Stromal Vascular Fraction Gel (SVF-Gel) Combined with Nanofat for Tear Trough Deformity.

BACKGROUND: Tear trough deformity makes patients appear tired. Patients with less severe tear trough deformity prefer a less invasive method to correct the deformity. The infraorbital area is a multilayered tissue, and the aging of various components leads to tear trough deformity. To this end, we utilized the different characteristics of different fat derivatives to correct tear trough deformity. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with Barton Grade I/II tear trough deformity were enrolled in this study between September 2020 and March 2021. We injected Stromal Vascular Fraction Gel (SVF-Gel) into the suborbicularis oculi fat layer and Nanofat into the subcutaneous. After 12 months of follow-up, we evaluated the changes using standardized clinical photogrammetric techniques, volume, global aesthetic improvement scale, and patient self-evaluation. RESULTS: There were no major complications in any of the 32 patients. The measured data points demonstrated improvements in all aesthetic parameters. The width of the tear trough and the distance from the pupil to the tear trough improved. The Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) showed a high score (2.45±0.64 points), with patient self-assessment showing satisfactory results. CONCLUSION: SVF-Gel combined with Nanofat injection can effectively correct tear trough deformities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

LncRNA WEE2-AS1 is a diagnostic biomarker that predicts poor prognoses in patients with glioma.

BACKGROUND: Glioma is characterized by high morbidity, high mortality, and poor prognosis. Despite tremendous advances in the treatment of glioma, the prognosis of patients with glioma is still unsatisfactory. There is an urgent need to discover novel molecular markers that effectively predict prognosis in patients with glioma. The investigation of the role of WEE2-AS1 in various tumors is an emerging research field, but the biological function and prognostic value of WEE2-AS1 in glioma have rarely been reported. This study aimed to assess the value of WEE2-AS1 as a potential prognostic marker of glioma. METHODS: Gene expression (RNA-Seq) data of patients with glioma were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to analyze the expression of WEE2-AS1 in the cells and tissues of glioma. The Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and logistic regression were used to evaluate the relationship between clinical variables and expression of WEE2-AS1. Cox regression analysis and the Kaplan-Meier method were used to evaluate the prognostic factors in glioma. A nomogram based on Cox multivariate analysis was used to predict the impact of WEE2-AS1 on glioma prognosis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to identify key WEE2-AS1-associated signaling pathways. Spearman's rank correlation was used to elucidate the association between WEE2-AS1 expression and immune cell infiltration levels. RESULTS: We found that WEE2-AS1 was overexpressed in a variety of cancers, including glioma. High expression of WEE2-AS1 was associated with glioma progression. We determined that the expression of WEE2-AS1 might be an independent risk factor for the survival and prognosis of patients with glioma. We further observed that the mechanism of WEE2-AS1-mediated tumorigenesis involved neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cell cycle, and the infiltration of immune cells into the glioma microenvironment. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that WEE2-AS1 is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with glioma. An increased understanding of its effects on the regulation of cell growth may lead to the development of clinical applications that improve the prognostic status of patients with glioma.

Experimental Study on the Biological Outcome of Auricular Cartilage and Costal Cartilage at Different Time Periods After Autologous Cartilage Rhinoplasty.

Since autologous cartilage is a good transplant material, it is widely used in various fields of clinical medicine. In this study, we collected clinical specimens obtained at different numbers of years after transplantation and used histologic staining to explore the post-transplantation changes in auricular cartilage and costal cartilage. A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent primary autologous cartilage rhinoplasty and secondary rhinoplasty from 2017 to 2021, and the remaining autologous cartilage tissue after surgery was used for histologic testing. As time progressed after transplantation, the density of costal chondrocytes decreased first and then increased, while the secretion of type II collagen and extracellular matrix both decreased slightly. There was a clear boundary between the cartilage tissue and the surrounding connective tissue, and there was no ingrowth of blood vessels in the cartilage. Auricular cartilage showed a decrease in the integrity of the matrix edge. Moreover, local fibrosis was visible, and vascular ingrowth was observed at the edge of the cartilage. The content of type II collagen first increased and then decreased, and the cell secretion function was lower than that of normal chondrocytes. The results of the study suggest that the histologic outcome of elastic cartilage after transplantation is significantly different from that of hyaline cartilage. Moreover, costal cartilage was more stable than auricular cartilage after transplantation.

Biological Changes of Autologous Auricular Cartilage in Rhinoplasty.

Autologous auricular cartilage is used extensively as a good graft material in rhinoplasty. In this study, clinical specimens from patients who underwent revision rhinoplasty with auricular cartilage grafts were collected to compare the changes before and after auricular cartilage transplantation with the use of histologic, immunohistochemical, and quantitative assays. Patients who underwent revision rhinoplasty from 2018 to 2022 were analyzed. Fresh auricular cartilage left after surgery and auricular cartilage graft tissue were examined and compared. Compared with fresh auricular cartilage, local fibrosis was seen in the transplanted auricular cartilage with a slight decrease in elastic fibers, type II collagen, and extracellular matrix secretion. Quantitative assays showed a decrease in glycosaminoglycan, DNA, and total collagen content in the transplanted auricular cartilage tissue. The results of the study suggest that the histologic characteristics, cell functionality, and biochemical composition of the grafted cartilage changed to a certain extent after autologous auricular cartilage graft rhinoplasty. These results provide insights into the selection of graft/filler materials for rhinoplasty and what changes to expect.

Inverse lithography source and mask optimization via Bayesian compressive sensing.

Source and mask optimization (SMO) is a key technique to guarantee the lithographic fidelity for 14-5 nm technology nodes. The balance between lithography fidelity and computational efficiency is a big issue for SMO. Our earlier works of compressive sensing SMO (CS-SMO) effectively accelerated the SMO procedure by sampling monitoring pixels. However, the imaging fidelity of the results of these methods can be further improved. This paper proposes a novel Bayesian compressive sensing source and mask optimization (BCS-SMO) method, to the best of our knowledge, to achieve the goals of fast SMO and high fidelity patterns simultaneously. The SMO procedure can be achieved by solving as a series of re-weighted l1-norm reconstruction problems, and the weights can be updated in every iteration. The results demonstrate that, with similar computational efficiency, the BCS-SMO method can significantly improve lithographic fidelity over the current CS-SMO method.

Optimized spatially modulated polarimetry with an efficient calibration method and hybrid gradient descent reconstruction.

High accuracy and fast polarization measurements at a low light field are significant in various applications, spanning from quantum optics to diagnosis of living biological tissue. In this paper, we developed an optimized spatially modulated polarimetry (OSMP) with an efficient calibration method that establishes a quantitative link between the intensity distribution of an arbitrary incident polarization state and four intensity distributions of specific input polarization states. Such a calibration method not only considers the total polarimetric errors induced by polarization elements and the focusing lens but also simplifies the procedure of calibration. A hybrid gradient descent (HGD) algorithm, combining the rapidity of optimization of gradient descent (GD) algorithm and the accuracy of optimization of direct enumeration (DE) algorithm, was proposed to restructure the Stokes parameters. Experiment results illustrate that the proposed method can significantly improve the speed and accuracy of polarization measurements over existing spatially modulated polarimeters based on the vortex wave retarder, whether in strong or low light fields.

Sampling-based imaging model for fast source and mask optimization in immersion lithography.

Current source and mask optimization (SMO) research tends to focus on advanced inverse optimization algorithms to accelerate SMO procedures. However, innovations of forward imaging models currently attract little attention, which impacts computational efficiency more significantly. A sampling-based imaging model is established with the innovation of an inverse point spread function to reduce computational dimensions, which can provide an advanced framework for fast inverse lithography. Simulations show that the proposed SMO method with the help of the proposed model can further speed up the algorithm-accelerated SMO procedure by a factor of 3.

Analysis of Factors Affecting Postoperative Drainage After Comprehensive Rhinoplasty.

This study aimed to explore and analyze the factors influencing the drainage volume after comprehensive rhinoplasty. The clinical data of 102 patients who underwent comprehensive rhinoplasty at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2019 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The effects of age, sex, body mass index, whether an osteotomy was performed, and whether a nasal septum flap was obtained on the indwelling time of the drainage tube after the operation were analyzed by single factor analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. Age, body mass index, whether it was a primary rhinoplasty, whether an osteotomy was performed, and whether a nasal septum flap was obtained were the influencing factors for drainage time after augmentation rhinoplasty ( P <0.05). Sex had little effect on the drainage time after comprehensive rhinoplasty ( P >0.05). Body mass index, whether an osteotomy was performed and whether a nasal septum flap was obtained were the independent influencing factors for the postoperative drainage time ( P <0.05). For patients with multiple independent influencing factors, individualized management during the perioperative period should be promoted, and reasonable treatment strategies should be formulated, so as to reduce the indwelling time of the drainage tube after the operation.

Rigorous imaging-based measurement method of polarization aberration in hyper-numerical aperture projection optics.

Imaging-based measurement methods of polarization aberration (PA) are indispensable in hyper-numerical aperture projection optics for advanced lithography. However, the current methods are derived from the Kirchhoff model and ignore the 3D mask effect of the test mask, which will impact the measurement accuracy. In this paper, a novel imaging-based measurement method of PA is proposed based on a rigorous imaging model to improve the measurement accuracy. Through the quantitative description of the 3D mask effect, a rigorous imaging-based measurement model of PA is established. A synchronous orientation measurement method is designed to effectively reduce the cost of establishing the overdetermined equations. A deep neural network is used to retrieve the PA accurately. Simulations show that the proposed method effectively eliminates the impact of the 3D mask effect of test mask on PA measurement, and the measurement error is reduced by 72% compared with the measurement method based on the Kirchhoff model.

Exposure latitude aware source and mask optimization for extreme ultraviolet lithography.

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is a new generation of integrated circuit manufacturing technology with great development prospects. EUV lithography has more significant demand for high exposure latitude (EL) due to greater requirements for the stability of the light source. Source and mask optimization (SMO) technology is widely used to compensate for imaging distortion. In this paper, we propose an EL-aware SMO (ELASMO) method that uses a low-resist threshold sensitivity (LRS) penalty function to improve the EL in EUV lithography. Compared to conventional SMO, the proposed ELASMO method can significantly enhance the aerial image contrast, improve the EL, and enlarge the process window while ensuring high imaging fidelity.