Resin composite restorations of permanent incisors with crown fractures: a case report with a six-year follow-up.

Using resin composite for the restoration of permanent incisors that have crown fractures is a conservative, timely and economical treatment option. Presented in this case report is a 41-year old female patient with resin composite restorations of anterior teeth that had crown fractures. This manuscript presents the clinical success of these resin composite restorations of permanent incisors after six-years.

The effects of fluorides and/or trace elements on the solubilities of enamel and cementum.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of fluorides and trace elements applied alone or in combination at different concentrations on the solubilities of enamel and cementum surfaces of the same teeth. The study has been performed on enamel and cementum surfaces of the impacted third molars extracted by surgical operation. Aqueous solutions of sodium fluoride, aluminum potassium phosphate, strontium chloride and titanium tetrachloride at different concentrations were applied to the surfaces. The solubilities of enamel and cementum and the depth of etchings have been calculated by means of the inorganic phosphorus in these etching solutions. According to the results, higher concentrations of fluoride and lower concentrations of strontium and titanium led to a significant reduction into solubilities of enamel and cementum. As certain combined applications of fluorides and trace elements decreased both of the enamel and cementum solubilities, it may be assumed that if such a treatment is beneficial during the adolescence of an individual, it may also be used when he is older.

Polymerization shrinkage and microleakage in Class II cavities of various resin composites.

This study investigated the polymerization shrinkage of restorative materials and microleakage in the proximal box of Class II restorations. Twenty caries free extracted human molars were prepared on the mesial and distal, making 40 slot cavities. Groups (n=10) were classified as: Group 1: Single bond/Filtek Z-250; Group 2: Single Bond/Filtek Flow/Filtek Z-250; Group 3: Admira Bond/Admira; Group 4: Ariston Liner/Ariston. Dentin bonding systems and resin composites were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. The specimens were stored in distilled water for one week at 37 degrees C, thermocycled (5 degrees-55 degrees C x 2000), stained with 50% aqueous silver nitrate, immersed in a diluted developer solution (24 hours), rinsed and sectioned in two pieces with a low speed saw (Isomet). Dye penetration (Score 0-4) was determined separately at the occlusal enamel margin and cementoenamel junction. The volumetric polymerization shrinkage of materials was determined with the apparatus of Watts and Cash (Watts Cash, 1991) for 300 seconds. Polymerization shrinkage results were as follows: Filtek Flow (3.5% +/- 0.1) > Admira (2.1% +/- 0.1) = Ariston AT (2.3% +/- 0.1) > Filtek Z-250 (1.8% +/- 0.1) (One-way Anova, post hoc Bonferroni test at p = 0.05 level). No statistical difference was found at the enamel margins for any of the materials (Score 0-1). At the cemento-enamel junction, all test groups showed significantly higher microleakage when compared to the enamel margins (Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U). Dye penetration results at dentin were as follows: Filtek Flow + Filtek Z-250 = Admira < Ariston AT = Filtek Z-250. microleakage than the ion-releasing and hybrid composites lined only with bonding agent at the cementoenamel junction in Class II cavities.

One-year clinical evaluation of a two-step self-etch adhesive with and without additional enamel etching technique in cervical lesions.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical performance of a two-step self-etch adhesive with and without additional enamel etching technique to advanced non-carious cervical sclerotic lesions. METHODS: Twenty-two patients (mean age = 51.5) having at least two pairs of non-carious cervical erosion/attrition/abfraction lesions with incisal or occlusal margins in enamel and gingival margins in dentine/cementum were included in the study. The two-step self-etch adhesive (AdheSE; Ivoclar-Vivadent) was either applied following the self-etch approach on both enamel and dentine (AdheSE non-etch), or a similar application including additional acid-etching of the enamel cavity margins with 37% phosphoric acid (AdheSE etch). Resin composite Point 4 was used for all 104 restorations. Restorations were evaluated at baseline and at one year according to the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Data were analysed by using McNemar's test (p <0.05). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the marginal adaptation both at the cervical and enamel margins between AdheSE non-etch and AdheSE etch groups (p >0.05). At one year, marginal discolouration was evident in the AdheSE non-etch group but it was not statistically significant from the AdheSE etch group (p = 0.12). Postoperative sensitivity was 5% at baseline and reduced to 2% at one year. CONCLUSIONS: At one year, the two-step self-etch adhesive with and without additional enamel etching technique showed excellent clinical results to advanced non-carious cervical sclerotic lesions.

The allergy of toothpaste: a case report.

Toothpastes are definitely one of the indispensable elements of oral health care. They are produced to serve multiple purposes and possess complex chemical structures. Slight abrasion, froth, sweetening, bleaching, prevention of plaque, calculus and decay are properties expected from an ideal toothpaste. In recent years, allergic reactions have started to appear more frequently in dental practice. The present case describes the progression of an allergic response to toothpastes, one of the basic agents of oral hygiene.

Effects of fluoride and/or trace elements on enamel solubility.

Various studies have shown that the solubility of dental enamel can be reduced by exposing it to metal ions in the presence of fluoride. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of various trace metal ions at two concentrations on dental enamel solubility and fluoride uptake. The solubilities of the enamel surfaces and their fluoride concentrations were first determined. Atypical teeth were discarded. Blocks of enamel were then divided into groups of five and solutions of salts of aluminium, strontium, titanium, molybdenum and vanadium followed by fluoride (4,000 ppm) were applied. Two successive layers were then etched off, using perchloric acid. Fluoride in the enamel was determined using an ion-specific electrode system. Calcium was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The values obtained were used to calculate the thicknesses of the layers removed. The results showed that combined application of aluminium and fluoride led to a marked reduction in solubility of enamel (p less than 0.001). Application of strontium (0.01 M) and fluoride also led to a significant reduction in enamel solubility (p less than 0.01). Pretreatment with titanium solution (both concentrations), aluminium or molybdenum solutions (higher concentrations) increased fluoride uptake in comparison with the control group. Statistically significant increase in fluoride uptake was seen only in those enamels treated with titanium solution at higher concentration when compared with those treated with fluoride alone.

Determination of fluoride release from light-cured glass-ionomers and a fluoridated composite resin from the viewpoint of curing time.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fluoride releasing pattern of several visible light-curing glass-ionomers and one fluoride-containing filling material, from the viewpoint of curing time. Standardized blocks of Time Line (Caulk-USA), XR-Ionomer (Kerr-USA), Vitrebond (3M-USA) and Heliomolar-Ro (Vivadent-Lichtenstein) were light cured for 20, 40 and 60 s, and then stored in deionized distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24, 48, 72 h and 7 days. The water was changed every day and measurements of the fluoride released from the materials were made daily. The results were compared statistically with the results obtained from Ketac-Bond (Espe-Germany) prepared in the same manner. The levels were highest for the first 24 h; in the following days they decreased rapidly. The fluoride-releasing patterns of all these materials were similar to each other. The fluoride release was the highest from XR-Ionomer, and the lowest from Heliomolar-RO. For Time Line glass-ionomer, the fluoride release from 20 s cured blocks was significantly higher than the fluoride release from 40 and 60 s cured blocks at the end of 1 week. It was observed that the fluoride release from Ketac-Bond was significantly lower than XR-Ionomer and Vitre-Bond and higher than Time Line and Heliomolar-Ro.

Investigation of the aetiopathogenesis of amelogenesis imperfecta through microscopic, submicroscopic and cytogenetic methods--a case report.

A case of hypomineralized type of amelogenesis imperfecta has been evaluated by using microscopic, submicroscopic and cytogenetic techniques. It has been observed that some of the enamel contained hydroxyapatite crystals and showed normal mineralization, but some others consisted of transparent, crystal plates of octacalcium phosphate, revealing that these enamel prisms have hypomature characteristics. Extra chromosomes which belong to D-autosomes were found in the culture obtained from the peripheral blood of the patient, suggesting that the patient has 15% hyperdiploids. It is suggested that the structural disorders in some of the enamel prisms resulted from alterations in the environmental conditions related to chromosome anomalies.

Fluoride concentration and profile in different cementum surfaces.

This study was performed to determine the fluoride concentration of the various cementum surfaces in different tooth groups to find out the most proper teeth and tooth surfaces for different cementum studies. For this purpose, direct measurements of phosphorus and fluoride were carried out in an acid etch biopsy solution. The findings indicate that incisors with exposed cementum are the most inappropriate teeth in comparison with the other groups. According to the results obtained it may be recommended that the studies related to fluoride uptake for cementum should be performed on teeth with no gingival recession or on the unerupted teeth.