Exploring Preclinical Experiments with Different Fat Types for Autologous Fat Grafting.

BACKGROUND: Autologous fat transplantation has been a cornerstone of tissue regeneration for decades. However, there is no standardized selection system or criteria for fat graft selection, often relying heavily on the surgeon's experience. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate various types of fat derivatives, both in vitro and in vivo at the same condition. METHODS: We collected traditional fat granules of different sizes and SVF-gel, evaluating the viability of ADSCs isolated from them and their performance after grafting into mice. RESULTS: Large fat granules exhibited more complete adipocyte structures, and the isolated ADSCs demonstrated superior differentiation, proliferation, and secretion capacities. They also showed excellent volume retention after 12 weeks. In contrast, ADSCs isolated from SVF-gel displayed lower vitality. However, grafts from SVF-gel exhibited the highest volume maintenance rate among the four groups after 12 weeks, closely resembling normal adipose tissue and displaying significant vascularization. Compared to large fat granule and SVF-gel group, medium and small fat granule grafts exhibited lower volume retention and less angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Through preclinical studies, the flexible clinical use of different fat grafts can be tailored to their unique characteristics. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Association Between Aromatase Inhibitors and Myocardial Infarction Morbidity in Women With Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular toxicity of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) for women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer is controversial. We aimed to evaluate the association between AIs and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer based on real-world studies. METHOD: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify studies that estimated the association between MI risk and AIs. A random-effects model was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the predefined outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 134 476 patients from eight cohort studies were enrolled in our analysis. For MI incidence, no significant difference was found between the users of AIs and non-users (HR: .98, 95% CI: .83-1.17). The subgroup analysis of patients without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) suggested a reduced risk of MI (HR: .86, 95% CI: .77-.96). No significant difference was found for ischemic stroke (HR: .93, 95% CI: .82-1.07) and heart failure (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: .92-1.66) between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Based on real-world data, AIs may be a safe treatment route for patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and those with a history of CVD. AIs caused a major decrease in MI in patients without CVD history. However, more in-depth investigations are needed to explore the association between AI use and the incidence of MI in the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

Intestinal Flora Derived Metabolites Affect the Occurrence and Development of Cardiovascular Disease.

In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that the gut microbiota and their metabolites play a pivotal role in human health and diseases, especially the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Intestinal flora imbalance (changes in the composition and function of intestinal flora) accelerates the progression of CVDs. The intestinal flora breaks down the food ingested by the host into a series of metabolically active products, including trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), primary and secondary bile acids, tryptophan and indole derivatives, phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) and branched chain amino acids (BCAA). These metabolites participate in the occurrence and development of CVDs via abnormally activating these signaling pathways more swiftly when the gut barrier integrity is broken down. This review focuses on the production and metabolism of TMAO and SCFAs. At the same time, we summarize the roles of intestinal flora metabolites in the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease and hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and other CVDs. The theories of "gut-lung axis" and "gut-heart axis" are provided, aiming to explore the potential targets for the treatment of CVDs based on the roles of the intestinal flora in the CVDs.