Deceased-donor kidney transplantation: improvement in long-term survival.

BACKGROUND: Despite marked improvement in short-term renal allograft survival rates (GSR) in recent years, improvement in long-term GSR remained elusive. METHODS: We analysed the kidney transplant experience at our centre accrued over four decades to evaluate how short-term and long-term GSR had changed and to identify risk factors affecting graft survival. The study included 1476 adult recipients of a deceased-donor kidney transplant who were transplanted between 1963 and 2006 and who had received one of five distinct immunosuppressive protocols. RESULTS: Five-year actual GSR steadily improved over the years as immunosuppressive therapy evolved (22-86%, P < 0.001) in spite of an increasing trend in the transplantation of higher-risk donor-recipient pairings. For those whose grafts functioned for the first year, subsequent 4-year GSR (5-year conditional GSR) also improved significantly (63-92%, P < 0.001). Acute rejection and delayed graft function (DGF) were the most significant risk factors for actual graft survival, while acute rejection was the only significant risk factor for conditional GSR. Use of kidneys from expanded-criteria donors (ECD) was not a risk factor, compared to the use of standard-criteria donor kidneys for either 5-year actual or conditional GSR. There was an impressive decline in the incidence of acute rejection events (77.4-5.8%, P < 0.001). While the DGF rate had decreased, it still remained high (68.7-38.5%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant improvement in both short-term and long-term GSR of deceased-donor kidney transplants over the last four decades. These improvements are most likely related to the decreased incidence of acute rejection episodes. Minimizing acute rejection events and preventing DGF could result in further improvement in the GSR. Our experience in the judicious use of ECD kidneys suggests that this source of kidneys could be expanded further.

Pulsatile machine perfusion with Vasosol solution improves early graft function after cadaveric renal transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Cold storage is the most common method of preservation in renal transplantation, but pulsatile machine perfusion (MP) is increasingly used for purposes of ex vivo assessment and resuscitation of high risk allografts. Vasosol (VSL) MP solution (MPS) (Pike Laboratories Inc, Eagle, PA) is a novel perfusate with enhanced vasodilatory and antioxidant capacity. We report our experience with VSL in machine preservation of renal allografts. METHODS: Locally procured cadaver kidney pairs undergoing MP were randomized to VSL or control solution (Belzer MPS; Trans-Med, Elk River, MN). En bloc perfusion was performed according to standard MP procedures. Transplantation was performed at 1 of 12 local transplant centers. Donor and recipient data were collected prospectively. RESULTS: Data from 162 transplanted kidneys were analyzed. A total of 82 renal grafts were perfused with VSL, and 80 were perfused with control solution. No organs were lost secondary to the technique of MP. There was no difference in donor or recipient age between groups. Kidneys perfused with VSL exhibited significantly higher rates of immediate function and significantly less delayed graft function (12.2% vs. 21.2%). Discharge creatinine and length of stay were also significantly improved in the VSL group. One-year graft and patient survivals were equivalent (95%) in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: VSL improved early graft function and shortened the length of stay compared with Belzer MPS. Further improvement in preservation solutions in conjunction with pulsatile perfusion shows promise in improving early outcomes after renal transplantation, especially for extended criteria donor kidneys.