[Multifocal Vitelliform Retinal Lesion]. / Multifokálna viteliformná retinálna lézia.

The authors present retrospective follow up of patient with bilateral multifocal vitelliform retinal lesion during the 18 years period. At this time, spontaneous improvement of objective picture on retina and subjective visual troubles was observed. It is probable, that this case is a part of the same symptom complex as a variant of Best´s hereditary disease. This conclusion was based on initial stadium of phenotypical expressivity and additional evaluations. The course and outcomes of visual functions were different. The hereditary transmission was not confirmed.

[Clinical variability of Best's disease]. / Klinická rozmanitost Bestovej choroby.

Retrospective view of the various phenotypes 20 persons affected by classic solitary form of vitelliform macular dystrophy, in 3 pedigrees with autosomal dominant transmission and in 4 single cases. Long-term monitoring allows to observe the variability of expression, from classic course to peculiarity of the clinical expression in the disc development and their corresponding functions of the central retina.

[Retinitis septica Roth--a case report]. / Retinitis septica Roth.

We report of a case of retinitis septica in a 37-years old man one month after his tooth's extraction. Because of decreased right eye's central vision and a presence of typical retinal Roth's spots we called internists for a possibility of bacterial endocarditis. Cardiologic examination confirmed this disease together with aortal valve's defect. The course of hearth's disease was weary heavy, with attack of septic fever and cardial decompensation. After acute stage control, defocusation and antibiotic therapy, he underwent a surgical intervention with exchange of aortal valve.

[Spontaneous premacular hemorrhage]. / Spontánne premakulárne krvácanie.

PURPOSE: Among the great amount of etiologically heterogeneous group of general and specific eye diseases, a solitary, spontaneous, unilateral retinal hemorrhage restricted to the macula in young adults can be regarded as an entity. METHODS: Twelve eyes were phakic, emmetropic (including minor non corrected astigmatic errors) and were seen over a period of 5 years. All patients had a complete ophthalmologic examination with special analysis of history of direct or indirect trauma, additional medical work-up to exclude hematological disorders, and fluorescein angiography examinations up to the complete blood resolution. RESULTS: Hemorrhage is presented in 3 pictures: 1) Foveal microhemorrhage, 2) Drop-like hemorrhage limited to the avascular zone of the fovea, 3) Bag-like hemorrhage over the posterior pole. Initially, all patients had complains suggestive of positive central or paracentral scotomas with impaired visual acuity. The resolution of blood was spontaneous in 10 patients, after argon laser treatment in 2 patients. In all of them, the recovery of the visual acuity was complete. Possible pathogenetic mechanism such as Valsalva manoeuvre could be found in 3 cases only. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous macular hemorrhage is mostly idiopathic clinical entity in young adults with complete recovery of visual acuity.

[Idiopathic sclerochoroidal calcification]. / Idiopatická sklerochoroidálna kalcifikácia.

Idiopathic sclerochoroidal calcification is an uncommon ocular entity that manifests as calcium deposits in the mid-peripheral choroid and sclera. It is typical for older patients, without disturbances of visual functions, with low progression and almost no complications. Clinical characteristics, diagnostic laboratory tests, ancillary imaging techniques and systemic associations are discussed in this paper.

[Bilateral retinal vasculitis with arterial aneurysms]. / Bilaterálna retinálna vaskulitída s arteriálnymi aneuryzmami.

The authors reported unusual and rare condition of bilateral retinal vasculitis primarily affecting the central retinal artery at the nerve head and its 4 main branches. The most striking feature was the presence of the diffuse vitreous cells, occlusion of branch retinal artery, segmental periarterial infiltration, arterial sheating, retinal arterial aneurysms, disc swelling, peripheral retinal non perfusion and their complications. During 13 year's observation and treatment one eye went blind 3 years after initial examination. Second eye started the same clinical course two years after beginning of the disease. To avoid similar devastating course of the disease we started systemic steroids and immunosuppressive therapy, followed by photocoagulation of nonperfused peripheral retina and vitreoretinal surgery. We achieved stabilization of the disease with decreased visual functions. Comprehensive systemic work-up was unrevealing, no clear etiology was identified and diagnosis of idiopathic retinal vasculitis was made.

[Iris racemose vascular anomalies]. / Cievne anomálie dúhovky racemózneho typu.

Authors present 7 rare iris racemose vascular anomalies that were discovered by biomicroscopy during routine ocular examination. The morphology, clinical features and iris circulation of these cases are documented by iris fluoroangiography. They also report common features, some specific details of arrangement and classification criteria. The iris vascular anomaly appears to be benign stationary condition that has none systemic and ocular associations.

[Tortuous retinal vessels]. / Tortuositas vasorum retinae.

The authors observed an occurrence of tortuosity of retinal vessels from the group of 5,000 investigations of an ocular fundus. Elimination of all local reasons or symptoms of general diseases, even in spite of the great possibility of modification of this feature, three characteristic types were found. In two of them the familiar and hereditary occurrence was proved.

[Retinal vascular complications in systemic lupus erythematosus]. / Sietnicové cievne komplikácie systémového lupus erythematosus.

An analysis of three women with retinal vaso-occlusive disease in systemic lupus erythematosus produced evidence for this most severe ophthalmic complication during the acute phase of the syndrome. Vaso-occlusive retinopathy appeared 5 years after the onset of systemic symptomatology in all of them. Association of central nervous system lupus and circulating anti-coagulants with increased occurrence of severe retinal vaso-occlusive disease are the subject of the present report. Unilateral extensive photocoagulation of two cases appeared to result in successful therapy of neovascular glaucoma after the central retinal artery occlusion in one patient. Lupus erythematosus is very serious systemic and ocular disease also in present time.

[The fluorescein angiographic picture of hereditary colloid bodies (author's transl)]. / Das fluoreszenzangiographische Bild der hereditären Drusen

The authors present five patients with dominant hereditary colloid bodies of the retinal centre from two family trees. Their fluoroangiographical pictures confirm the variable clinical manifestations and ophthalmological findings which because of the special colloid bodies arrangement show a resemblance to the Hutchinson-Tay, Holthouse-Batton, Doyne and Klaingutti cases, also within the framework of a single family tree. With the help of the angiogram the type and development stage can be followed, while this disease passes from functionally and ophthalmologically unimportant lesions into the final stage of atrophy and the fibrous conversion of the whole rear eye pole.

[Angiography of the iris in the diagnosis of pigmented tumors of the anterior uvea]. / Angiografia dúhovky v diagnostike pigmentových nádorov prednej uvey.

Authors present their observation of 28 pigmented tumors of the iris and iridociliary region during 8 years. While deciding whether to continue in observation or to indicate surgery, they were concentrated on observation of blood supply's abnormalities of pigmented mass and defect of blood-aqueous barrier during the iris angiography. Melanoma--mostly celullar type of high malignity--was confirmed in 11 cases, pigmented meduloepithelioma in 1 case, pigmented naevus in 2 cases out of 14 patients indicated for surgery. Authors correlated angiographical pictures with clinical observation and histopathological findings.

[Surgical treatment of pigmented tumors of the iris and iridociliary region]. / Chirurgická liecba pigmentových nádorov dúhovky a iridociliárnej oblasti.

The authors present a group of six patients with pigmented tumours of the iris and the iridocorneal angle where they performed excision of the tumour by iridectomy (3 patients) or iridiocycletomyy (3 patients). In all six patients with a pigmented tumour of the iris an impaired blood-ocular fluid barrier was found and colouration of the tumour mass by fluorescein. In one patient a heavily pigmented tumour was detected which masked the vascular network. Impaired permeability was found more markedly at the margins. Histological examination confirmed in five instances melanoma of the iris, in one instance a pigmented naevus was involved. During the mean observation period of 32.5 months none of the patients developed a relapse or metastases. Consistent with the extent of the surgical intervention, within 6 months at the latest in all patients the disorder of the blood-ocular fluid barrier improved.

[Isolated and combined occlusion of the cilioretinal artery and the central retinal vein]. / Izolovaná a kombinovaná oklúzia cilioretinálnej artérie a centrálnej vény sietnice.

Cilioretinal artery occlusion is rare pathological condition because of infrequent occurrence of the cilioretinal artery in the human retina. It presents as an isolated entity, or as a combined cilioretinal artery--central retinal vascular, mostly venous occlusion. Authors present the course, angiographic features, prognosis, risk factors and final outcome of the isolated cilioretinal artery occlusion and combined cilioretinal artery--central retinal vein occlusion. Occlusion of the cilioretinal artery is believed to result from obstruction of the central retinal vein, as a primary process, in the case of combined cilioretinal artery--central retinal vein occlusion.

[Differentiation and prognosis of colloidal retinal dystrophy]. / K diferenciácii a prognóze koloidnej dystrofie sietnice.

The authors investigated in a prospective investigation 27 patients of different age groups for 5 to 12 years with symmetrical, bilateral non-hereditary retinal drusen. The examination was focused on assessment of different types of drusen, on evaluation of the development and incidence of risk factors leading to complications and loss of central vision. The latter include the part of the spectrum of pathological manifestations in higher age groups which are included in the category of senile macular degeneration.

[Juxtafoveolar telangiectasia and its complications]. / Juxtafoveolárne telangiektázie a ich komplikácie.

Juxta-foveolar telangiectasias were followed in 10 patients, when only in one patient the same clinical picture has been observed in both eyes. Decrease of the central vision was heavily deteriorated in nearly all patients, with only one exception. In some patients the glucose tolerance has been outside the normal limits, therefore authors suspect some etiologic connections between both diseases.

[Abnormal vessels in the iris in angiographic imaging]. / Abnormálne cievy dúhovky v angiografickom obraze.

During the examination of 210 eyes with blue irises by fluorescein angiography a few unusual vascular formations of the course, filling and caliber were revealed. Authors have divided them into four groups by similar angiographic pictures. Possible capillary haemangioma in connection with syndrome Sturge-Weber from the third group and angioma racemosum from the fourth group of examined irises are considered to be abnormal vessels. It is possible to state diagnosis by fluorescein angiography in many cases even without histological examination and to follow the dynamics of their possible development.

[Early stages of angiomatosis of the retina and optic nerve disk]. / Vcasné stádiá angiomatózy sietnice a terca zrakového nervu.

Based on 13 years observations of three generations of relatives with v. Hippel-Lindau's disease the authors focus attention on early stages of clinically detectable retinal angiomatosis. They supplement these findings by an angioma on the optic disc in one sporadic case. They consider the ophthalmological diagnosis of priority importance for the patients and risk relatives and recommend a concept of presymptomatic screening to detect other organ sites of the disease. Early detection and treatment of lesions on eyes and other organs improves the prognosis and reduces early mortality.

[Hereditary drusen of Bruch's membrane. I. Clinical and light microscopical study ]. / Hereditäre Drusen der Bruchschen Membran I. Klinische und lichtmikroskiopische Beobachtungen.

The authors describe a family with autosomal-dominant inheritance of hereditary Bruch's membrane drusen. After the death of the proband who was kept under clinical observation with fluorescein-angiographic examination over a period of seven years, the authors obtained the bulbus for histopathologic study. Light microscopic changes in the boundary-line structures of the retina and choroid and the occurrence of an intraretinal membrane in the maculopapillary bunch area are described. This membrane is thought to represent a "predisciform stage" in the development of this hereditary dystrophy.

[Hereditary drusen of Bruch's membrane. II: Studies of semi-thin sections and electron microscopy results]. / Hereditäre Drusen der Bruchschen Membran. II. Untersuchung von Semidünnschnitten und elektronenmikroskopischen Ergebnissen.

Examination of a bulbus from a patient with hereditary drusen of Bruch's membrane revealed gradual development of drusen from fingerlike and fungous projections of the basal membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium culminating in large deposits with a conspicuous radial and laminar arrangement. The granular material which formed the drusen contained cellular debris as well as fragments of the fibrous long-spacing collagen. Cells of the pigment epithelium proliferated as metaplastic glial cells with formation of a new stratum separating the layer of cones and rods from Bruch's membrane. Transmembranous fibrovascular proliferation from the choroid into the periretinal space was not encountered and does not seem to play a decisive role in the pathogenesis of the disease.

[Familial exudative Criswick-Schepens vitreoretinopathy]. / Familiárna exsudatívna vitreoretinopatia Criswick-Schepens.

The authors describe their own observation of a very rare form of vitreoretinal degeneration in a young man classified as familial exudative Criswick-Schepens vitreoretinopathy. The disease was detected in the second clinical stage on the right eye and in the third clinical stage on the left eye. The transmission of the disease is autosomal dominant with incomplete penetration. In the paper special emphasis is laid on differential diagnostic problems and the possibility of treatment of this disease.