RESUMO
Reports an error in "Can we study episodic-like memory in preschoolers from an animal foraging model" by Javier Vila, Eneida Strempler-Rubio and Angélica Alvarado (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 2021[Jul], Vol 47[3], 357-363). In the original article, a repeated measure analysis of variance was calculated with incorrect numerator and denominator degrees of freedom, which resulted in incorrect F, MSE, and R² values being reported in the Results section. When calculated correctly, the significant differences found in the new analysis of variance were the same as before. The results and conclusions are unchanged. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2021-92066-011). Episodic-like memory (ELM) involves remembering the what, where, and when (WWW) of an event as a whole, and it can be studied behaviorally. In research regarding this type of memory with children, one experiment proposes a new task adapted from animal foraging studies. A task derived from a foraging model was presented its considers the characteristics required for ELM study in children and employs a single trial presented from an egocentric perspective to avoid memory consolidation. One study compared four-year-old children's choices after being trained with one or three trials using a hide-and-seek task. The consequence size and retention interval between training and test were manipulated. Results showed that children chose the optimal outcome after an immediate or delayed test. The children's choices were conditional on the size of the consequences and the time at retrieval according to the Temporal Weighting Rule (Devenport & Devenport, 1994). The results were similar to those of animal studies and were consistent with a foraging memory model. In discussion, the advantages and limitations of the proposed task for the study of ELM in children are described and explained. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Memória Episódica , Animais , Cognição , Aprendizagem , Rememoração MentalRESUMO
Episodic-like memory (ELM) involves remembering the what, where, and when (WWW) of an event as a whole, and it can be studied behaviorally. In research regarding this type of memory with children, one experiment proposes a new task adapted from animal foraging studies. A task derived from a foraging model was presented its considers the characteristics required for ELM study in children and employs a single trial presented from an egocentric perspective to avoid memory consolidation. One study compared four-year-old children's choices after being trained with one or three trials using a hide-and-seek task. The consequence size and retention interval between training and test were manipulated. Results showed that children chose the optimal outcome after an immediate or delayed test. The children's choices were conditional on the size of the consequences and the time at retrieval according to the Temporal Weighting Rule (Devenport & Devenport, 1994). The results were similar to those of animal studies and were consistent with a foraging memory model. In discussion, the advantages and limitations of the proposed task for the study of ELM in children are described and explained. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Memória Episódica , Animais , Rememoração MentalRESUMO
Resumen: La memoria tipo episódica (MTE) implica recordar de manera integrada el qué, el dónde y el cuándo de un evento y es atribuible a animales y humanos, permitiendo recordar y actualizar lo aprendido. Se realizó un experimento para estudiar la actualización y recuerdo integrado en la MTE de niños prescolares. Se compararon dos condiciones (A=B y A>B) que involucraron más de dos fases en las que varió la magnitud para una de las consecuencias. En una primera fase ambas condiciones presentaron la misma información (A+, B+ y C+), mientras que las fases subsecuentes se presentaron diferentes magnitudes de consecuencia (segunda fase: A++++ o A**** de acuerdo a la condición; tercera fase: B++++). Finalmente, la prueba ocurrió 24 h después del entrenamiento y los participantes eligieron entre el contenedor A o B. El qué fue la consecuencia; el dónde, los contenedores, y el cuándo, el orden de cada fase presentada. Los datos sugieren que tras el paso del tiempo los participantes recuerdan de manera integrada el qué, el dónde y el cuándo actualizando el aprendizaje de cada experiencia. Los participantes consideraron la magnitud de la consecuencia obtenida en cada fase, mostrando así la flexibilidad del recuerdo propuesta por la MTE. Los datos son coherentes con las predicciones de la Regla de Ponderación Temporal de Devenport.
Abstract: Episodic-like memory (ELM) involves that animals can remember What, Where and When about an event and it is attributable to animals and humans, this ability permits recall and update learning. One experiment was made for study the update and integrated recall of ELM in preschoolers. We compared two conditions (A = B and A > B) that involve more than two phases with modifying of one magnitude outcome. In the first phase, both conditions had the same information, while next phases had different outcome value in two containers (A or B). Finally, a test was presented after 24 hours: participants chose between A or B container. What, was the outcome subjective value; Where, was the containers and When was the order to each phase. Data suggest that after time pass, participants remember an integrated way about What, Where and When. Even when participants update learning for each experience participants chose according to time and outcome subjective value of each phase and the information retrieval is flexible as happen with ELM. Results are consistent with predictions of Devenport's Temporal Weighting Rule.