Male pseudohermaphroditism with os clitoris in three dogs.

Two American Cocker Spaniels and one Bichon Frise were presented to our veterinary teaching hospital with an enlarged clitoris. Diagnostic imaging showed that the structure was composed of bony material. Exploratory laparotomy revealed uterine-like structures and testes which had an epididymis unilaterally. Surgical removal of internal genitalia, gonads and protruded clitoris were performed well. Histological evaluation revealed; inactive testes, female internal genital tracts with ambisexual ductal remnants, and prominent ossification in the clitoris. All 3 cases were diagnosed with male pseudohermaphroditism. In author's knowledge, this is the first report in Bichon Frise dog with os clitoris and also, it describes not common cases in small dog breeds with os clitoris.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of renal dimension and resistive index in clinically healthy Korean domestic short-hair cats.

Renal length, height, width, resistive index (RI), size of cortex, and medulla were determined by renal ultrasonography in 50 healthy Korean domestic short-hair cats. In the sagittal plane, the renal length was 3.83 +/- 0.51 cm (mean +/- SD) in the left kidney and 3.96 +/- 0.48 cm in the right kidney, whereas the renal height was 2.42 plusmn; 0.27 cm in the left kidney and 2.36 plusmn; 0.28 cm in the right kidney. In the transverse plane, the renal height was 2.42 +/- 0.28 cm in the left kidney and 2.38 +/- 0.27 cm in the right kidney, whereas the renal width was: 2.65 +/- 0.35 cm in the left kidney and 2.63 +/- 0.31 cm in the right kidney. In the dorsal plane, the renal length was 3.84 +/- 0.53 cm in the left kidney and 3.97 +/- 0.54 cm in the right kidney, whereas the renal width was 2.65 +/- 0.34 cm in the left kidney and 2.66 +/- 0.33 cm in the right kidney. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) among the same structure sizes measured in different planes. In the sagittal plane, the size of the renal cortex was 0.47 +/-; 0.08 cm in the left kidney and 0.47 +/- 0.08 cm in the right kidney, whereas of the size of the renal medulla was 0.55 +/- 0.30 cm in the left kidney and 0.50 +/- 0.07 cm in the right kidney. RI evaluated by pulsed wave Doppler sonography was 0.52 +/- 0.05 in the left kidney and 0.55 +/- 0.05 in the right kidney. The actual renal dimensions determined by gross examination were not statistically different from those determined by ultrasonography. Furthermore the renal dimensions and RI were statistically correlated to the body weight of cats.

Time of initial detection of fetal and extra-fetal structures by ultrasonographic examination in Miniature Schnauzer bitches.

Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed daily on 9 Miniature Schnauzer bitches from the 15th day of gestation until parturition to determine the time the gestational structures were first detected. The gestational age was timed from the day of ovulation (day 0), which was estimated to occur when the plasma progesterone concentration was >4.0 ng/ml. The gestational length in 9 Miniature Schnauzer bitches was found to be 63.0 +/- 1.7 (range 61-65) days. The initial detection of the fetal and extra-fetal structures were as follows: gestational sac at day 18.0 +/- 0.9 (17-19); zonary placenta in the uterine wall at day 24.9 +/- 1.1 (23-26); yolk sac membrane at day 25.0 +/- 0.9 (24-26); amnionic membrane at day 27.7 +/- 1.0 (26- 29); embryo initial detection at day 22.6 +/- 0.5 (22-23); heartbeat at day 23.4 +/- 0.5 (23-24); fetal movement at day 32.5 +/- 0.8 (32-34); stomach at day 31.2 +/- 1.6 (29-33); urinary bladder at day 32.6 +/- 1.8 (31-35); skeleton at day 34.9 +/- 1.6 (34-38) and kidney at day 42.2 +/- 0.7 (41-43).

Segmental aplasia of uterine body in an adult mixed breed dog.

Segmental aplasia of the uterine body was diagnosed in a 5-year-old, mixed breed bitch. Abdominal radiography and transabdominal ultrasonography revealed marked dilation of fluid-filled uterine horns with no evidence of a uterine body. Sex hormone assays did not detect the presence of estradiol-17 beta; however, progesterone (2 ng/ml) was found in the serum, indicating anestrus. On gross examination of the reproductive tract, the uterine body was absent, apparently never formed. In its place, a cord-like piece of tissue was identified as an aplastic/dysplastic remnant, connecting the cervix and right uterine horn. The tip of the cord-like piece branched into 5 string-like pieces of tissue, 1 of which was connected to the region dividing the left and right uterine horns. Both the uterine horns were dilated markedly revealing hydrometra. Histologically, uterine body remnant tissues from the endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium were detected in proximal and distal parts of the uterine body. The string-like piece of tissue connecting the uterine body remnant and the uterine horn consisted of a round cluster of smooth muscle cells surrounding a central core of adipose tissue with blood vessels. It was concluded that the hydrometra observed in both uterine horns was induced by an obstruction resulting from segmental aplasia in the uterine body. This is the first known report of segmental aplasia in the uterine body of a bitch.