[Polaroid oscopic diagnosis of early corneal dystrophic changes in dry eye syndrome].

The current methods widely used in ophthalmology to examine patients to diagnose the dry eye syndrome and to trace the course of a process are invasive. Both the Norn test using stains and the Schirmer test with the filter paper strips being inserted are stimuli that affect the rate of tear generation, which misrepresents the data obtainable. The developed procedures for examining the eye in polarized light permit one to considerably reduce the invasiveness of patient examination. The study indicated the high efficiency and diagnostic value of the proposed procedures in the examination of patients with the dry eye syndrome. Polarization filters available in the standard kit of up-to-date slit lamps make it possible to use the proposed procedures without any modification of ophthalmological equipment in wide clinical practice.

[Surgical treatment policy using recombinant prourokinase for submacular hemorrhages].

An immunofluorescence technique was used to study the transretinal penetration of intravitreal fibrinolytic agent Hemase (a recombinant urokinase) in an experiment on 4 rabbit eyes. Hemase (54 kD) was proved to be able to penetrate across all retinal layers 2 hours after intravitreal administration. The efficacy of Hemase was tested in the treatment of submacular hemorrhages (SMH) of various etiology. Thirteen patients with SMH associated with age-related macular degeneration or ophthalmic injury were enrolled in the study. Hemase 500 IU was intravitreally injected 24 hours before pneumatic dislocation of SMH in 10 patients. In 3 patients with massive SMH, the proposed vitrectomy procedure was employed, by epiretinally injecting the fibrinolytic agent under a gas bubble, followed by drainage of the subretinal space. The operation was ended, by administering air and Hemase, and then by putting the patient in the supine position for 3-4 hours, thereafter his/her position was recommended to be changed to the prone position to realize the mechanism of pneumatic dislocation. The studies suggest that pneumatic SMH dislocation in combination with Hemase administration permits visual acuity to be increased in 80% of cases. The efficiency of manipulation and the functional outcome of treatment depend on the etiology of hemorrhage. The proposed vitrectomy technique using Hemase reduces neuroepithelial injury, effectively drains SMH, and dislocates its remnants from the foveal area.

[Study of risk factors of laser irradiation-induced intraocular lens damage].

The rate of distant damages to intraocular lens (IOL) was studied in relation to its material and manufacture procedure (punching or turning), and its posterior lens capsular position in 120 patients (125 eyes) who had undergone laser secondary cataract discussion. The resistance of lenses made from silicone, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and acryl to YAG laser irradiation (1.076 microm) was studied in an experiment. The findings suggest that the risk for distant IOL damaged in YAG-capsulotomy is higher in PMMA lenses made by punching and silicone IOL. Artificial acryl lenses show a high resistance to YAG laser irradiation. The nature and depth of IOL damages are not entirely determined by the physical properties of a lens material and they are also associated with the distance of a lens and an irradiated structure. If there are specific posterior capsular changes as jelly-like thickening and if convex-designed lenses are implanted, then there is no safe distance between the capsule and IOL, which permanently leads to its damage by YAG-laser irradiation.

[Experimental (in vivo) study of the capacities of use of radachlorine (chlorine E-6) for photodynamic therapy in ophthalmology].

To study the capacities of ophthalmological application of the photosensitizer Radachlorine (0.35% solution for intravenous injection), the authors carried out a series of in vivo experiments on rabbits. They studied the time parameters of distribution of the agent in the chorioretinal complex and the reaction of newly formed vessels to photodynamic therapy. Radiation of a diode laser at a wavelength of 0.662 microm was used to stimulate the photosensitizer. A video micro-camera adapted to the ocular of a split lamp was applied to fluorescence fixation. Superficial corneal vascularization was used as a model of the neovascular membrane in response to the application of a non-penetrating silk suture. The findings suggest that photodynamic therapy using Radachlorine is safe and effective in treating ocular tissue neovascularization.