RESUMO
The concentrations of urea and uric acid increased, while the content of free amino acids decreased in blood serum from rats with alloxan-induced diabetes during acute alcohol intoxication. Activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, AMP deaminase, and tyrosine aminotransferase in the liver of experimental animals increased.
Assuntos
Intoxicação Alcoólica/sangue , Aminoácidos/sangue , Nitrogênio da Ureia Sanguínea , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangue , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Intoxicação Alcoólica/complicações , Aloxano , Aminoidrolases/metabolismo , Animais , Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/farmacologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicações , Etanol/farmacologia , Glutamato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/enzimologia , Masculino , Ratos , Transaminases/metabolismoRESUMO
Esophageal variceal bleeding is one of the most severe complications that may occur during pregnancy in patients with liver cirrhosis. It may result in death of the mother and the fetus. Therefore, screening endoscopy should be performed both before the conception and in the second trimester. Endoscopic band ligation is a method of choice in case of variceal bleeding. Close cooperation of hepatologist, obstetrician-gynecologist and endoscopist is recommended in order to provide maximum care and increase the chances of successful delivery. We present a case of 28-years-old primigravida, at 27 weeks pregnant with esophageal varices and liver cirrhosis.
Assuntos
Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/complicações , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/complicações , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Adulto , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/cirurgia , Feminino , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/cirurgia , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/cirurgia , GravidezRESUMO
55 cases of malignant phyllodes tumours of the breast are described. 36 patients (i.e. 65.5%) of the studied group survived 5 years with no evidence of disease after surgery. It was proved that a simple mastectomy is sufficient therapy for patients with tumour limited to the breast. Metastases to the axillary lymphatic nodes are very rare. The main reason for treatment failure is distant metastases in the lungs. The only prognostic factor in the studied group was the grade of histological malignancy, determined by such criteria as the ratio between the malignant sarcomatous tissue and that typical for phyllodes tumour, the degree of cell polymorphism, mitotic activity, and possible multidirectional differentiation (towards malignant neoplasms of soft tissue and bones).
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Tumor Filoide/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Mastectomia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tumor Filoide/mortalidade , Tumor Filoide/cirurgiaRESUMO
The results of flow cytometric DNA-analysis on fresh and paraffin-embedded tissue were compared in four various groups of tumors. The best correlation of the results was observed in the group of non Hodgkin's lymphomas. Comparative analysis of the ploidy on fresh and paraffin embedded tissue demonstrated discordance in particular in mammary carcinoma and malignant melanoma groups. The values of proliferative fraction assessed on fresh and paraffin embedded tissues were interrelated.
Assuntos
DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/genética , Linfoma não Hodgkin/patologia , Masculino , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/patologia , Neoplasias/patologia , Ploidias , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Based upon a group of 108 consecutive mammary carcinomas a comparative analysis of morphological parameters, DNA-ploidy and indicators of proliferation activity was made. A correlation between Bloom-Richardson scale, mitotic index, PCNA-labeling index and DNA-index was shown. The ploidy of mammary carcinomas was significantly related to the values of proliferative fraction, as well as to PCNA-labeling index. Among patients with axillary metastases the tumor size and the value of PCNA-labeling index were significantly higher than those in patients with negative lymph nodes.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Carcinoma/genética , Carcinoma/secundário , Divisão Celular , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Metástase Linfática , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Ploidias , PrognósticoRESUMO
In the group of forty five primary mammary carcinomas Ki67 reactivity was evaluated with flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. The expression of proliferative antigen, evaluated with both methods did not correlate with other indicators of proliferative activity. This result is probably associated with the physicochemical properties of breast cancer cells.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análise , Proteínas Nucleares/análise , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Antígeno Ki-67 , PloidiasRESUMO
DNA content according to six various ploidy classes was analysed by flow cytometry on fresh tumor tissue in 701 unselected, consecutive breast cancers. Age, menopausal status, tumor size, histology and in particular nodal status were also taken into consideration. Diploid and nondiploid mammary carcinomas differed significantly in values of proliferative indicators. In node positive patients nondiploid tumors were more frequent. In node negative and node positive breast cancer patients tumor grade strongly influenced disease free survival and in the last group hypertriploidy (1.6 < DI < or = 1.8) was also an independent prognostic factor. The combination of tumor grade and hypertriploidy permitted differentiation of three groups of node positive patients, differing in the risk of relapses.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Divisão Celular , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Fase G2 , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fase S , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
A retrospective analysis of a group of 102 women younger than 36 years is reported. All patients were treated initially only surgically by Halsted or Patey mastectomy. Disease-free 10-year survival was noted in 39.2% of the patients. The effectiveness of the treatment proved to be the same in the group of women under and over the age 35. For all patients with breast cancer, despite their age, identical prognostic factors were observed.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Mastectomia Radical Modificada , Mastectomia Radical , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
A retrospective analysis of 7 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast operated at Center of Oncology in Kraków is presented. Ten years without evidence of disease survived 6 (85.7%) patients. One patient only, with poorly differentiated carcinoma, presented axillary metastases and died of metastases to the lungs and hepar.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
An analysis of 80 patients with infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast treated at Center of Oncology in Kraków is presented. All patients underwent radical mastectomy. The evaluation of treatment results showed stage, pathological tumor size, and involvement of axillary nodes as the prognostic factors. The ten-year survival rate NED in all group was 38.8%; for stage I, II, and III it was 62.5%, 48.8%, and 19.4% respectively.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Carcinoma Lobular/patologia , Carcinoma Lobular/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Carcinoma Lobular/mortalidade , Carcinoma Lobular/secundário , Feminino , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Mastectomia Radical , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Stomach is the most common site of extranodal lymphoma, but lymphoma's biology differs from other types of gastric cancer. From 1982 to 1994, 80 cases of primary gastric lymphoma were treated in Cancer Center in Kraków. In order to assess the best mode of treatment the retrospective analysis of disease related parameters was performed. Sixty four patients were primary treated with surgery, and 11 with radiotherapy. After surgery 21 patients received adjuvant chemo or radiotherapy. Radical resection of tumor was done in 37 cases, in next 25 only palliative surgery was possible. There was 28 cases of lymph node metastases in resected specimens. At 5 years, the overall survival was 64.4% with the median survival of 43 months. Patients primarily treated with surgery had better 5--years survival rates compared with others (72.1% and 36.8%, respectively-p < 0.05). The chance of survival was related with the tumor grading and 5 years survived 86.5% patients with well differentiated lymphomas, and 52.6% patients with nondifferentiated tumors. There was no influence on survivals other variables as duration of symptoms, type of surgery, histological margins or adjuvant therapy. The Cox multivariate analysis showed the grading, type of first treatment and lymph node status as the only three significant factors related to survivals. The relative risk of death for nondifferentiated lymphomas was 7 times higher, than for well differentiated tumors. The primary surgery (even nonradical) of gastric lymphoma is the best mode of treatment and the grading is the most important prognostic factor influencing the survivals.
Assuntos
Linfoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Feminino , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Linfoma/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Cuidados Paliativos , Prognóstico , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidade , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
We analysed 170 women with carcinoma of the breast who survived 20 years after local or loco-regional therapy, without adjuvant chemo-hormonotherapy. Patients with axillary lymph nodes metastases constitute thirty-six percent of this group.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Mastectomia Radical , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Papers used for food packing were studied for formaldehyde migration from them by the colorimetric method with acetylacetone. The studied material comprised 14 samples of paper of Polish or foreign production: pergamenous paper, offset and sulphite papers and one sample from waste paper imported from Germany. Formaldehyde migration from these samples differed but never exceeded 1 mg/dm2, with the exception of the recycled paper from which it was 1.77 mg/dm2.
Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Formaldeído/análise , Papel , Colorimetria/métodos , Reutilização de Equipamento , Europa (Continente) , Formaldeído/química , Radioisótopos de Índio , PentanonasRESUMO
A method is described for determination of global migration into model fluids simulating food products with fat of isooctane, 50% and 96% ethanol from 33 samples of foils and laminates used for food packing. Bag, chamber, immersion and padding methods were used. Most samples complied with the requirements of the EEC Directives and the used method is simple and convenient. It should be introduced promptly for routine control of packing materials in the laboratories of the Province Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations.
Assuntos
Gorduras/química , Embalagem de Alimentos/normas , Plásticos/química , Etanol/química , Gorduras Insaturadas/química , Modelos Teóricos , Octanos/química , Azeite de Oliva , Óleos de Plantas/química , Polônia , TemperaturaRESUMO
Samples of polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene foils, softened polyvinyl chloride foils and laminates, in which polyethylene or EVA copolymer or SULRYN ionomer formed the inner layer were subjected to tests for determination of the global migration to aqueous fluids using model methods: chamber test, bag test, immersion test and lining test. The tested materials comprised 37 samples of packaging materials. The tested samples were not exceeding the range of permitted global migration into aqueous model fluids as recommended by the EEC directives. The obtained results fell significantly below the accepted limit of 10 mg/dm2.
Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Embalagem de Alimentos , Teste de Materiais , Plásticos/análise , Soluções/química , Embalagem de Alimentos/normas , Modelos BiológicosRESUMO
In the EU countries the use of the chemical substances for plastics intended to come into contact with foodstuffs is regulated by Directive 89/109/EEC and the several specific Directives. Positive lists of the chemical substances for plastics intended to manufacturing of food packaging are placed in Directive 90/128/EEC on plastics materials. This 90/128/EEC Directive so-called "Monomer Directive" has been amended five times by Directives 92/39/EEC, 93/9/EEC, 95/3/EC, 96/11/EC and 99/91/EC. Directive 90/128/EEC so-called "Monomer Directive" provides: list of monomers and other starting substances that can be used in the manufacture of plastics materials and articles, placed in two Sections (A and B), and list of additives initiated from Directive 95/3/EC. Other additives will be added to this list on the basis of their positive national regulatory status in the EU countries and limits of migration (global, specific). According to the EU legislation all the substances before placing on the positive lists are the evaluated and authorized by the scientific bodies (SCF and/or JECFA). The EU legislation on the plastics materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs will be implemented into Polish law. However all the regulations relating to the chemical substances and limits of migration (global and specific) are already accepted by the National Institute of Hygiene.
Assuntos
Indústria Alimentícia/legislação & jurisprudência , Embalagem de Alimentos/legislação & jurisprudência , Plásticos/normas , União Europeia , Contaminação de Alimentos/legislação & jurisprudência , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Indústria Alimentícia/normas , Embalagem de Alimentos/normas , PolôniaRESUMO
The integration of Poland with the European Community makes the harmonization of Polish legislation necessary. Among numerous Directives, which provisions should be introduced into domestic legislation before Poland enters the European Union, the Directives related to materials and articles intended to contact with food consist a large group. The review and analysis of 17 Directives that appeared up to the end of year 1997 have been done. The list of these Directives is shown in the Table I. The framework Directive 89/109/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs have been comprehensively discussed together with the specific Directives concerning the following matters: symbol which should accompany the materials and articles intendet to contact with food: Directive 80/590/EEC; plastics materials: Directive 90/128/EEC with later ammendments provided by the Directives: 90/128/EEC, 93/9/EEC, 95/3/EC and 96/11/EC; vinyl chloride monomer (acceptable limit and analytical method): Directives: 78/142/EEC, 80/766/EEC and 81/432/EEC, regenerated cellulose film-Directives: 93/10/ECC i 93/111/EEC; ceramic articles: Directive 84/500/EEC; testing migration of constituents of plastic materials-Directives: 85/572/EEC and 82/711/EEC with later ammendments: Directives: 93/8/EEC, 97/48/EC, The relevant Polish regulatory provisions concerning the matters related to materials and articles intendet to contact with foodstuffs have also been discussed. The need for harmonization of Polish regulations with the relevant legislation adopted by the Member States of the European Community was emphasized.
Assuntos
Legislação sobre Alimentos , Saúde Pública/legislação & jurisprudência , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Humanos , PolôniaRESUMO
The review of the regulations for the silicon rubber intended to come into contact with food in some European countries and USA was performed. On the basis of these regulations the principles of the hygienic evaluation and the analytical models for the testing of silicon rubber and elastomers contacting with food in Poland was presented. The testing include: sensoric analysis; migration of the soluble substances into aqueous model fluids; volatile substances; hardeners; catalyzers; migration of certain heavy metals; N-nitrosamines and N-nitrosatables. Some of these methods have been published in Polish Standards or in the Methodical Publications of the National Institute of Hygiene.
Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos , Nitrosaminas/análise , Saúde Ocupacional , Elastômeros de Silicone/efeitos adversos , Catálise , Técnicas de Química Analítica , Saúde Global , Humanos , Metais Pesados/efeitos adversos , Padrões de Referência , SoluçõesRESUMO
The health quality criteria for the evaluation of soothers for babies and young children have been developed and the analytical procedures were collected and indicated for the evaluation purposes. They include: sensory analysis global migration migration of metals (Sb, As, Ba, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg, Se) to 0.07 M HCl analysis of volatile compounds chemical demand for oxygen presence of reaction accelerators presence of antioxidants The requirements concerning mechanical and chemical parameters and also general safety of the product have been developed and the procedures for the conformity checking of these parameters, based on Polish Standard and the draft project of European Standard EN 14000 series concerning soothers for babies and small children have also been presented. These criteria have been accepted by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare as suitable for issuing of health certificates for placing on the market as well as for the current sanitary surveillance of soothers taken from the market. The criteria will be obligatory until the EN 1400 Standards come into force being introduced into Polish legislation.