'It's always difficult for women': an analysis of the life stories of sub-Saharan migrant women.

The aim of this study was to understand the perspectives of female residents of Spain from West Africa in terms of the factors that condition their lives. Pierre Bourdieu's theory and the model of intersectionality formed the framework we used to qualitatively analyse the life stories of these women, which was complemented with life lines. The results showed us that traditional practices such as female genital mutilation and forced marriage are part of the social habitus of this group and they relate to each other through the several types of violence that occurs throughout their lives. In addition, in reference to the African community, these women were no longer African, while in terms of the Spanish community, they did not seem Spanish. At a health, political, and social level, this knowledge can help us to understand this group and to create personalised targeted interventions for them.

Learning, internalisation and integration of the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare workers: A qualitative document analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered an unprecedented health crisis that impacted healthcare systems worldwide. This study explores how Spanish healthcare workers learned, internalised and integrated values and work behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the personal sphere. This documentary research, using images, narratives and audiovisual content, was framed within the interpretative hermeneutic paradigm. Categories and subcategories emerged after a final theoretical sampling that focused on the analysis. Data triangulation between researchers favoured theoretical saturation. A total of 117 images and 27 texts were selected. The analysis identified three stages: bewilderment, seeking functionality in the chaos and integrating chaos into care. The data reflects how the need for security and knowledge, and the exhaustion and frustration caused by the initial working conditions, prompted adaptive responses. These responses involved focusing on problem-solving and strengthening group sentiments and solidarity. Subsequently, the data indicates the acceptance of new structural, organisational and communication aspects. The findings of the analysis will contribute towards finding a framework that can help understand community health crisis events.

Female Genital Mutilation as a Social Norm: Examining the Beliefs and Attitudes of Women in This Diaspora.

In this article, we explore the beliefs, values and attitudes about female genital mutilation in the diaspora of sub-Saharan women and how the migration process has influenced these beliefs. Our qualitative analysis of the life stories and lifelines of 10 women in the sub-Saharan diaspora in light of the Social Convention Theory indicated that making public statements about the topic is complex and that the taboo permeating the practice remains intact even outside of Africa. Furthermore, we discovered that, in our context, this practice was not a requirement and did not improve the chances of marriage, with female behaviours considered 'appropriate' instead gaining value. Any interventions based on this theory must consider the broad networks that help shape marriages in this diaspora. This work opened new lines of research regarding the situation of the diaspora of sub-Saharan women and the relationship of the practice of female genital mutilation with marriage.

Structural Dialectic Model of Care: A Guide to Beliefs, Scenarios and Social Actors Analysis in Nursing Research.

The structural dialectic model of care provides a data analysis method that facilitates the identification of beliefs and structural and functional characteristics. To demonstrate the relevance of the structural dialectic model of care for data analysis integrating beliefs, scenarios and social actors. The characteristics and functions of the model are described and explained through an analysis of its application in fifteen doctoral theses (2009-2017). This model has three structures, the functional unit (beliefs), the functional element (social agents), and the functional framework (scenarios). The Structural Dialectic Model of Care constitutes a useful methodological tool for studies of nursing, organizing analysis of the data according to the dynamic and dialectical nature of their structures.

Connections between academic burnout, resilience, and psychological well-being in nursing students: A longitudinal study.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to explore the longitudinal associations between academic burnout and resilience and psychological well-being, and the stability of these variables in a sample of university nursing students. BACKGROUND: Nursing students frequently suffer academic burnout, which is brought on by different situations experienced during the training process and that can concern his psychological well-being. Resilience is a personal resource that allows adverse situations to be handled in a successful way. DESIGN: Longitudinal design. METHODS: Data were collected at two moments separated by 18 months (2014-2016), with 218 students at T1 and 113 at T2. At each time a questionnaire was given to them, with questions about socioeconomic demographics and three validated scales to measure academic burnout, resilience, and psychological well-being. RESULTS: The three dimensions that make up academic burnout remained steady over time, while resilience increased and psychological well-being improved. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed the longitudinal effect of emotional exhaustion at T1 and at T2 they showed the longitudinal effect of resilience on psychological well-being at T2. The inverse hierarchical regression analyses did not reveal significant relationships for any of the variables measured at T2 in connection with psychological well-being measured at T1. CONCLUSIONS: Emotional exhaustion was the most relevant dimension of academic burnout when predicting psychological well-being in the analysed sample. Moreover, resilience has an important positive effect on psychological well-being in the analysed sample. The practical implications of the results are discussed from the perspective of academic training and some recommendations are given for future research in this field.

The Experience of Living With a Gluten-Free Diet: An Integrative Review.

Celiac disease represents a problem in our society, not only because of its interest in terms of healthcare, but also because of its increasing prevalence in recent years and the impact it has on sufferers and their families. This integrative review investigated current knowledge about the experience of living with a gluten-free diet, as well as social support and the role played by nurses and/or associations in the process. A total of 18 articles were selected. Results revealed greater family support is needed to deal with the day-to-day issues of a gluten-free diet. Furthermore, women diagnosed with celiac disease have more psychological distress than men according to some studies. Sufferers of celiac disease report that more information is needed at all levels (hotel and catering, healthcare, social), which would help generate coping strategies. The few studies retrieved that talk about this topic show that following a gluten-free diet affects the personal, family, emotional, social, and financial dimensions of sufferers of celiac disease. The nurse tends to be the person whom those coping with the illness go to for support, although celiac disease associations are also a fundamental pillar in this support. Policy makers need to adapt health services to the needs of individuals with celiac disease.

A mixed-method synthesis of knowledge, experiences and attitudes of health professionals to Female Genital Mutilation.

AIM: To synthesize knowledge, attitudes and experiences of health professionals about Female Genital Mutilation. BACKGROUND: Despite the World Health Organization campaigning to stop FGM, and it being illegal in many countries, the practice remains common in some countries and cultures. Migration has contributed to the growth of this practice in countries where it was not previously carried out. DESIGN: Mixed-method synthesis. DATA SOURCES: Search of ten electronic databases: 2006-2014. Manual scanning of reference lists and summary feeds from international organizations such as WHO, UN and UNICEF. REVIEW METHODS: Thematic synthesis comparing country of origin where the practice was common with country of residence where migrant women affected by the practice reside. 17 included descriptive, quantitative, qualitative studies and grey literature studies in English or Spanish. RESULTS: Seven themes were developed: Ignorance of FGM practice and its consequences; Lack of adherence to FGM protocols and guidelines; Socially constructed acceptance of FGM; Ignorance of legislation and legal status of FGM; Condoning, sanctioning or supporting FGM; Lack of information and training; Nurses and Midwives as key to protecting and supporting girls and women CONCLUSIONS: Although some nurses and midwives are in the forefront of eradicating FGM this is counterbalanced by health professionals (including nurses and midwives) who condone, sanction or support the practice with some calling for medicalization of FGM as a legitimate procedure. Girls at risk need better protection and women affected need more competent and cultural care from health professionals. Health and legal systems, professional regulation and governance, and professional training require strengthening to eradicate FGM, prevent the medicalization of FGM as an acceptable procedure, and to better manage the lifelong consequences for affected girls and women.

Sublimity and beauty: A view from nursing aesthetics.

BACKGROUND: Several authors have focused on the aesthetics of nursing care from diverse perspectives; however, there are few studies about the sublime and the beautiful in nursing. AIM: To identify beautiful and sublime moments in the context of the aesthetics of nursing care. METHODS: A theoretical reflection has been contemplated about sublime and beautiful values in the context of the aesthetics of nursing care from the cultural history perspective. For that purpose, a revision of this issue has been completed. The terms 'beautiful' and 'sublime' have been analysed to identify the characteristics of both in the context of nursing care. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION: We have followed all ethical requirements regarding the sources, conducting research and authorship. There is no conflict of interest in this paper. RESULTS: With aesthetic knowledge, the nurse expresses the artistic nature of nursing care by appreciating the act of caring for individuals. The sublime is a complex phenomenon, since apparently contrary feelings are interwoven. Nursing care is an art with an anthropological object-subject on which the 'artist' applies their prior knowledge and skills. Feelings and emotions that develop during the clinical nursing practice - especially at times sublime and beautiful, aesthetic - constitute experiences which are professionally significant.

The Feelings of Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Confinement: Narrative-Based Nursing and Poetry-of-Care Perspectives.

(1) Background: Experiences involve feelings, which, in turn, produce meaning that can become a subjectively lived experience. Therefore, the study of experiences and feelings is essential. INTRODUCTION: We examined the role of narrative-based nursing (NBN) and the poetry of care (PC). OBJECTIVE: To reflect upon the emotions and feelings experienced by nursing students during confinement induced by COVID-19. (2) Methods: This is a qualitative study with a focus on reflexive anthropology, NBN, and PC. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The non-probabilistic sample of incidental, casual, or accessibility type. It consists of 198 students completing their first degree in nursing (the academic year of 2019-2020) of the University of Alicante. (3) Results: Three main categories were considered in the research: For the 'first day', 21 subcategories were identified, and uncertainty was the most frequently noted feeling. For the 'most significant day', 22 subcategories were found, with the explosion of feelings being the most frequent. For the 'last day', 15 subcategories were recorded, with the feeling of relief being the most common. CONCLUSIONS: The NBN and PC are relevant therapeutic tools that facilitate reflection and promote awareness of feelings.

The relevance of music therapy in paediatric and adolescent cancer patients: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Music therapy is an emerging and useful methodology to improve the quality of life of children and adolescents with cancer. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this scoping review was to examine the available literature and offer an analysis of the relevance of music therapy in paediatric oncology. We considered the effects of music therapy on children and adolescents with cancer as well as the perception of this population, their families, music therapists, and health professionals regarding the music therapy sessions conducted. Finally, we analysed the characteristics of the distinct types of music therapy interventions reported in the literature. METHODS: In this review, we applied the methodology proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. After performing a comprehensive academic literature database search, 522 articles were identified of which, 27 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: The results shed light on the use of music therapy as a means to facilitate self-esteem, to improve the physical, emotional, and cognitive aspects related to disease and, to a lesser extent, alleviate their physiological symptoms. Both children and adolescents with cancer were represented in the academic literature. The most prevalent findings described in these studies were the benefits of music therapy in terms of improved psychological well-being and social relationships in this population. CONCLUSIONS: Music therapy interventions are generally well received, not only by children and adolescents with cancer, but also by their families, music therapists, and health professionals. Nevertheless, several gaps were identified in some of the studies we considered, including a lack of specificity regarding the results obtained or music therapy intervention methods used.

Leadership among Women Working to Eradicate Female Genital Mutilation: The Impact of Environmental Change in Transcultural Moments.

The study of cultural moments can identify the level of acceptance of female genital mutilation and the visibility of the involved health problems in a globalized world. AIMS: To describe the transcultural process through which immigrant women who have experienced female genital mutilation become leaders against this practice. METHOD: Descriptive research with cross-cultural principles and a qualitative approach. A semi-structured interview was the chosen technique for data collection. A total of 18 women participated in the preliminary observation and analysis unit, and only 8 women (38.8%) were ideologically against female genital mutilation (FGM). INCLUSION CRITERIA: The selected women had undergone FGM and were fully prepared to discuss it. RESULTS: Staying in a different country and the associated social relations reduce cultural pressure and promote critical thinking. Cultural moments reflect the different situations that affect the perception and practice of female genital mutilation. Health problems associated with female genital mutilation (sexual, reproductive, and psychological) become visible at transcultural moments. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental country change affects the cultural pressure that sustains this practice in individual minds, institutions, structures, and bodies. These changes produce transcultural moments. The practice of female genital mutilation constitutes a significant segment of gender-based violence.

Self-assessment, reflection on practice and critical thinking in nursing students.

UNLABELLED: In accordance with the principles of the European Higher Education Area, the aim of this study was to contribute to the implementation of self-assessment through the application of reflection on learning and critical thinking. The theoretical framework employed was Habermas's critical theory and emancipatory interest as a preliminary step to generate educational transformations. The methodological contribution is the design a student self-assessment document that promotes reflection on action and critical thinking. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The development of assessment through peer evaluation and other intermediate solutions until achieving self-assessment entails a shift in the educational and scientific paradigm, but also involves the implementation in practice of democratic and ethical principles, values and premises in society. Self-assessment is a novel concept for students, and obliges them to reinterpret their role. Due to the diversity of students' principles, values, motivations, interests and aspirations, this reinterpretation of their role can have a positive outcome, stimulating an active and critical attitude towards group work and self-assessment; or, on the contrary, can generate a stance characterised by disinterest, passivity and lack of critical thinking. CONCLUSIONS: The forms of assessment adopted in a given educational system reflect ways of thinking related to ideologies, values, ethical principles and educational paradigms: in order to render implementation of effective self-assessment feasible, it is necessary to undertake structural and regulatory reforms. Students have little experience of reflection on practice or critical thinking. Massification and cultural and structural factors determine the form of assessment. In this context, it would seem advisable to move towards self-assessment gradually and cautiously.

International Appraisal of Nursing Culture and Curricula: A Qualitative Study of Erasmus Students.

Introduction. Globalization of knowledge has emphasized the need to promote the adoption of international exchange programs in nursing. Nevertheless, the differences in cultural, educational, and structural schemes have challenged the mutual appraisal and understanding of the nursing curricula between countries. Research on nursing curricula should allow performing an analysis of different cultural idiosyncrasies in which educational and health institutions are found. These studies would contribute valuable information to the educative and organizational systems and their cultural variability. Objective. To examine the experiences of nursing students on international exchange programs. Methods. Comparative Education was taken as theoretical background. The clinical practice diaries of seven Spanish Nursing Erasmus students (a European international exchange program) were used as field journals. These students undertook their placements in the United Kingdom. A content analysis was carried out to find major themes. Results. Data extracted from the students clinical practice diaries indicated cultural, educational, and structural differences between countries. Most students reflected the hidden curriculum in their diaries, writing about affective, ideological, personal, and social elements and beliefs. Conclusions. The students' experiences on international exchange programs were found to be sources of interest to clarify the ideological and cultural connections that underlie educational and health systems.

The father's decision making in home birth.

OBJECTIVE: This work sought to inquire on the father's role on the decision making regarding home birth from the perspective of both partners. METHODOLOGY: The design was ethnographic of qualitative nature, conducted in the province of Alicante, Spain. A total of 11 couples participated voluntarily in the study. To gather the data, the following techniques were used: two life stories, five narrations, and in-depth interviews of all the study participants. The data obtained were analyzed with the ATLAS-ti v6.2 software. RESULTS: Four fundamental categories were obtained: father's attitude, role performed, influencing factors, and perception of the woman. Theproposal to carry out the delivery at home tends to be made by the woman, but its decision is made jointly. This decision is influenced by different factors, like: good evolution of the pregnancy, accompaniment by a professional, and the couple's beliefs on the delivery. The fathers consider they must be respectful of the woman's decision and accompany them during the whole process; the women are comforted by their unconditional support and accompaniment, considering it essential. CONCLUSION: The father's role is fundamental in the planned decision of having a home birth; a decision discussed and mediated by the couple in which their fears and beliefs are determinant in their decision. The woman has her partner's support to implement her decision.

The father's decision making in home birth / Toma decisiones del padre en la realización del parto en el domicilio / Toma decisões do pai na realização do parto no domicílio

Objective.This work sought to inquire on the father's role on the decision making regarding home birth from the perspective of both partners. Methodology. The design was ethnographic of qualitative nature, conducted in the province of Alicante, Spain. A total of 11 couples participated voluntarily in the study. To gather the data, the following techniques were used: two life stories, five narrations, and in-depth interviews of all the study participants. The data obtained were analyzed with the ATLAS-ti v6.2 software. Results. Four fundamental categories were obtained: father's attitude, role performed, influencing factors, and perception of the woman. Theproposal to carry out the delivery at home tends to be made by the woman, but its decision is made jointly. This decision is influenced by different factors, like: good evolution of the pregnancy, accompaniment by a professional, and the couple's beliefs on the delivery. The fathers consider they must be respectful of the woman's decision and accompany them during the whole process; the women are comforted by their unconditional support and accompaniment, considering it essential. Conclusion. The father's role is fundamental in the planned decision of having a home birth; a decision discussed and mediated by the couple in which their fears and beliefs are determinant in their decision. The woman has her partner's support to implement her decision.

Objetivo.Indagar acerca del papel del padre en la toma de decisiones sobre el parto domiciliario desde la perspectiva de ambos miembros de la pareja. Metodología. Diseño de carácter cualitativo de corte etnográfico realizado en la provincia de Alicante, España. Un total de once parejas participaron de forma intencional en el estudio. Para la recogida de datos se optó por las siguientes técnicas: dos historias de vida, cinco relatos y entrevistas en profundidad a todos los participantes del estudio. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con el software ATLAS-ti v6.2. Resultados. Se obtuvieron cuatro categorías fundamentales: actitud del padre, rol desempeñado, factores que influyen y percepción de la mujer. La propuesta de realizar el parto en el domicilio suele ser planteada por la mujer, pero la decisión se realiza de forma conjunta. En la misma influyen distintos factores como la buena evolución del embarazo, el acompañamiento de un profesional y las creencias de estas parejas sobre el parto. Las parejas consideran que deben ser respetuosos con la decisión de la mujer y acompañarlas durante todo el proceso; las mujeres se sienten reconfortadas por el apoyo incondicional y el acompañamiento, los cuales consideran imprescindible. Conclusión. El rol del padre es fundamental en la decisión planificada de realizar un parto en el domicilio. Se trata de una decisión discutida y meditada por la pareja, en la que los miedos y las creencias de ambos son determinantes. La mujer cuenta con el apoyo de su pareja para poder llevar a cabo su decisión.

Objetivo.Indagar a respeito do papel do pai na tomada de decisão do parto domiciliário desde a perspectiva de ambos membros do casal. Metodologia. Desenho de caráter qualitativo de corte etnográfico realizado na província de Alicante, Espanha. Um total de onze casais participaram de forma intencional no estudo. Para a recolhida de dados se optou pelas seguintes técnicas: duas histórias de vida, cinco relatos e entrevistas em profundidade a todos os participantes do estudo. Os dados obtidos foram analisados com o software ATLAS-ti v6.2 Resultados. Obtiveram-se quatro categorias fundamentais: atitude do pai, papel desempenhado, fatores que influem e percepção da mulher. A proposta de realizar o parto no domicílio costuma ser proposta pela mulher, mas a decisão do mesmo se realiza de forma conjunta. Na mesma influem diferentes fatores como são: a boa evolução da gravidez, o acompanhamento de um profissional e as crenças destes casais sobre o parto. Os pais consideram que devem ser respeitosos com a decisão da mulher e acompanhá-las durante todo o processo, as mulheres se sentem reconfortadas por seu apoio incondicional e seu acompanhamento considerando-o imprescindível. Conclusão. O papel do pai é fundamental na decisão planificada de realizar um parto no domicílio. Decisão discutida e meditada pelo casal, na que os medos e as crenças de ambos são determinantes em sua decisão. A mulher conta com o apoio do seu marido para poder levar a cabo sua decisão.

El diario del estudiante de enfermería en la práctica clínica frente a los diarios realizados en otras disciplinas: Una revisión integradora / The Diary of a Nursing Student in Clinical Practice Compared Diaries Kept in Other Disciplines: An Inclusive Review / O diário do estudante de enfermagem no estágio clínico ante os diários realizados em outras disciplinas: Uma revisão integradora

El presente artículo es una revisión integradora de la literatura cuyo objetivo fue identificar, en revistas nacionales e internacionales indexadas en las bases de datos Isi Web of Knowledge, Eric, PubMed, EbscoHost, Scopus, SciELO, Cuiden, Cuidatge y Scirus, en el periodo comprendido entre 1995 y 2011, datos que contribuyeran a determinar cómo la escritura del diario reflexivo ayuda al estudiante de enfermería durante sus prácticas clínicas, así como a establecer diferencias y similitudes con los diarios realizados por estudiantes de otras disciplinas. Se llevó a cabo una revisión amplia de la cual se seleccionaron 54 artículos científicos con base en criterios de inclusión y exclusión, sin descartar ninguna metodología de investigación e incluyendo aquellos que analizaran el diario del estudiante, fueran o no del ámbito de la enfermería. Se concluye que la escritura del diario reflexivo que realiza el estudiante de enfermería durante sus prácticas clínicas tiene beneficios tales como la mejora de la comunicación con el paciente, fundamental para el cuidado. La escritura del diario debería ser incluida en todos los planes de estudio de grado en el ámbito de las prácticas clínicas.

This article is an inclusive literature review intended to identify data in national and international journals indexed in several databases between 1995 and 2011. The databases consulted were Isi Web of Knowledge, Eric, PubMed, EbscoHost, Scopus, SciELO, Cuiden, Cuidatge and Scirus. The objective was to help determine how writing an introspective journal is of assistance to student nurses during their clinical practice, and to identify differences and similarities with the diaries kept by students in other disciplines. A broad review was conducted and 54 scientific articles were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, without ruling out any research methodology and including those that analyze student journals, in nursing or otherwise. It was concluded that writing an introspective diary during clinical practice has a number of benefits for nursing students, such as improved communication with the patient, which is fundamental for care. Keeping a diary should be part of all undergraduate curricula in the field of clinical practice.

O presente artigo é uma revisão integradora da literatura cujo objetivo foi identificar, em revistas nacionais e internacionais indexadas nas bases de dados Isi Web of Knowledge, Eric, PubMed, EbscoHost, Scopus, SciELO, Cuiden, Cuidatge e Scirus, no período compreendido entre 1995 e 2011, dados que contribuíssem para determinar como a escrita do diário reflexivo ajuda o estudante de enfermagem durante seu estágio clínico, bem como para estabelecer diferenças e similitudes com os diários realizados por estudantes de outras disciplinas. Realizou-se uma revisão ampla da qual foram selecionados 54 artigos científicos com base em critérios de inclusão e exclusão, sem destacar nenhuma metodologia de pesquisa e incluindo aqueles que analisaram o diário do estudante, fossem ou não do âmbito da enfermagem. Conclui-se que a escrita do diário reflexivo que o estudante de enfermagem realiza durante seu estágio clínico tem benefícios como a melhora da comunicação com o paciente, fundamental para o cuidado. A escrita do diário deveria ser incluída em todos os planos de estudo de graduação no âmbito dos estágios clínicos.