Correction to: The transversus abdominis plane block reduces the cumulative need of analgesic medication following inguinal hernia repair in TAPP technique: a retrospective single center analysis among 838 patients.

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The transversus abdominis plane block reduces the cumulative need of analgesic medication following inguinal hernia repair in TAPP technique: a retrospective single center analysis among 838 patients.

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (IHR) may lead to early postoperative pain. Therefore, opioid and non-opioid analgesic agents are often administered in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). To reduce the postoperative cumulative need of analgesic medication, as well as to accelerate the physical recovery time, the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has recently been studied. The TAP block is a regional anesthesia technique. Even though there is evidence about the efficacy of the block used in procedure such as an open inguinal hernia repair, the evidence regarding its use for the TAPP (transabdominal preperitoneal) technique remains low. We aim to provide more sufficient evidence regarding this topic. METHODS: A monocentric retrospective observational study investigating the effect of the TAP block prior to primary IHR in TAPP technique was conducted. The data of 838 patients who were operated on using this technique from June 2007 to February 2019 were observed. 72 patients were excluded because of insufficient information regarding their analgesic medication protocol. The patients' data were taken from their files. RESULTS: The patients in the TAP block group (n = 364) did not differ statistically significantly compared to the control group (n = 402) in terms of gender, BMI and age. Individuals of the TAP block group experienced less postoperative pain in the PACU (p < 0.001) and received less analgesic medication (morphine, oxycodone, piritramide, acetaminophen; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We assume that the TAP block is a sufficient approach to reduce postoperative pain and analgesic medication administration for IHR in TAPP technique.

The transversus abdominis plane block may reduce early postoperative pain after laparoscopic ventral hernia repair a matched pair analysis.

PURPOSE: Patients suffering from a ventral hernia can be treated by laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (VHR) with the intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) technique. To reduce early postoperative pain and the analgesic cumulative need for medication (CNM), the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has recently been investigated and implemented in hernia surgery. We aimed to investigate its impact when conducting a VHR in IPOM technique. METHODS: A single center retrospective observational matched pair analysis has been conducted from March to April 2020. The data of patients who underwent VHR in IPOM technique with prior TAP block administration were enrolled. The matching was performed using the variables age ( ±5 years), gender, type of surgery, BMI and ASA stage. RESULTS: 52 patients were enrolled. Among the individuals of the TAP block group, (18 males, 8 females) the average age was 52.4 (15.9). The average BMI was 29.0 (3.95) kg/m2. 14 patients suffered from an umbilical, 9 from an incisional, and three from an epigastric hernia. Except for COX-2-inhibitors, (TAP group: 41.9 mg (31.0), Control group 9.23 (22.1), p < 0.001) the analgesic CNM of both groups did not statistically differ from each other. The literature review yielded four relevant publications (n = 100). The authors stated a positive impact of the TAP block on early postoperative pain and analgesic medication consumption. CONCLUSION: The TAP block prior to laparoscopic ventral hernia repair may reduce early postoperative pain and analgesic medication consumption in selected patients. More randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.

[Total videoendoscopic thyroid resection by the axillobilateral breast approach. Operative method and first results]. / Total-videoendoskopische Strumaresektion via "axillobilateral breast approach". Operative Technik und erste Ergebnisse.

BACKGROUND: The axillobilateral breast approach (ABBA) is a procedure allowing thyroid resection without scarring at the neck. We operated on a series of 26 patients with this technique. METHOD: Via incisions at the edge of the mamilla and axilla, trocars are placed subcutaneously under the platyma. Dissection is performed bluntly and with an ultrasonographic scalpel under videoscopic control. The procedure itself corresponds to conventional surgery. The specimen is removed through the axillary trocar. RESULTS: Twenty-six female patients underwent thyroid resection using the ABBA technique. Subtotal resection was performed in 24. Mean operation times were 111 min (unilateral) and 187 min (bilateral). In none of these cases was conversion necessary. One transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and one paresis of the arm plexus were found postoperatively. CONCLUSION: In selected patients the ABBA technique is feasible and safe with the mandatory radicalness. The primary aim of this method is the cosmetic result.

Expression of p53 and mdm2 mRNA and protein in colorectal carcinomas.

The aim of our study was to investigate the expression of p53 and mdm2 mRNA and protein in colorectal adenocarcinoma. For the detection of mRNA, 60 fresh frozen human tumour samples and 12 samples of corresponding normal tissue were examined. After total RNA extraction, reverse transcription (RT) was performed followed by cDNA amplification with specific primers using RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunohistochemical detection of protein was examined in 81 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human tumour specimens as well as 15 samples of adjacent normal colorectal tissue. p53 mRNA was detected in 80% (48/60) of the tumours and in 67% (8/12) of normal tissue samples; 87% (52/60) of tumours had mdm2 mRNA in contrast to only 17% (2/12) of normal tissue specimens. Nuclear p53 protein expression was observed in 52% (42/81) of the tumour specimens and in none of the 15 normal specimens, whereas mdm2 protein was found in the nucleus (31%, 25/81) and also in the cytoplasm (86%, 70/81) of tumour samples. In normal tissue, mdm2 protein expression was only observed in the cytoplasm (13%, 2/15) and not in the nucleus. There was a significant correlation between coexpression of p53 and mdm2 protein and the occurrence of lymph node metastases (P = 0.03) as well as between p53 protein expression and the occurrence of distant metastases (P = 0.007). Additionally, significant associations were found between p53 mRNA and p53 protein, p53 mRNA and mdm2 mRNA or protein, and also between mdm2 mRNA and mdm2 protein expression, supporting the existence of a regulatory mechanism involving p53 and mdm2.

Assessment of the proliferation index in gastric carcinomas with the monoclonal antibody MIB 1.

Our study aimed to reveal whether the proliferation index of tumor cells, calculated with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) MIB1, is of prognostic relevance in patients with a gastric carcinoma and shows any correlation to well-known clinicopathological factors (TNM categories, stage, grade, Laurén type). We examined formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of samples from 94 patients, who underwent surgery for an adenocarcinoma of the stomach between 1988 and 1991. Specimens were immunohistochemically stained using the mAb MIB1 in combination with the alkaline-phosphatase/anti-(alkaline phosphatase) technique. The proliferation index (PI) was estimated in various areas of interest (tumor center and periphery and in lymph node metastases of compartments I and II), by always counting 200 tumor cells in three different high-power fields per specimen, and calculated as the percentage of MIB1-positive tumor cell nuclei relative to all tumor cell nuclei in the area examined. The total PI in the primary tumor was 47.2% and slightly higher in the center (49.1%) compared to the periphery (44.7%). Surprisingly in lymph node metastases the PI was lower than in the primary tumor (compartment I: 39.5%, compartment II: 33.6%). Tumors with distant metastases revealed a higher proliferative activity (55.1%) than tumors without (44.3%). The PI increased significantly from well to poorly differentiated carcinomas (P < 0.01), whereas the intestinal Laurén type showed a lower PI than the diffuse type. No difference in survival was found between patients with a median PI or less and those with a PI above the median (47.2%). Our results show that the proliferation index in gastric carcinomas has no prognostic relevance and therefore is of low clinical value.

[Demonstration of the angiogenic cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by non radioactive in situ hybridization]. / Nachweis des angiogenen Zytokins Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) durch nicht radioaktive In-situ-Hybridisierung.

In tumor angiogenesis Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) has an important role due to its target cell specificity. It is expressed by the tumor and effects on a paracrine pathway. To increase the understanding of its regulation, it is necessary to identify those cells releasing VEGF. This can be done by in situ hybridization (ISH). In this paper we present a protocol for non-radioactive ISH for VEGF colonic tissue. With this protocol it is possible to perform hybridization within one day.

[Incisional hernia repair: sublay or intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM)?]. / Versorgung von Narbenhernien: Sublay- oder Intra-Peritoneale Onlay-Mesh (IPOM)-Technik?

The last decade has brought new technical developments to incisional hernia repair. Agreement has been achieved that tension-free hernia repair using prostheses reduces recurrence rates significantly. Currently, discussion focusses on laparoscopic (intraperitoneal onlay mesh = IPOM) versus open (sublay) approach, and on the question as to which mesh should be used. We have evaluated publications of the last years comparing the IPOM and the sublay techniques. All studies concern small cohorts and only short follow-up times. Nevertheless, in a descriptive analysis both techniques are associated with low recurrence rates (< 5 %). Furthermore, it seems that laparoscopic repair leads to a better quality of life and reduced total hospital costs. None of the available materials can be described as the "ideal mesh", so far. Due to the quality of the available studies, the question concerning the best approach and the best mesh cannot be answered sufficiently yet. For these decisions, prospective, randomised studies are urgently needed.

[Does preoperative corticoid administration reduce the incidence of acute rejections after kidney transplantation?]. / Reduziert die präoperative Kortikoidapplikation die Inzidenz akuter Abstossungen nach Nierentransplantation?

Primary immunosuppressive therapy in renal transplantation is mediated by glucocorticosteroids with a delay of several hours. Consequence of the common practice of using first dose of steroids intraoperatively is a first contact of antigens with an unaltered immune system. In a prospective study on 111 renal transplant patients, we could show by the parameters of in vitro cytokine generation and acute rejection episodes that immunological responsiveness can be altered by early (5 h) preoperative use of glucocorticosteroids.

[Determination of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration in serum of patients with colorectal carcinoma]. / Bestimmung der Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-Konzentration im Serum von Patienten mit einem kolorektalen Karzinom.

The aim of our study was to determine the serum concentration of VEGF in 53 patients with a colorectal carcinoma and 22 healthy volunteers (control group) and to compare it with tumor stage and volume. We found significantly higher serum levels in tumor patients in contrast to the control group and between patients with and without distant metastases. There was also a correlation between high serum concentrations and great tumor volumes, but only weak with tumor stage. Our results support the hypothesis that tumor growth is dependent on angiogenesis and that VEGF is a potent growth factor with angiogenic activity.

Acceleration of cutaneous wound healing by transient p53 inhibition.

The increase of cell proliferation during early wound healing is thought to be regulated by a decrease of apoptosis. In contrast, the reduction of cellularity during final wound maturation may be controlled by an increase of apoptotic cell death. Herein we studied whether p53 is involved in wound healing-associated apoptosis and whether transient inhibition of p53 is effective to improve the early healing process of cutaneous wounds. Using intravital microscopic and immunohistochemical techniques in hairless mice, we demonstrated that in vivo inhibition of p53 by pifithrin-alpha (PFT-alpha; 2.2 mg/kg ip) accelerates early epithelialization and neovascularization of cutaneous wounds by (i) promoting leukocyte recruitment, (ii) increasing cell proliferation, and (iii) reducing apoptotic cell death. We further show that final wound closure with down-regulation of cell proliferation is not inhibited by PFT-alpha treatment, indicating that transient blockade of p53 function does not affect the process of wound maturation. Western blot analysis revealed that PFT-alpha lowered nuclear but not cytoplasmic p53, implying that cytoplasmic retention of p53 mediates the antiapoptotic effects of PFT-alpha. Furthermore, PFT-alpha significantly increased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein in whole extracts of cutaneous tissue and caused a rise in proliferation of wild-type, but not mutant, p53-expressing keratinocytes. From our study we conclude that transient inhibition of p53 supports the early cell proliferation required for rapid tissue repair and that this may represent an attractive approach in the treatment of delayed wound healing.