Weekend ethanol consumption and high-sucrose diet: resveratrol effects on energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, lipid profile, oxidative stress and hepatic energy metabolism.

AIMS: The present study analyzed the association between weekend ethanol and high-sucrose diet on oxygen consumption, lipid profile, oxidative stress and hepatic energy metabolism. Because resveratrol (RS, 3,5,4'-trans-trihydroxystilbene) has been implicated as a modulator of alcohol-independent cardiovascular protection attributed to red wine, we also determined whether RS could change the damage done by this lifestyle. METHODS: Male Wistar 24 rats receiving standard chow were divided into four groups (n = 6/group): (C) water throughout the experimental period; (E) 30% ethanol 3 days/week, water 4 days/week; (ES) a mixture of 30% ethanol and 30% sucrose 3 days/week, drinking 30% sucrose 4 days/week; (ESR) 30% ethanol and 30% sucrose containing 6 mg/l RS 3 days/week, drinking 30% sucrose 4 days/week. RESULTS: After 70 days the body weight was highest in ESR rats. E rats had higher energy expenditure (resting metabolic rate), oxygen consumption (VO(2)), fat oxidation, serum triacylglycerol (TG) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) than C. ES rats normalized calorimetric parameters and enhanced carbohydrate oxidation. ESR ameliorated calorimetric parameters, reduced TG, VLDL and lipid hydroperoxide/total antioxidant substances, as well enhanced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL/TG ratio. Hepatic hydroxyacyl coenzyme-A dehydrogenase (OHADH)/citrate synthase ratio was lower in E and ES rats than in C. OHADH was highest in ESR rats. CONCLUSIONS: The present study brought new insights on weekend alcohol consumption, demonstrating for the first time, that this pattern of ethanol exposure induced dyslipidemic profile, calorimetric and hepatic metabolic changes which resemble that of the alcoholism. No synergistic effects were found with weekend ethanol and high-sucrose intake. RS was advantageous in weekend drinking and high-sucrose intake condition ameliorating hepatic metabolism and improving risk factors for cardiovascular damage.

Carga da tuberculose e perfil sociodemográfico de crianças e adolescentes indígenas em um Estado da Amazônia ocidental, Rondônia, Brasil / Tuberculosis load and the sociodemographic profile of indigenous children and adolescents in a western Amazon state, Rondônia, Brazil

Introdução: A tuberculose (TB) entre os indígenas é um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Objetivos: Analisar a carga de tuberculose e o perfil sociodemográfico em crianças e adolescentes indígenas em Rondônia, Brasil, no período entre 2008 a 2018. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, realizado de forma transversal e abordagem quantitativa, a partir dos registros das variáveis no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação; e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e a comparação entre as proporções por meio do teste exato de Fisher, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: O coeficiente de incidência de TB foi de 76,1/100mil casos/hab. Indígenas. Foram identificadas 38 crianças (média de idade 2,5 anos dp=±2,9) e 39 adolescentes (média de idade 17 anos dp=±2,3) indígenas. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a incidência de TB tanto em relação a escolaridade (p<0,001) quanto ao local de residência (Cacoal/RO) (p=0,016). Conclusão: O declínio da incidência dos casos pode estar associado a diversos fatores, que incluem o baixo diagnóstico, a incompletude das notificações e/ou a inadequação do preenchimento na variável raça/cor, reforçando a importância da integração da Rede de Atenção em Saúde, capacitação profissional e investigação dos contatos para a identificação precoce dos casos e, consequentemente, a interrupção da cadeia de transmissão para a efetividade das ações de enfrentamento e controle da TB.

COVID-19: estratégias de enfrentamento e comportamentos adaptativos adotados pelos profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia / COVID-19: coping strategies and adaptive behaviors adopted by health professionals during the pandemic / COVID-19: estrategias de afrontamiento y comportamientos adaptativos de los profesionales de la salud durante la pandemia

Justificativa e Objetivos: O número de casos confirmados e óbitos por COVID-19 tem aumentado, também, entre os profissionais de saúde, impactando suas práticas e seu convívio social e familiar. Neste sentido, este estudo buscou identificar e descrever as estratégias de enfrentamento e comportamentos adaptativos entre os profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19, segundo a literatura científica nacional e internacional. Conteúdo: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada a partir da seguinte questão norteadora: "Quais as estratégias de enfrentamento e comportamentos adaptativos adotados pelos profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19 nos cenários nacional e internacional?". A busca ocorreu em junho de 2020, a partir do levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados da LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus e Embase utilizando na expressão os operadores booleanos AND e OR para a combinação dos descritores indexados e seus respectivos sinônimos. Foram encontrados nas bases de dados 212 publicações. A partir de critérios previamente estabelecidos, 32 estudos foram considerados elegíveis para a leitura na íntegra e, por fim, 30 foram selecionados para serem analisados e discutidos. Conclusão: As estratégias de enfrentamento estão relacionadas aos conhecimentos adquiridos, crescimento da utilização de novas tecnologias em saúde por meio de aplicativos, adaptações às mudanças nos protocolos, além de comportamentos adaptativos relacionados às práticas, expressão de sentimentos e valores negativos. Embora em menor frequência, identificaram-se atitudes positivas e boas práticas, que contribuem para o aumento da resiliência e bem-estar psicológico entre os profissionais de saúde.(AU)

Justification and Objectives: the number of confirmed cases and deaths by COVID-19 has increased, also among health professionals, whose impact reflects on practices, social and family life. In this sense, this study sought to identify and describe coping strategies and adaptive behaviors among health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic according to national and international scientific literature. Content: this is an integrative review carried out based on the following guiding question: what are the coping strategies and adaptive behaviors adopted by health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in the national and international scenarios? The search took place in June 2020 from the bibliographic survey in the databases of LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Embase using the expression Boolean operators AND and OR for the combination of indexed descriptors and their respective synonyms. 212 publications were found in the databases. From the previously established criteria, 32 studies were eligible for full reading. Finally, 30 were selected to be analyzed and discussed. Conclusion: coping strategies are related to the knowledge acquired, growth in the use of new health technologies through applications, adaptations to changes in protocols, in addition to adaptive behaviors related to practices, expression of negative feelings and values. Although less frequently, positive attitudes and good practices were identified that contribute to increased resilience and psychological well-being among health professionals.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: El número de casos confirmados y de muertes por el Covid-19 se ha aumentado también entre los profesionales de la salud, lo que impacta sus prácticas y su convivencia social y familiar. Este estudio buscó identificar y describir las estrategias de afrontamiento y los comportamientos adaptativos entre los profesionales de la salud durante la pandemia de Covid-19 de acuerdo a la literatura científica nacional e internacional. Contenido: Se trata de una revisión integrativa realizada a partir de la siguiente pregunta orientadora: "¿Cuáles son las estrategias de afrontamiento y los comportamientos adaptativos de los profesionales de la salud durante la pandemia de Covid-19 en el ámbito nacional e internacional?". La búsqueda ocurrió en junio de 2020 mediante un levantamiento bibliográfico en las bases de datos de LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus y Embase utilizando en la expresión los operadores booleanos AND y OR para la combinación de descriptores indexados y sus respectivos sinónimos. Se encontró 212 publicaciones en las bases de datos. A partir de criterios previos establecidos, se eligió 32 estudios para la lectura en su totalidad, de los cuales se seleccionó 30 para el análisis y discusión. Conclusión: Las estrategias de afrontamiento están relacionadas a los conocimientos adquiridos, al aumento del uso de nuevas tecnologías en salud por medio de aplicaciones, a adaptaciones a los cambios en los protocolos, además de los comportamientos adaptativos en cuanto a las prácticas, expresión de sentimientos y valores negativos. En menor frecuencia, se identificaron actitudes positivas y buenas prácticas que contribuyen al aumento de la resiliencia y al bienestar psicológico entre los profesionales de la salud.(AU)

Effects of N-acetylcysteine on alcohol abstinence and alcohol-induced adverse effects in rats.

Alcoholism is rampant in modern society and some antioxidant compound could perhaps be useful to reduce the damage done by alcohol consumption and abstinence. The present study was undertaken to investigate the association of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) intake, alcoholism, and alcohol abstinence on lipid profile, in vivo low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status in serum and liver of rats. Initially, male Wistar 30 rats were divided into two groups: (C, N=6) given standard chow and water; (E, N=24) receiving standard chow and aqueous ethanol solution in semi-voluntary research. After 30 days of ethanol exposure, (E) group was divided into four subgroups (N=6/group): (E-E) continued drinking 30% ethanol solution; (E-NAC) drinking ethanol solution containing 2 g/L NAC; (AB) changed ethanol solution to water; (AB-NAC) changed ethanol to aqueous solution 2 g/L NAC. After 15 days of the E-group division, E-E rats had higher serum alanine transaminase, lower body weight, and surface area, despite higher energy intake than C. E-E rats had also lower feed efficiency, dyslipidemia with enhanced triacylglycerol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), lipid hydroperoxide (LH) and in vivo oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL). AB, E-NAC, and AB-NAC rats ameliorated serum oxidative stress markers and normalized serum lipids. E-E rats had higher hepatic LH and lower reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio than C, indicating hepatic oxidative stress. AB and E-NAC rats normalized hepatic LH, GSSG, and the GSH/GSSG ratio, compared to E-E. AB-NAC rats had the lowest serum ox-LDL, hepatic LH levels, and the highest GSH reductase activity in hepatic tissue. In conclusion, the present study brought new insights into alcohol consumption, because ethanol exposure enhanced serum in vivo ox-LDL, as well as serum and hepatic oxidative stress. N-acetylcysteine offers promising therapeutic value to inhibit ethanol-induced adverse effects. Ethanol withdrawal had beneficial effects on serum lipids, but was more effective when coupled with NAC supplementation. Ethanol abstinence and NAC intake interact synergistically, improving serum lipids and hepatic antioxidant defenses.