RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Air pollution-induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress are hypothesized to be the major biological mechanisms underlying pathological outcomes. We examined the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in 2199 general middle-aged Korean population residing in metropolitan areas. METHODS: Serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured. Daily concentrations of a series of air pollutants (particulate matter [PM]10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3) were predicted using the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system, and participant-level pollutant exposure was determined using geocoded residential addresses. Short-term exposure was defined as the 1- to 7-day moving averages. RESULTS: The multivariable-adjusted linear models controlling for the sociodemographic, lifestyle, temporal, and meteorological factors identified positive associations of PM with IL-1ß, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and 8-OHdG levels; SO2 with IL-10 levels, CO with IL-1ß, IL-10, and TNF-α levels; and O3 with IL-1ß, IL-8, and 8-OHdG levels. O3 levels were inversely associated with IL-10 levels. For each pollutant, the strongest associations were observed for the 7-day average PM and CO with IL-1ß (per 10-µg/m3 increase in PM10: 2.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.6-4.8; per 10-µg/m3 increase in PM2.5: 6.4%, 95% CI = 2.4-10.5; per 0.1-ppm increase in CO: 3.3%, 95% CI = 0.3-6.5); the 2-day average SO2 with IL-10 levels (per 1-ppb increase in SO2: 1.1%, 95% CI = 0.1-2.1); and the 7-day average O3 with IL-8 levels (per 1-ppb increase in O3: 1.3%, 95% CI = 0.7-1.9). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants may induce oxidative damage and pro-inflammatory roles, together with counter-regulatory anti-inflammatory response.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluentes Ambientais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Estudos Transversais , Interleucina-10 , Interleucina-8 , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Material Particulado/análise , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/epidemiologia , Biomarcadores , Estresse OxidativoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Elevated serum ferritin is associated with incident Type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the interactions between serum ferritin and genetic factors which may improve understanding underlying mechanism in the development of T2D are still unclear. We determined the gene-ferritin interactions on the development of T2D by genome-wide gene-ferritin interaction analyses. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 3405 participants from two prospective cohorts of community living residents were included, and the median follow-time was 3.99 years. Genome-wide gene-ferritin interactions were analyzed using the joint test with two degrees of freedom and the interaction test with one degree of freedom. There were 18 SNPs selected in the joint test. Finally, four independent variants [rs355140 (LINC00312), rs4075576 (nearby PDGFA), rs1332202 (PTPRD), and rs713157 (nearby LINC00900)] with low pairwise linkage disequilibrium (r2<0.2) and located at least 1000 kb from the index SNP showed interactions with serum ferritin level. In the association analyses between serum ferritin levels (tertiles of ferritin and ferritin status) and the incidence of T2D according to genotype, the Incidence Rate Ratios (IRRs) in the highest tertile of ferritin level (vs. the lowest tertile) were greater for participants with heterozygotes of risk alleles of each of the four SNP than IRRs for those with wild type. Compared with the normal group, the elevated ferritin group also had a higher risk of T2D for all genetic variants of risk alleles, particularly its homozygotes. CONCLUSION: Serum ferritin level interacts with genetic variants (rs355140, rs4075576, rs1332202, and rs713157) in the development of T2D.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Ferritinas , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/métodos , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
An H6N5 avian influenza virus (AIV) strain, designated A/aquatic bird/Korea/CN5/2009 (H6N5), was isolated from fecal swabs of aquatic birds in 2009, and surprisingly, it showed infectivity and pathogenicity in mammalian species without evidence of adaptation. In this study, we report the first complete genome sequence containing 3' and 5' noncoding regions (NCRs) of a mammalian species-infectious and pathogenic H6N5 AIV, which will help provide important insights into the molecular basis of pathogenesis, transmission, and evolution of AIV.
Assuntos
Genoma Viral , Vírus da Influenza A/genética , Animais , Aves , DNA Viral , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Genes Virais , Influenza Aviária/virologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
A virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain, DR13, was obtained from suckling pigs suspected of having porcine epidemic diarrhea in 1999 in Korea, and its attenuated counterpart was derived from virulent strain DR13 by serial propagation in Vero cells. This report describes the first complete genome sequences of virulent PEDV and its attenuated counterpart, which will provide important insights into the molecular basis of the attenuation of PEDV.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Genoma Viral , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/genética , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/classificação , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/isolamento & purificação , República da Coreia , SuínosRESUMO
An avian-origin Korean H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) strain, designated A/canine/Korea/01/2007 (H3N2), was isolated from nasal swabs of pet dogs exhibiting severe respiratory syndrome in 2007. In the present study, we report the first complete genome sequence containing 3' and 5' noncoding regions (NCRs) of H3N2 CIV, which will provide important insights into the molecular basis of pathogenesis, transmission, and evolution of CIV.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/virologia , Genoma Viral , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/genética , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Cães , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/classificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/isolamento & purificação , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/virologia , Filogenia , Proteínas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused devastating enteric disease in Korean pig farms since its first identification in 1992 in Korea. In the present study, the molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationship of Korean PEDV field isolates to other reference strains were analyzed using the complete E gene. Genetic analysis showed that each PEDV group had several unique characteristics, which indicated that a specific group PEDVs may be differentiated from another group PEDVs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that recent prevalent Korean PEDV field isolates are closely related to the Chinese field strains and differ genetically from the European strains and the vaccine strains used in Korea, which raises questions of whether a new-type PEDV vaccine may be necessary for preventing PEDV infection more effectively in Korea. Notably, a large deletion identified only in the attenuated DR13 can be utilized as a genetic marker, and the methods developed in this study will help to rapidly detect and differentiate PEDVs.
Assuntos
Gastroenterite Suína Transmissível/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite Suína Transmissível/virologia , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/classificação , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Análise por Conglomerados , Variação Genética , Coreia (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/isolamento & purificação , RNA Viral/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Suínos , Proteínas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
We report the identification of a novel single-stranded, circular DNA virus isolated from bovine stool. The virus, named bovine stool-associated circular DNA virus (BoSCV), has a genome comprising 2600 bases of circular ssDNA, with two putative ORFs encoding replicase and capsid proteins, arranged inversely. The stem-loop structure was located between the 3' ends of the two putative ORFs, as in chimpanzee stool-associated circular virus (ChimpSCV) and unlike other circular DNA viruses, including members of the families Circoviridae, Nanoviridae and Geminiviridae. BoSCV was also genetically similar to ChimpSCV, with approximately 30â% identity in the replicase and capsid proteins. A phylogenetic analysis based on the replicase protein showed that BoSCV and ChimpSCV are in the same clade. A field survey using BoSCV-specific PCRs targeting ORF1 detected BoSCV and BoSCV-like sequences in bovine and porcine stool samples. BoSCV appears to belong to a new genus of circular DNA viruses.
Assuntos
Vírus de DNA/genética , Vírus de DNA/isolamento & purificação , DNA Circular/genética , DNA de Cadeia Simples/genética , DNA Viral/genética , Fezes/virologia , Animais , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Bovinos , Análise por Conglomerados , Vírus de DNA/classificação , DNA Circular/química , DNA de Cadeia Simples/química , DNA Viral/química , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por DNA/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de SequênciaRESUMO
Kobuviruses have been detected in humans and several animal species, including cattle, swine, sheep, canines, mice, and probably bats. While investigating the possibility of Kobuviruses infecting additional animal host species, we detected kobuvirus in three fecal samples from domestic Korean black goats. In a maximum parsimony tree and a Bayesian tree, the 08KG680 strain fell within the bovine kobuvirus lineage, but the 09KG172 and 10KG056 strains did not fall within any of the known animal kobuvirus lineages. Comparative analysis of the partial nucleotide sequences of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of the 08KG680 strain also revealed high amino acid sequence identity and a close genetic relationship with bovine kobuvirus, but the amino acid sequences of the other two strains had low similarity to those of known kobuvirus isolates from any animal species. The similarity of the sequence of the 08KG680 strains with the bovine kobuvirus indicate that the infectious may have originated from cattle, but the possible source for remaining strains could not be classified.
Assuntos
Diarreia/veterinária , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Cabras/virologia , Kobuvirus/genética , Kobuvirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Picornaviridae/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/virologia , Doenças das Cabras/virologia , Humanos , Kobuvirus/classificação , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Infecções por Picornaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Picornaviridae/virologia , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/genética , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Exposure to ambient air pollution and its threat to human health is a global concern, especially in the elderly population. Therefore, more in-depth studies are required to understand the extent of the harmful effects of particulate matter (PM) based on duration and levels of exposure. An investigation was conducted to determine the association between short- (1-14 days), medium- (1, 3, and 6 months), and long-term (1, 2, and 3 years) exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5 and PM10) and cognitive function among Koreans (4175 participants, mean age 67.8 years, 55.2% women) aged over 50 years. Higher levels of PM2.5 exposure for short to long term and PM10 exposure for medium to long term were found to be associated with decreased cognitive function, as indicated by lower scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination adopted in Korean (K-MMSE). There were significant effect modifications by sex, age group, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and smoking status in the association between long-term PM2.5 and PM10 exposure and cognitive function. These findings, which underscore the importance of the efforts to reduce the exposure levels and durations of air pollutants, especially in the vulnerable elderly population, provide evidence for establishing more stringent policies for air pollution regulations.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição do Ar , Idoso , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluentes Atmosféricos/toxicidade , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Poluição do Ar/análise , Cognição , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Material Particulado/análise , Material Particulado/toxicidadeRESUMO
Prevention strategies for atrial fibrillation (AF) are lacking. This study aimed to identify modifiable risk factors (MRFs) and estimate their impact on AF in the midlife general population. We assessed 9049 participants who were free of prevalent AF at baseline from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Cox models with time-varying assessment of risk factors were used to identify significant MRFs for incident AF. The MRF burden was defined as the proportion of visits with MRFs during follow-up. Over a median follow-up of 13.1 years, 182 (2.01%) participants developed AF. Three MRFs, including systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg, obesity with central obesity, and an inactive lifestyle were significantly associated with incident AF. Among participants with 3, 2, 1, and 0 MRFs at baseline, 16 (3.9%), 51 (2.5%), 90 (1.8%) and 25 (1.5%) had incident AF, respectively. Compared to participants with three MRFs, those with one or no MRFs had a decreased risk of AF (hazard ratio [95% CI] for one MRF, 0.483 [0.256-0.914]; and for no MRF, 0.291 [0.145-0.583]). A decreasing MRF burden was associated with reduced AF risk (hazard ratio [95% CI] per 10% decrease in burden for SBP ≥ 140 mmHg, 0.937 [0.880-0.997]; for obesity with central obesity, 0.942 [0.907-0.978]; for inactivity, 0.926 [0.882-0.973]). Maintaining or achieving MRF ≤ 1 was associated with decreased AF risk, suggesting that minimizing the burden of MRF might help prevent AF.
Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade Abdominal , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Ambient air pollutants reportedly increase inflammatory responses associated with multiple chronic diseases. We investigated the effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) using data from 60,581 participants enrolled in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Health Examinees Study between 2012 and 2017. Community Multiscale Air Quality System with surface data assimilation was used to estimate the participants' exposure to criteria air pollutants based on geocoded residential addresses. Long-term exposure was defined as the 2-year moving average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and O3. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the percent changes in hs-CRP and odds ratios of systemic low-grade inflammation (hs-CRP > 3 mg/L) per interquartile range increment in air pollutants. We identified positive associations between hs-CRP and PM10 (% changes: 3.75 [95% CI 2.68, 4.82]), PM2.5 (3.68, [2.57, 4.81]), SO2 (1.79, [1.10, 2.48]), and NO2 (3.31, [2.12, 4.52]), while negative association was demonstrated for O3 (-3.81, [-4.96, -2.65]). Elevated risks of low-grade inflammation were associated with PM10 (odds ratio: 1.07 [95% CI 1.01, 1.13]), PM2.5 (1.08 [1.02, 1.14]), and SO2 (1.05 [1.01, 1.08]). The odds ratios reported indicated that the exposures might be risk factors for inflammatory conditions; however, they did not reflect strong associations. Our findings suggest that exposure to air pollutants may play a role in the inflammation process.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição do Ar , Poluentes Ambientais , Ozônio , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Poluição do Ar/análise , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Estudos Transversais , Poeira , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Humanos , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/epidemiologia , Dióxido de Nitrogênio/análise , Ozônio/efeitos adversos , Ozônio/análise , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Material Particulado/análiseRESUMO
Public concern about the adverse health effects of air pollution has grown rapidly in Korea, and there has been increasing demand for research on ways to minimize the health effects of air pollution. Integrating large epidemiological data and air pollution exposure levels can provide a data infrastructure for studying ambient air pollution and its health effects. The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), a large population-based study, has been used in many epidemiological studies of chronic diseases. Therefore, KoGES cohort data were linked to air pollution data as a national resource for air pollution studies. Air pollution data were produced using community multiscale air quality modeling with additional adjustment of monitoring data, satellite-derived aerosol optical depth, normalized difference vegetation index, and meteorological data to increase the accuracy and spatial resolution. The modeled air pollution data were linked to the KoGES cohort based on participants' geocoded residential addresses in grids of 1 km (particulate matter) or 9 km (gaseous air pollutants and meteorological variables). As the integrated data become available to all researchers, this resource is expected to serve as a useful infrastructure for research on the health effects of air pollution.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição do Ar , Humanos , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Poluição do Ar/análise , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Estudos Epidemiológicos , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recently, new emergence of type I PRRSV has been reported in Korea by several research groups. Although specific subgroups of type I PRRSVs in Korea were observed in the previous phylogenetic analysis, there is a lack of information about the virulence of type I PRRSV recently isolated in Korea. METHODS: One type I PRRSV isolate (G2446, 3 times passaged in primarily cultured pulmonary macrophages) in Korea was experimentally infected in colostrum-deprived pigs. The pathological and serological evaluations were performed and compared to type II PRRSV strain (CP07-401-9, 5 times passaged in MARC-145 cell lines)-infected pigs, for 21 days post challenge (dpc). RESULTS: The pneumonia found in gross examination was more severe in type I PRRSV-infected pigs than type II PRRSV-infected pigs. Both groups showed bronchointerstitial pneumonia, mild multifocal perivascular lymphohistiocytic myocarditis and lymphadenopathy at 14 dpc. However, the unique histopathologic lesions were not found in the pigs experimentally infected with a Korean type I PRRSV isolate, when compared to previous data about classical pathology of PRRSV. The PRRS-specific antibodies were detected in the first week after challenge and viremia continued at least until 21 dpc in both groups. CONCLUSION: The gross and histopathologic lesion in this study indicated that Korean type I PRRSV strain (G2446) caused classical PRRSV-specific lesions. Although this study evaluated one representative strain of Korean type I PRRSV, the results may provide information regarding the pathogenicity of type I PRRSV recently emerged in Korea.
Assuntos
Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/patologia , Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/virologia , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/patogenicidade , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Colostro , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Genótipo , Histocitoquímica , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/patologia , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/virologia , Doenças Linfáticas/patologia , Doenças Linfáticas/virologia , Miocardite/patologia , Miocardite/virologia , Pneumonia Viral/patologia , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/imunologia , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/imunologia , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/isolamento & purificação , República da Coreia , Suínos , VirulênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There have been many efforts to develop efficient vaccines for the control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Although inactivated PRRSV vaccines are preferred for their safety, they are weak at inducing humoral immune responses and controlling field PRRSV infection, especially when heterologous viruses are involved. RESULTS: In all groups, the sample to positive (S/P) ratio of IDEXX ELISA and the virus neutralization (VN) titer remained negative until challenge. While viremia did not reduce in the vaccinated groups, the IDEXX-ELISA-specific immunoglobulin G increased more rapidly and to significantly greater levels 7 days after the challenge in all the vaccinated groups compared to the non-vaccinated groups (p < 0.05). VN titer was significantly different in the 106 PFU/mL PRRSV vaccine-inoculated and binary ethylenimine (BEI)-inactivated groups 22 days after challenge (p < 0.05). Consequently, the inactivated vaccines tested in this study provided weak memory responses with sequential challenge without any obvious active immune responses in the vaccinated pigs. CONCLUSIONS: The inactivated vaccine failed to show the humoral immunity, but it showed different immune response after the challenge compared to mock group. Although the 106 PFU/mL-vaccinated and BEI-inactivated groups showed significantly greater VN titers 22 days after challenge, all the groups were already negative for viremia.
Assuntos
Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/prevenção & controle , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Memória Imunológica , Testes de Neutralização , Suínos , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/administração & dosagem , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/imunologia , Carga Viral , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Viremia/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused enteric disease with devastating impact since the first identification of PEDV in 1992 in Korea. In this study, we investigated molecular epidemiology, showed genetic diversity, and analyzed phylogenetic relationships of Korean PEDV field isolates with other PEDV reference strains. Genetic analysis of the complete M and ORF3 genes showed that each PEDV group had several unique characteristics, and this indicated that specific groups of PEDVs may be differentiated from the other PEDVs by specific nucleotide differences. Especially, ORF3 gene analysis can be used for discrimination between vaccine and wild-type PEDVs. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that recent, prevalent Korean PEDV field isolates have close relationships to Chinese field strains and differ genetically from European strains and vaccine strains used in Korea. These results raise questions as to whether a new type of PEDV vaccine may be necessary for preventing PEDV infection more effectively in Korea.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/classificação , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/isolamento & purificação , RNA Viral/genética , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Suínos/virologia , Animais , Análise por Conglomerados , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Genético , Vírus da Diarreia Epidêmica Suína/genética , República da Coreia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Proteínas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
New viruses are continuously emerging and recently there have been many great concerns on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Nanographene oxide (nanoGO) has received much attention and is widely investigated to be utilised in therapy for infectious diseases by viruses. Thus, antiviral activity of nanoGO was evaluated using the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), and SARS-CoV-2, which are all Alpha- and Beta-coronavirus. In a virus inhibition assay, the three viruses were inhibited by nanoGO in a dose-dependent manner, including attempts in the presence of high serum solution which partially mimicked biological fluid.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Coronavirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Desinfetantes , Grafite/farmacologia , Nanoestruturas , HumanosRESUMO
Kobuviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses with a single-stranded, positive-sense genomic RNA, belonging to the family Picornaviridae, a highly diverse family of important pathogens of human and other animals. Porcine kobuvirus has been found recently, and consequently, information about the virus is lacking. In this study, we identified porcine kobuviruses from pigs in Korea by RT-PCR, cloning and sequencing, and we showed the existence of genetic diversity among geographically separated porcine kobuviruses through genetic and phylogenetic analysis. Epidemiological studies of porcine kobuvirus linked to diarrhea indicated that porcine kobuvirus infections are endemic in diarrheic pigs in Korea. Statistical analysis of the porcine kobuvirus positive rate between diarrheic and healthy pigs as well as a survey for other enteric pathogens in diarrheic pigs suggests that porcine kobuvirus may play a role as a causative agent of gastroenteritis in pigs.
Assuntos
Diarreia/veterinária , Kobuvirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Picornaviridae/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/virologia , Kobuvirus/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Infecções por Picornaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Picornaviridae/virologia , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The relationship between canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) and canine influenza virus (CIV) seropositivity in dogs in Korea was examined. Sixty-two of the 483 samples (12.8%) were seropositive for CRCoV by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) analysis. Nineteen animals were seropositive for CIV by ELISA out of the 385 samples tested. Serum antibodies for both viruses were detected in 6 of the 483 dogs sampled, suggesting that these viruses are present in dogs in Korea. Although the role of CRCoV in canine infectious tracheobronchitis has not been fully elucidated, co-infection with CIV may synergistically worsen respiratory clinical signs and result in more severe canine tracheobronchitis.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/virologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Animais , Animais Domésticos/virologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Cães , Humanos , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Coreia (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/imunologia , SuínosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: More than 13,000 cases were reported to be infected with COVID-19 by RT-PCR in South Korea. Most studies report clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with COVID-19; the full spectrum of disease severity has thus not yet been well described. METHODS: Using retrospective observational methods, this study analyzed factors affecting early clinical symptoms, clinical progress, and severity of disease for COVID-19 positive patients released from quarantine to provide information on establishing optimized care for new patients. The medical data of 7803 laboratory-confirmed patients who had been discharged or died by April 30, 2020 were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. FINDINGS: On admission, 7383 (94â¢5%) patients were asymptomatic or showed mild illness, and 372 (4â¢8%) patients were severe illness. Also, 48 (0 0â¢6%) were hospitalized with critically ill when diagnosed. Most patients with asymptomatic or mild illness on admission remained mild until discharge, 253 (3â¢4%) progressed to severe illness, and 83 (1â¢1%) died in hospital. However, the case fatality were 29â¢8% and 62â¢5% in severe and critically ill patients, respectively. At admission, 73â¢0% of hospitalized patients had symptoms; most common were cough (42â¢5%), sputum (28â¢8%), and fever (20â¢1%). Only 35â¢2% of laboratory confirmed patients admitted to the temporary care facility complained of symptoms. Increasing odds of being critically ill was associated with older age (OR 28â¢93, 95% CI 13â¢34-62â¢75 for age >70y, vs. age <50 y; p<0â¢0001), being male (OR 2â¢15, 95% CI1â¢59-2â¢89; p<0â¢0001), fever (OR 2â¢52, 95% CI 1.84-3â¢45; p<0â¢0001), and shortness of breath (OR 7â¢40, 95% CI 5â¢37-10â¢19; p<0â¢0001). Comorbid illness significantly increased risk of critical illness or death. INTERPRETATION: Most cases were discharged as asymptomatic or recovered from mild illness, and only 9â¢7% developed severe disease requiring oxygen therapy or more. Case fatality rate was 2â¢9%, and markedly increased in those over age 50. Risk factors such as age, sex, fever, shortness of breath, and underlying disease can be useful in predicting future clinical severity. Additionally, the number of confirmed asymptomatic COVID-19 patients significantly contribute to continued spread. FUNDING: none.
RESUMO
We introduce the design and implementation of a new array, the Korea Biobank Array (referred to as KoreanChip), optimized for the Korean population and demonstrate findings from GWAS of blood biochemical traits. KoreanChip comprised >833,000 markers including >247,000 rare-frequency or functional variants estimated from >2,500 sequencing data in Koreans. Of the 833 K markers, 208 K functional markers were directly genotyped. Particularly, >89 K markers were presented in East Asians. KoreanChip achieved higher imputation performance owing to the excellent genomic coverage of 95.38% for common and 73.65% for low-frequency variants. From GWAS (Genome-wide association study) using 6,949 individuals, 28 associations were successfully recapitulated. Moreover, 9 missense variants were newly identified, of which we identified new associations between a common population-specific missense variant, rs671 (p.Glu457Lys) of ALDH2, and two traits including aspartate aminotransferase (P = 5.20 × 10-13) and alanine aminotransferase (P = 4.98 × 10-8). Furthermore, two novel missense variants of GPT with rare frequency in East Asians but extreme rarity in other populations were associated with alanine aminotransferase (rs200088103; p.Arg133Trp, P = 2.02 × 10-9 and rs748547625; p.Arg143Cys, P = 1.41 × 10-6). These variants were successfully replicated in 6,000 individuals (P = 5.30 × 10-8 and P = 1.24 × 10-6). GWAS results suggest the promising utility of KoreanChip with a substantial number of damaging variants to identify new population-specific disease-associated rare/functional variants.