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PLoS Genet ; 16(6): e1008841, 2020 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32544203

RESUMO

Hypomyelination, a neurological condition characterized by decreased production of myelin sheets by glial cells, often has no known etiology. Elucidating the genetic causes of hypomyelination provides a better understanding of myelination, as well as means to diagnose, council, and treat patients. Here, we present evidence that YIPPEE LIKE 3 (YPEL3), a gene whose developmental role was previously unknown, is required for central and peripheral glial cell development. We identified a child with a constellation of clinical features including cerebral hypomyelination, abnormal peripheral nerve conduction, hypotonia, areflexia, and hypertrophic peripheral nerves. Exome and genome sequencing revealed a de novo mutation that creates a frameshift in the open reading frame of YPEL3, leading to an early stop codon. We used zebrafish as a model system to validate that YPEL3 mutations are causative of neuropathy. We found that ypel3 is expressed in the zebrafish central and peripheral nervous system. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we created zebrafish mutants carrying a genomic lesion similar to that of the patient. Our analysis revealed that Ypel3 is required for development of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, timely exit of the perineurial glial precursors from the central nervous system (CNS), formation of the perineurium, and Schwann cell maturation. Consistent with these observations, zebrafish ypel3 mutants have metabolomic signatures characteristic of oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell differentiation defects, show decreased levels of Myelin basic protein in the central and peripheral nervous system, and develop defasciculated peripheral nerves. Locomotion defects were observed in adult zebrafish ypel3 mutants. These studies demonstrate that Ypel3 is a novel gene required for perineurial cell development and glial myelination.


Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Doenças Desmielinizantes Hereditárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/genética , Bainha de Mielina/patologia , Neurogênese/genética , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Animais , Plexo Braquial/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Embrião não Mamífero , Feminino , Mutação da Fase de Leitura , Substância Cinzenta/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Desmielinizantes Hereditárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Desmielinizantes Hereditárias do Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Neuroglia/patologia , Oligodendroglia , Nervo Isquiático/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem , Sequenciamento do Exoma , Peixe-Zebra , Proteínas de Peixe-Zebra/genética
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