Myomodulation with Facial Fillers: A Comprehensive Technical Guide and Retrospective Case Series.

BACKGROUND: Placement of fillers in close proximity to the mimetic or sphincter muscles of the face appears to enhance or suppress muscle action in a relatively predictable way. METHODS: From June 2016 to June 2021, patients who underwent the first author's technique of myomodulation with dermal fillers to address aesthetic concerns or to manage facial spasms or synkinesis were evaluated in a retrospective case series. Additionally, the authors provide a technical guide for a whole-face approach to treatment with fillers and a conceptual map for treatment of each facial subunit with a focus on myomodulation. RESULTS: A total of 1352 patients (1108 women, 244 men; mean age, 51 years) underwent at least 1 treatment session during the 5-year study period. The treatment patterns of the study population and details of 2 representative cases are presented. CONCLUSIONS: Although not well understood mechanistically, myomodulation with injectable fillers shows promise for significant and reliable results of facial rejuvenation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Associação entre depressão, níveis de dor e falta de apoio social em pacientes internados em enfermarias de clínica médica / Association of depression, levels of pain and lack of social support in patients admitted to general medical wards

OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre depressão, níveis de dor e falta de apoio social em pacientes clínicos internados. MÉTODOS: Em um estudo transversal, 1.147 adultos admitidos nas enfermarias de clínica médica de um hospital universitário foram selecionados por randomização e avaliados durante a primeira semana de internação. Foram utilizados: Subescala Cognitivo-afetiva do Inventário Beck de Depressão (BDI-13), Índice Charlson de Comorbidade Física e escalas numéricas para avaliar dor e percepção de gravidade física. Foram considerados deprimidos os pacientes que pontuaram acima de 10 no BDI-13. Investigou-se apoio social por meio da pergunta direta: "Com quantos parentes ou amigos você se sente à vontade e pode falar sobre tudo ou quase tudo?". Foram considerados como tendo falta de apoio social os pacientes que relataram ter menos que quatro parentes ou amigos confidentes. Foram utilizados os testes T de Student, Qui-quadrado e Regressão Logística. RESULTADOS: Dos 1.147 pacientes, 25,3% apresentavam depressão. Escolaridade [odds ratio (OR): 0,96; intervalo de confiança (IC): 0,89-0,96; p < 0,001], renda familiar (OR: 0,92; IC: 0,86-0,99; p = 0,018), maior intensidade de dor (OR: 1,04; IC: 1,00-1,08; p = 0,036), falta de apoio social (OR: 2,02; IC: 1,49-2,72; p < 0,001) e percepção de maior gravidade física (OR: 1,07; IC: 1,02-1,13; p = 0,008) se associaram independentemente à depressão. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes clínicos deprimidos relatam mais falta de apoio social e dor, mesmo após controlar para variáveis confundidoras sociodemográficas e clínicas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of depression, levels of pain and lack of social support in medical inpatients. METHODS: In a cross sectional observational study, 1,147 adults admitted to the general medical wards of a university hospital were randomized and evaluated during the first week of admission. The following instruments were used: cognitive-affective subscale of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13), Charlson Comorbidity Index and numerical scales to evaluate pain and perception of medical burden. Patients who scored > 10 in the BDI-13 were considered depressed. Social support was investigated asking the following question: "How many relatives or friends do you feel at easy and can talk about almost everything?". Those who had less than four relatives or close friends were considered as having lack of social support. The Student T test, Chi-square test and Logistic Regression analysis were used. RESULTS: Of the 1,147 patients that comprised the sample, 25.3% had depression. Educational level [odds ratio (OR): 0.96; confidence interval (CI): 0.89-0.96; p < 0.001], household income (OR: 0.92; CI: 0.86-0.99; p = 0.018), pain levels (OR: 1.04; CI: 1.00-1.08; p = 0.036), lack of social support (OR: 2.02; CI: 1.49-2.72; p < 0.001) and perception worse physical illness severity (OR: 1.07; CI: 1.02-1.13; p = 0.008) were independently associated with depression. CONCLUSION: Depressive medical inpatients report more lack of social support and pain even after controlling for social, demographic and clinical variables.