Three-dimensional volumetric evaluation of root resorption in maxillary anteriors following en-masse retraction with varying force vectors - a randomized control trial.

BACKGROUND: Root resorption in orthodontics is associated with direction and magnitude of force application as primary etiological factors. Well-controlled trials that utilize three-dimensional segmentation to detect volumetric changes in tooth structure are required to assess the quantitative nature of root resorption. OBJECTIVE: To assess the severity of root resorption (RR) during retraction of maxillary anteriors with three different force vectors (with and without skeletal anchorage) via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) superimpositions. TRIAL DESIGN: Three-arm parallel randomized clinical trial (RCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two (16 males, 26 females) patients, (17-28 years), in permanent dentition with bimaxillary protrusion were randomly allocated to three groups of 14 patients each using block randomization (1:1:1 ratio) and allocation concealment. En-masse anterior retraction post first premolar extractions was carried out with modified force vectors in the three groups based on anchorage type [Molar, Mini-implant and Infrazygomatic crest (IZC) bone screws]. Volumetric root loss and linear dimensional changes were blindly assessed on initial (T0) and final (T1, end of space closure) CBCT scans. Normality distribution of values was done using Shapiro-Wilk's test. ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey HSD test were done to compare measurements between groups at significance levels (P < .05). RESULTS: Forty patients were analysed (14, 14, and 12 in three groups). Significant volumetric loss was noted in all groups. Central incisors demonstrated a significant reduction in IZC group (81.5 ± 21.1 mm3 ) compared to conventional (50.1 ± 26.5 mm3 ) and mini-implant groups (76.1 ± 27.6 mm3 ). Canines demonstrated a significant reduction in mini-implant group (108.9 ± 33.9 mm3 ) compared to conventional (68.8 ± 42.5 mm3 ) and IZC groups (103.1 ± 29.1 mm3 ). Regarding linear parameters, central incisors and canines revealed significant root length reduction in both skeletal anchorage groups. Lateral incisors showed no significant changes between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intrusive force vectors generated during skeletally anchored retraction can predispose anteriors to an increased risk of resorption. Greater loss of root volume was noted in the centrals and canines when retracted with skeletal anchorage. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size and variations during CBCT acquisition. HARMS: Low-dose CBCT scans were taken at T0 and T1 treatment intervals.

Evaluation of treatment outcomes with passive presurgical infant orthopaedics in patients with non-syndromic cleft lip and or palate: A systematic review conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.

AIM: The primary goal of the present comprehensive systematic review is to assess the treatment results attained through PSIO in individuals with NSCLP, as well as to explore its effectiveness. This will be accomplished by examining a range of existing published studies that focus on patient groups who have undergone PPIO. MATERIALS: A comprehensive search strategy was devised by a single author for each database without language restrictions. The databases searched were PubMed, Cochrane library Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus. The search period was limited to the years 2001 to 2023. Duration and study design filter was used. Furthermore, conference proceedings, abstracts, and reference lists of relevant studies were sought to obtain additional records. CONCLUSION: The examined protocols for passive presurgical infant orthopaedics (PPIO) in individuals with CLP typically did not reveal notable treatment outcomes when compared to a lack of treatment across a range of domains. These domains encompass feeding patterns, facial aesthetics, maxillary dentoalveolar factors, cephalometric measurements, speech and language-related aspects, dental arch alignments, economic assessments, as well as occurrences of adverse effects or complications associated with applied appliances or procedures.

Fungal infection presenting as giant cell tubulointerstitial nephritis in kidney allograft.

Giant cell tubulointerstitial nephritis in the kidney allograft caused by infection is rare, and donor-transmitted infection in transplanted kidneys is also rare. In this case report, we describe an unusual histological manifestation of Candida albicans in the graft biopsy of a 53-year-old male kidney transplant recipient with decreased renal function 12 days post transplant. Several giant cells were present in the tubulointerstitial inflammation, as well as yeasts, with no evidence of rejection, and the histological diagnosis was confirmed by urine culture. Donor urine culture was positive for C. albicans, suggestive of a possible donor-transmitted infection. Prompt antifungal treatment eradicated the infection, and averted systemic spread. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports of Candida infection with giant cell tubulointerstitial nephritis in human renal allograft.

Long-term suppression of adult bladder morbidity and severe hydronephrosis following selective population chemotherapy for Schistosoma haematobium.

Repeated selective population chemotherapy of school age children reduces infection and morbidity associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection. To examine the long-term effect of this treatment on susceptibility to re-infection and late disease, a cohort of Kenyans (n = 194) were re-examined for infection and urinary tract morbidity 7-13 years after they underwent annual ultrasonography and treatment for an average of 5 years beginning in 1984 as children. Controls were previously untreated age-matched individuals residing in the same or adjacent villages. The overall prevalence and intensity of infection were equivalent between the 2 groups. In contrast, the prevalence of bladder wall pathology was 11-fold lower in previously treated (1.5%) versus untreated subjects (17%). Severe hydronephrosis was completely reversed. These data demonstrate that treatment significantly reduced urinary tract morbidity despite re-infection, and suggest that the important risk factors for urinary tract morbidity in adulthood are cumulative intensity and duration of infection during early adolescence.

Use of the World Wide Web for multisite data collection.

As access to the Internet becomes increasingly available, research applications in medicine will increase. This paper describes the use of the Internet, and, more specifically, the World Wide Web (WWW), as a channel of communication between EDs throughout the world and investigators who are interested in facilitating the collection of data from multiple sites. Data entered into user-friendly electronic surveys can be transmitted over the Internet to a database located at the site of the study, rendering geographic separation less of a barrier to the conduction of multisite studies. The electronic format of the data can enable real-time statistical processing while data are stored using existing database technologies. In theory, automated processing of variables within such a database enables early identification of data trends. Methods of ensuring validity, security, and compliance are discussed.