehensively evaluate narcissism's instantiation in these psychopathy measures. Although narcissistic traits related to self-centered antagonism were well-instantiated across psychopathy self-report measures, narcissistic traits related to agentic extraversion were represented more modestly by most (i.e., Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, Self-Report Psychopathy Scale: Version III, Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale), but not all (i.e., Elemental Psychopathy Assessment [EPA]) psychopathy measures. Only the EPA contained substantial representation of all narcissism components. Given the theoretical and empirical overlap between psychopathy and narcissism, it behooves researchers to be aware of the degree to which psychopathy measures capture narcissistic content.


Assuntos
Extroversão Psicológica , Narcisismo , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Hostilidade , Humanos , Autorrelato
20.
J Pers Disord ; 35(1): 57-72, 2021 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30785862

RESUMO

Clinical theory is skeptical of individuals' ability to recognize the presence, severity, and impact of clinical symptoms and pathological traits (Oltmanns & Powers, 2012); however, empirical work has found moderate self-other convergence for reports of pathological traits and for Antagonism-related personality disorder (PD) constructs (i.e., psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism), which are characterized by low insight. Nevertheless, empirical examinations of insight into perceptions of impairment are scant. Thus, the present study sought to examine individuals' insight regarding pathological traits and related impairment in two samples. In Sample 1, more psychopathic, narcissistic, and Machiavellian individuals reported higher levels of pathological traits and were aware of related impairment. In Sample 2, individuals reported higher levels of pathological traits and, albeit to a lesser degree, more Antagonism-related impairment. Thus, more psychopathic, narcissistic, and Machiavellian individuals possess a reasonable degree of insight into their trait levels and associated impairment.

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