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In this study, a couple of tetradentate Pt(II) enantiomers ((-)-1 and (+)-1) and a couple of tetradentate Pt(IV) enantiomers ((-)-2 and (+)-2) containing fused 5/6/6 metallocycles have been synthesized by controlling reaction conditions. Two valence forms could transform into each other through mild chemical oxidants and reductants. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirms the structures of (-)-1 and (-)-2. The coordination sphere of the Pt(II) cation in (-)-1 displays a distorted square-planar geometry and a platinum centroid helix chirality. In contrast, the structure of (-)-2 reveals a distorted octahedral geometry. The solution and the solid of (-)-1 are highly luminescent. Complex (-)-1 shows a prominent aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) behavior in DMSO/water solution with emission quantum yield (Φ em) up to 73.2%. Furthermore, highly phosphorescent Pt(II) enantiomers exhibit significant circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with a dissymmetry factor (g lum) of order 10-3 in CH2Cl2 solutions at room temperature. Symmetrically appreciable CPL signals are observed for the enantiomers (-)-1 and (+)-1.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of Candida spp. in the patients with high-risk of fungal infection and the risk factors of deep candidiasis. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was performed among 440 consecutive hospitalized patients admitted to the hematology wards, geriatric wards, and ICUs from May 2004 to April 2005. Stool, urine, and saliva were cultured during the period 72 - 96 h after hospitalization for the first time and then once a week till the patient was discharged or by the end of the sixth week. If deep fungal infection was suspected culture of blood, sputum, bacterium-free body fluid, and/or biopsy specimens were cultured. Medical records were reviewed to analyze the possible risk factors. RESULTS: 426 strains of Candida spp. were isolated from 152 patients, with Candida albicans accounting for 67.4% and other Candida spp for 32.6%. 61 patients were discovered to express Candida colonization. The major species isolated from patients with Candida colonization was Candida albicans. The risk factors identified included two or more broad-spectrum antibiotic administration (odds ratio 16.204; 95% confidence interval, 2.005 to 130.980), Candida colonization (10.636; 3.743 to 30.222), and urinary canal administration (4.285; 1.399 to 13.127). CONCLUSION: Candida albicans is still the major organism isolated from the high risk fungal infection patients. Two or more broad-spectrum antibiotic administration, Candida colonization, and urinary canal administration are proved to be the risk factors, with the broad-spectrum antibiotic administration exhibiting more influence than Candida colonization and urinary canal administration.
Assuntos
Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candidíase/epidemiologia , China/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficiency of both the APACHE II/III scoring systems in predicting the prognosis of patients older than 75 years. METHODS: We calculated both the APACHE II and III scores in patients older than 75 years who were admitted to the geriatric intensive care unit (GICU) of our hospital in a duration of 6 months. The scores and predicting death rates were compared with the actual death rates. RESULTS: There was definite correlation between the APACHE II/III scores and the actual death rates. Sensitivity of the APACHE II/III systems are 66.7% and 41.7% respectively. Specificity of the APACHE II/III systems are 90.9% and 100% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both the APACHE II/III systems can do well in predicting the prognosis of ICU patients older than 75 years, but APACHE III tends to underestimate the hospital death rate of elderly patients.
Assuntos
APACHE , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Insuficiência de Múltiplos Órgãos/mortalidade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , Prognóstico , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
The aim was to determine whether ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) promotes dual targeting of HSP72 and HSC70 for therapy of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), to improve the specific and efficient delivery of siRNA, to induce tumor cell specific apoptosis, and to find new therapeutic targets specific of CRPC.VCaP cells were transfected with siRNA oligonucleotides. HSP70, HSP90 and cleaved caspase-3 expression were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Apoptosis and transfection efficiency were assessed by flow cytometry. Cell viability assays were used to evaluate safety. We found HSP72, HSC70 and HSP90 expression to be absent or weak in normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1), but uniformly strong in prostate cancerous cells (VCaP). UTMD combined with dual targeting of HSP72 and HSC70 siRNA improve the efficiency of transfection, cell uptake of siRNA, downregulation of HSP70 and HSP90 expression in VCaP cells at the mRNA and protein level, and induction of extensive tumor-specific apoptosis. Cell counting kit-8 assays showed decreased cellular viability in the HSP72/HSC70-siRNA silenced group. These results suggest that the combination of UTMD with dual targeting HSP70 therapy for PCa may be most efficacious, providng a novel, reliable, non-invasive, safe targeted approach to improve the specific and efficient delivery of siRNA, and achieve maximal effects.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSC70/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP72/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/genética , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/genética , Apoptose/genética , Caspase 3/biossíntese , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular , Regulação para Baixo , Terapia Genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSC70/biossíntese , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP72/biossíntese , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/biossíntese , Humanos , Masculino , Microbolhas , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/terapia , Interferência de RNA , RNA Interferente Pequeno , Transfecção , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Metastatic lung cancer is one of the most common oncologic problems. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical outcome of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for metastatic lung tumors. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the 71 patients with lung metastases, who had 172 lesions treated with SBRT from January 2000 to December 2006. All patients were unfit or failed after surgery and/or chemotherapy. The median total dose was 48 Gy (range, 30 - 60) in 4 (range, 2 - 12) fractions. The median size of the irradiated lesions was 2.1 cm (range, 0.9 - 7.9 cm). RESULTS: All but two patients received follow up. The median follow-up time was 24.7 months (range, 2.9 - 114.4 months). The median follow-up time for living patients was 86.8 months (range, 58.1 - 114.4 months). The 1-, 3-, 5-year local control and overall survival rates were 88.8%, 75.4%, 75.4% and 78.9%, 40.8%, 25.2%. Multivariate analysis showed that the absence of extrapulmonary metastases (P = 0.024; hazard ratio (HR), 1.894; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.086 - 3.303) and disease-free interval ≤ 12 months (P = 0.014; HR, 0.511; 95%CI, 0.299 - 0.873) were independent prognostic factors. No grade 3 or more acute and late toxicities occurred. Only one patient developed a non-symptomatic rib fracture. CONCLUSION: SBRT could be an alternative treatment to surgery for subsets of patients with lung metastases with favorable long-term survival and tolerable complications.