RESUMO
Emerging and potential influenza pandemics still are an enormous worldwide public health challenge. The PAN endonuclease has been proved to be a promising target for anti-influenza drug design. Here, we report the discovery and optimization of potent Y-shaped PAN inhibitors featuring multi-site binding characteristics with l-DOPA as a starting point. We systematically modified the hit 1 bearing two-binding characteristics based on structure-based rational design combined with multisite binding and conformational constraint strategies, generating four families of l-DOPA derivatives for SARs analysis. Among these substances, N, 3-di-substituted 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative T-31 displayed superior properties as a lead PAN endonuclease inhibitor and antiviral agent. The lead T-31 inhibited PAN endonuclease activity with an IC50 value of 0.15 µM and showed broad and submicromolar anti-influenza potency in cell-based assays. More importantly, T-31 could simultaneously target both influenza HA and the RdRp complex, thus interfering with virus entry into host cells and viral replication. This study offers a set of novel PAN endonuclease inhibitors with multi-site binding characteristics starting from the l-DOPA skeleton.
Assuntos
Influenza Humana , Humanos , Levodopa , Endonucleases , Antivirais/químicaRESUMO
The recent global Omicron epidemics underscore the great need for the development of small molecule therapeutics with appropriate mechanisms. The trimeric spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a pivotal role in mediating viral entry into host cells. We continued our efforts to develop small-molecule SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors. In this work, two sets of BA derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the hit BA-1 that was identified as a novel SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor. Compound BA-4, the most potent one, showed broad inhibitory activities against pOmicron and other pseudotyped variants with EC50 values ranging 2.73 to 5.19 µM. Moreover, pSARS-CoV-2 assay, SPR analysis, Co-IP assay and the cell-cell fusion assay coupled with docking and mutagenesis studies revealed that BA-4 could stabilize S in the pre-fusion step to interfere with the membrane fusion, thereby displaying promising inhibition against Omicron entry.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Inibidores da Fusão de HIV , Ácido Oleanólico , Saponinas , Viroses , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Ácido Oleanólico/farmacologiaRESUMO
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) has a significant impact on rice yield and quality worldwide. Traditionally, bactericide application has been commonly used to control this devastating disease. However, the overuse of fungicides has led to a number of problems such as the development of resistance and environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of new methods and approaches for disease control are still urgent. In this paper, a series of cinnamic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized, and three novel T3SS inhibitors A10, A12 and A20 were discovered. Novel T3SS inhibitors A10, A12 and A20 significantly inhibited the hpa1 promoter activity without affecting Xoo growth. Further studies revealed that the title compounds A10, A12 and A20 significantly impaired hypersensitivity in non-host plant tobacco leaves, while applications on rice significantly reduced symptoms of bacterial leaf blight. RT-PCR showed that compound A20 inhibited the expression of T3SS-related genes. In summary, this work exemplifies the potential of the title compound as an inhibitor of T3SS and its efficacy in the control of bacterial leaf blight.
Assuntos
Oryza , Xanthomonas , Sistemas de Secreção Tipo III/genética , Sistemas de Secreção Tipo III/metabolismo , Cinamatos/farmacologia , Cinamatos/metabolismo , Xanthomonas/metabolismo , Oryza/metabolismoRESUMO
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a prevalent and endemic swine pathogen which causes significant economic losses in the global swine industry. Multiple vaccines have been developed to prevent PRRSV infection. However, they provide limited protection. Moreover, no effective therapeutic drugs are yet available. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antiviral strategies to prevent PRRSV infection and transmission. Here we report that Toosendanin (TSN), a tetracyclic triterpene found in the bark or fruits of Melia toosendan Sieb. et Zucc., strongly suppressed type 2 PRRSV replication in vitro in Marc-145 cells and ex vivo in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) at sub-micromolar concentrations. The results of transcriptomics revealed that TSN up-regulated the expression of IFI16 in Marc-145 cells. Furthermore, we found that IFI16 silencing enhanced the replication of PRRSV in Marc-145 cells and that the anti-PRRSV activity of TSN was dampened by IFI16 silencing, suggesting that the inhibition of TSN against PRRSV replication is IFI16-dependent. In addition, we showed that TSN activated caspase-1 and induced maturation of IL-1ß in an IFI16-dependent pathway. To verify the role of IL-1ß in PRRSV infection, we analyzed the effect of exogenous rmIL-1ß on PRRSV replication, and the results showed that exogenous IL-1ß significantly inhibited PRRSV replication in Marc-145 cells and PAMs in a dose-dependent manner. Altogether, our findings indicate that TSN significantly inhibits PRRSV replication at very low concentrations (EC50: 0.16-0.20 µM) and may provide opportunities for developing novel anti-PRRSV agents.
Assuntos
Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Caspase 1 , Linhagem Celular , Macrófagos Alveolares , Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/metabolismo , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/metabolismo , Triterpenos , Replicação ViralRESUMO
It is urgent to develop new antiviral agents due to the continuous emergence of drug-resistant strains of influenza virus. Our earlier studies have identified that certain pentacyclic triterpene saponins with 3-O-ß-chacotriosyl residue are novel H5N1 virus entry inhibitors. In the present study, a series of C-28 modified 3-O-ß-chacotriosyl epiursolic acid derivatives via conjugation with different kinds of sides were synthesized, of which anti-H5N1 activities in A549 cells were evaluated in vitro. Among them, 10 exhibited strongest anti-H5N1 potency at the low-micromole level without cytotoxicity, surpassing the potency of ribavirin. Further mechanism studies of the lead compound 10 based on HI, SPR and molecular modeling revealed that these new 3-epiursolic acid saponins could bind tightly to the viral envelope HA protein, thus blocking the invasion of H5N1 viruses into host cells.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/efeitos dos fármacos , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Internalização do Vírus/efeitos dos fármacos , Células A549 , Antivirais/síntese química , Antivirais/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Triterpenos/síntese química , Triterpenos/química , Ácido UrsólicoRESUMO
The glycoprotein hemagglutinin of influenza virus plays a key role in the initial stage of virus infection, making it a potential target for novel influenza viruses entry inhibitors. Two "privileged fragments", 2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethan-1-amine and 2-(1,3-oxazinan-3-yl)ethan-1-amine were integrated into 3-O-ß-chacotriosyl ursolic acid producing new derivatives 5 and 6 with improved activity against IAVs in vitro. Mechanistically, compound 6 was effective in inhibiting infection of H1-, H3-, and H5-typed influenza A viruses by interfering with the viral hemagglutinin. Furthermore, the docking studies were in agreement with the antiviral data. These results showed that the title compound 6 as a new lead compound was meriting further optimization and development.
Assuntos
Aminas/farmacologia , Antivirais/farmacologia , Glicoproteínas de Hemaglutininação de Vírus da Influenza/metabolismo , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/efeitos dos fármacos , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Células A549 , Aminas/química , Animais , Antivirais/síntese química , Antivirais/química , Cães , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Células Madin Darby de Rim Canino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Triterpenos/química , Internalização do Vírus/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido UrsólicoRESUMO
Currently, it is in urgent need to develop novel selective PDE4 inhibitors with novel structural scaffolds to overcome the adverse effects and improve the efficacy. Novel 1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline amide derivatives were developed as potential PDE4 inhibitors based on the structure-based drug design and fragment identification strategy. A SARs analysis was performed in substituents attached in the C-3 side chain phenyl ring, indicating that the attachment of methoxy group or halogen atom substitution at the ortho-position of the phenyl ring was helpful to enhance both inhibitory activity toward PDE4B and selectivity. Compound 15 with excellent selectivity, exhibited the most potent inhibition in vitro and in vivo, which is a promising lead for development of a new class of selective PDE4 inhibitors.
Assuntos
Amidas/farmacologia , Nucleotídeo Cíclico Fosfodiesterase do Tipo 4/metabolismo , Descoberta de Drogas , Isoquinolinas/farmacologia , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/farmacologia , Amidas/síntese química , Amidas/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Isoquinolinas/síntese química , Isoquinolinas/química , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/síntese química , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Currently, entry inhibitors contribute immensely in developing a new generation of anti-influenza virus drugs. Our earlier studies have identified that 3-O-ß-chacotriosyl ursolic acid (1) could inhibit H5N1 pseudovirus by targeting hemagglutinin (HA). In the present study, a series of C-28 modified pentacyclic triterpene saponins via conjugation with a series of amide derivatives were synthesized and their antiviral activities against influenza A/Duck/Guangdong/99 virus (H5N1) in MDCK cells were evaluated. The SARs analysis of these compounds revealed that introduction of certain amide structures at the 17-COOH of ursolic acid could significantly enhance both their antiviral activity and selective index. This study indicated that the attachment of the methoxy group or Cl atom to the phenyl ring at the ortho- or para-position was crucial to improve inhibitory activity. Mechanism studies demonstrated that these title triterpenoids could bind tightly to the viral envelope HA to block the attachment of viruses to host cells, which was consistent with docking studies.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/efeitos dos fármacos , Triterpenos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Humanos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Ácido UrsólicoRESUMO
This paper describes our medicinal chemistry efforts on 7-(cyclopentyloxy)-6-methoxy1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline scaffold: design, synthesis and biological evaluation using conformational restriction approach and bioisosteric replacement strategy. Biological data revealed that the majority of the synthesized compounds of this series displayed moderate to potent inhibitory activity against PDE4B and strong inhibition of LPS-induced TNFα release. Among them, compound 19 exhibited the strongest inhibition against PDE4B with an IC50 of 0.88⯵M and 21 times more potent selectivity toward PDE4B over PDE4D when compared to rolipram. A primary structure-activity relationship study showed that the attachment of CH3O group or CF3O group to the phenyl ring at the para-position was helpful to enhance the inhibitory activity against PDE4B. Moreover, sulfonamide group played a key role in improving the inhibitory activity against PDE4B and subtype selectivity. In addition, the attachment of the additional rigid substituents at the C-3 position of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline ring was favored to subtype selectivity, which was consistent well with the observed docking simulation.
Assuntos
Nucleotídeo Cíclico Fosfodiesterase do Tipo 4/metabolismo , Desenho de Fármacos , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/farmacologia , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Lipopolissacarídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/síntese química , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/síntese química , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/química , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
A series of 3,5-dimethylpyrazole derivatives containing 5-phenyl-2-furan moiety were designed and synthesized as phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors. Bioassay results showed that the title compounds exhibited considerable inhibitory activity against PDE4B and blockade of LPS-induced TNFα release. Among the designed compounds, compound If showed the best inhibitory activity against PDE4B with the IC50 value of 1.7⯵M, which also showed good in vivo activity in animal models of asthma/COPD and sepsis induced by LPS. The primary structure-activity relationship (SAR) study and docking results suggested that introduction of the substituent groups to the phenyl ring at the para-position, especially methoxy group, was helpful to enhance inhibitory activity against PDE4B.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/síntese química , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/farmacologia , Pirazóis/síntese química , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Animais , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Camundongos , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/uso terapêutico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Tetrahydroquinoline and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives containing 2-phenyl-5-furan moiety were designed and synthesized as phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors. The bioassay results showed that title compounds showed good inhibitory activity against PDE4B and blockade of LPS (lipopolysaccharide) induced TNF-α release, which also exhibited considerable in vivo activity in animal models of asthma/COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and sepsis induced by LPS. The bioactivity of compounds containing tetrahydroquinoline (series 4) was higher than that of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives (series 3). Compound 4â¯m with 4-methoxybenzene moiety exhibited the best potential selective activity against PDE4B. The primary structure-activity relationship study and docking results showed that the tetrahydroquinoline moiety of compound 4â¯m played a key role to form hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interaction with PDE4B protein while the rest part of the molecule extended into the catalytic domain to block the access of cAMP and formed the foundation for inhibition of PDE4B. Based on LPS induced sepsis model for the measurement of TNF-α inhibition in Swiss Albino mice and neutrophilia inhibition for asthma and COPD in Sprague Dawley rats with the potential molecules, compound 4â¯m would be great promise as a hit inhibitor in the future study.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/farmacologia , Quinolinas/química , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/química , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/farmacologia , Animais , Domínio Catalítico , Camundongos , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Highly pathogenic H5N1 virus (H5N1) entry is a key target for the development of novel anti-influenza agents with new mechanisms of action. In our continuing efforts to identify novel potential anti-H5N1 entry inhibitors, a series of 3-O-ß-chacotriosyl oleanolic acid analogs have been designed, synthesized and evaluated as H5N1 entry inhibitors based on two small molecule inhibitors 1 and 2 previously discovered by us. The anti-H5N1 entry activities were determined based on HA/HIV and VSVG/HIV entry assays. Compound 15 displayed the most promising anti-H5N1 entry activities with average IC50 values of 4.05µM and good selective index (22.9). Detailed structure-activity relationships (SARs) studies suggested that either the introduction of an additional oxo group to position 11 at OA or alteration of the C-3 configuration of OA from 3ß- to 3α-forms can significantly enhance the selective index while maintaining their antiviral activities in vitro. Molecular simulation analysis confirmed that the compounds exert their inhibitory activity through binding tightly to hemagglutinin (HA2) protein near the fusion peptide and prevent virus entry.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Oleanólico/farmacologia , Animais , Antivirais/síntese química , Antivirais/química , Cães , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células Madin Darby de Rim Canino/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Madin Darby de Rim Canino/virologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Ácido Oleanólico/síntese química , Ácido Oleanólico/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
In this study, a series of pyrazole derivatives containing 4-phenyl-2-oxazole moiety were designed and synthesized in a concise way, some of which exhibited considerable inhibitory activity against PDE4B and blockade of LPS-induced TNF-α release. Compound 4c displayed the strongest inhibition activity (IC50=1.6±0.4µM) and good selectivity against PDE4B. Meanwhile, compound 4c showed good in vivo activity in animal models of asthma/COPD and sepsis induced by LPS. The primary structure-activity relationship study showed the 3,5-dimethylpyrazole residue was essential for the bioactivity, and the substituted group R1 at the benzene ring also affected the activity. Docking results showed that compound 4c played a key role to form integral hydrogen bonds and a π-π stacking interaction, using hydrazide scaffold (CONN) and pyrazole ring respectively, with PDE4B protein. While the rest part of the molecule extended into the catalytic domain to block the access of cAMP and formed the foundation for inhibition of PDE4B. Compound 4c would be great promise as a lead compound for further study based on the preliminary structure-activity relationship and molecular modeling studies.
Assuntos
Oxazóis/química , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/química , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/farmacologia , Pirazóis/química , Animais , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Carbono-13 , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Desenho de Fármacos , Feminino , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Masculino , Camundongos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/síntese química , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/uso terapêutico , Espectroscopia de Prótons por Ressonância Magnética , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Improvement of subtype selectivity of an inhibitor's binding activity using the conformational restriction approach has become an effective strategy in drug discovery. In this study, we applied this approach to PDE4 inhibitors and designed a series of novel oxazolidinone-fused 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as conformationally restricted analogues of rolipram. The bioassay results demonstrated the oxazolidinone-fused tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activity against PDE4B and high selectivity for PDE4B/PDE4D. Among these derivatives, compound 12 showed both the strongest inhibition activity (IC50=0.60µM) as well as good selectivity against PDE4B and good in vivo activity in animal models of asthma/COPD and sepsis induced by LPS. The primary SAR study showed that restricting the conformation of the catechol moiety in rolipram with the scaffold of oxazolidinone-fused tetrahydroisoquinoline could lead to an increase in selectivity for PDE4B over PDE4D, which was consistent with the observed docking simulation.
Assuntos
Desenho de Fármacos , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/síntese química , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/farmacologia , Animais , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Nucleotídeo Cíclico Fosfodiesterase do Tipo 4/química , Nucleotídeo Cíclico Fosfodiesterase do Tipo 4/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Conformação Molecular , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/síntese química , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/química , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/farmacologia , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/uso terapêutico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Rolipram/química , Rolipram/farmacologia , Rolipram/uso terapêutico , Sepse/tratamento farmacológico , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/química , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Oligosaccharides have been used for an environmentally friendly insect control in the agricultural industry. In order to discover novel eco-friendly pesticides, a series of partially acetylated oligorhamnoses mezzettiasides, 2-8, and their analogues, 9-14, with biosurfactant characteristics were designed and synthesized, some of which exhibited comparable to or even stronger aphicidal activity than pymetrozine. Preliminary SAR studies demonstrated that the aphicidal activity of mezzettiasides analogs is highly dependent on their structures, including both the sugar length and the substitutes on the sugar. Among them, trirhamnolipid 9 displayed the strongest aphicidal activity, with an LC50 of 0.019 mmol/L, indicating that the biosurfactant 9 may have potential for use as an environmentally friendly agricultural pesticide.
Assuntos
Glicolipídeos/síntese química , Inseticidas/síntese química , Oligossacarídeos/síntese química , Animais , Afídeos , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Controle de Insetos/métodos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Triazinas/químicaRESUMO
A series of pyrazole and triazole derivatives containing 5-phenyl-2-furan functionality were designed and synthesized as phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors. The bioassay results showed that title compounds exhibited considerable inhibitory activity against PDE4B and blockade of LPS-induced TNFα release. Meanwhile, the activity of compounds containing 1,2,4-triazole (series II) was higher than that of pyrazole-attached derivatives (series I). The primary structure-activity relationship study and docking results showed that the 1,2,4-triazole moiety of compound IIk played a key role to form integral hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interaction with PDE4B protein while the rest part of the molecule extended into the catalytic domain to block the access of cAMP and formed the foundation for inhibition of PDE4. Compound IIk would be great promise as a hit compound for further study based on the preliminary structure-activity relationship and molecular modeling studies.
Assuntos
Nucleotídeo Cíclico Fosfodiesterase do Tipo 4/metabolismo , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/farmacologia , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Triazóis/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Lipopolissacarídeos/antagonistas & inibidores , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/síntese química , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/química , Pirazóis/síntese química , Pirazóis/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Triazóis/síntese química , Triazóis/química , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossínteseRESUMO
Two partially acylated oligorhamnoside derivatives 1 and 2 structurally related to the natural product mezzettiaside-6 were synthesized via a '2 + 1 + 1' convergent strategy. The bioassay results showed that the introduction of the acetyl groups to the 2-position of the terminal l-rhamnose was helpful to improve in vitro cytotoxicity. Compound 1 showed both extensive in vitro cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines and potential antimultidrug resistance capability. Preliminary mechanistic studies demonstrated that compound 1 could inhibit cell growth by inducing apoptosis, arresting cell cycle progression at the S phase in K562 cells.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Ramnose/análogos & derivados , Ramnose/farmacologia , Acilação , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Células K562 , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Ramnose/síntese químicaRESUMO
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, which possessed 7-(cyclopentyloxy)-6-methoxy 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline ring, were described. Compound 8 [(7-cyclopentyloxy)-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)methanone] showed the best inhibitory activity and good selectivity against PDE4B. The docking results showed that the catechol diether moiety of compound 8 played a key role to form integral hydrogen bonds with PDE4B protein while the rest part of the molecule extended into the catalytic domain to block the access of cAMP and formed the foundation for inhibition of PDE4. Compound 8 would be great promise as a hit compound for further study based on the preliminary structure-activity relationship and molecular modeling studies.
Assuntos
Nucleotídeo Cíclico Fosfodiesterase do Tipo 4/metabolismo , Desenho de Fármacos , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/farmacologia , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/síntese química , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 4/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/síntese química , Tetra-Hidroisoquinolinas/químicaRESUMO
To identify potent inhibitors of the type III secretion system (T3SS) in the foodborne pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we synthesized 35 thiazole-containing aryl amides by merging salicylic acid with various heterocycles through active splicing. Screening for exoS promoter activity led to the discovery of a highly effective T3SS inhibitor from these 35 compounds. Through subsequent experiments, it was confirmed that compound II-22 specifically targeted the T3SS of P. aeruginosa. Additionally, compound II-22 inhibited the secretion of the effector protein ExoS by modulating the CyaB-cAMP/Vfr-ExsA and ExsCED-ExsA regulatory pathways. Furthermore, compound II-22 suppressed the transcription of genes involved in the needle complex assembly, leading to reduced bacterial virulence. Further validation through inoculation tests using Galleria mellonella larvae demonstrated the strong in vivo efficacy of compound II-22. The study also revealed that compound II-22 enhanced the bactericidal activity of antibiotics, such as CIP (ciprofloxacin) and TOB (tobramycin). These results could help develop novel antimicrobial drugs to reduce bacterial resistance.
Assuntos
Amidas , Antibacterianos , Proteínas de Bactérias , Desenho de Fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Tiazóis , Sistemas de Secreção Tipo III , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Sistemas de Secreção Tipo III/genética , Sistemas de Secreção Tipo III/antagonistas & inibidores , Sistemas de Secreção Tipo III/metabolismo , Tiazóis/farmacologia , Tiazóis/química , Tiazóis/síntese química , Amidas/farmacologia , Amidas/química , Amidas/síntese química , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Infecções por Pseudomonas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Animais , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mariposas/microbiologia , HumanosRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Kunxian capsule (KXC) is a new traditional Chinese medicine drug included in "The key science and technology achievements" in the Ninth Five Year Plan of China. KXC has been clinically used for more than 10 years in the treatment of lupus nephritis (LN). However, the underlying role and molecular mechanism of KXC in LN remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to explore the efficacy and potential mechanisms of KXC through pharmacological network, in vitro and in vivo studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pharmacological network analysis of KXC treatment in LN was performed using data acquired from the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP, https://old.tcmsp-e.com/tcmsp.php) and NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/database). HK-2 cells were chosen as an in vitro model of the tubular immune response by simulation with interferon γ (IFN-γ). MRL/lpr mice were used to explore the mechanism of KXC in vivo. Finally, the specific active molecules of KXC were further analyzed by molecular docking. RESULTS: The pharmacological network analysis showed that STAT1 is a key factor in the effects of KXC. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the therapeutic effect of KXC on LN renal function and tubular inflammation. The protective effect of KXC is mediated by STAT1 blockade, which further reduces T-cell infiltration and improves the renal microenvironment in LN. Two main components of KXC, Tripterygium hypoglaucum (H.Lév.) Hutch (Shanhaitang) and Epimedium brevicornu Maxim (Yinyanghuo) could block JAK1-STAT1 activation. Furthermore, we found 8 molecules that could bind to the ATP pocket of JAK1 with high affinities by performing docking analysis. CONCLUSIONS: KXC inhibits renal damage and T-cell infiltration in LN by blocking the JAK1-STAT1 pathway.