[Frequency analysis of the use of addictive substances by adolescents attending secondary schools in Sanok]. / Analiza czestosci uzywania substancji uzalezniajacych przez uczniów szkól srednich w Sanoku.

In recent years more and more adolescents use addictive and psychoactive substances. Lack of love and safety feeling in their families, being in conflict with peer group and the need for acting opposite to social rules are amongst the most pertinent reasons of the matter in hand. The aim of this paper is to find out how may teenagers use and fall in dependence on alcohol, tobacco and drugs. We interviewed 140 pupils aged 17-18 years attending secondary schools in Sanok. 91.4% of the interviewed students said that they had been informed at school about health hazards resulting from drinking alcohol, smoking tobacco and use of drugs. In spite of that all of them said that they did use alcohol. 46.4% of them confirmed that they overused it. 35.7% of the examined students smoked cigarettes. 25.7% of the respondents used drugs at least once in their lives. 62.5% of them used marihuana, 25% hashish, 5.7% hallucinogenic mushrooms, 3.6% LSD, 1.8% amphetamine and 1.8% ecstasy. When asked to evaluate how difficult for them the access to drugs was 27.9% of pupils said that it was easy, 6.45--diffucult, 65.7% didn't know. The results obtained in our study show that adolescents use addictive substances in spite of having knowledge about their hazardous influence on their health.

[Study of hygienic habits of children and youth in the commune of Horyniec]. / Badanie nawyków higienicznych dzieci i mlodzieiy w gminie Horyniec.

Health behaviour of children and youth is being taught from the earliest years of their lives. Hygiene, dental care, hygiene of work and rest as well as proper nutritional habits determinate health condition of a child and, later on, of an adult. The aim of this work was to evaluate the hygienic habits of children and youth in the commune of Horyniec. An especially designed questionnaire was used as an examination tool. It consisted of 27 questions. 151 students of primary and grammar school were examined. The highest percentage of the interviewed students (37.1%) washed their hands 4-5 times a day. After using WC 78.1% of them washed hands, whereas the rest of them neglected that routine. Only 21.2% of the examined children brushed their teeth after every meal. An average student of the primary or grammar school spent daily 7 hours at school. They did homework or studied themselves usually 2 hours a day. Vast majority of them slept 8-9 hours every night. The most numerous group of the examined children watched TV about 2 hours a day. 57% of the students did physical activities more of ten than twice a week, 29.1% once a week and 13.3% less frequently. 85% of the kids regularly had three meals a day. The study of hygienic habits of children and youth in the commune of Horyniec shows that most of them have proper nutritional habits. Unfortunately, majority of them neglect brushing teeth after every meal and washing hands. Too many children don't do sports intensively enough.

[Hazardous substances and detrimental conditions at the workplace]. / Czynniki szkodliwe wystepujace w srodowisku pracy.

UNLABELLED: An artificially created working environment, conditioned by technological processes, puts people in circumstances unparalleled in the place of living. Working conditions exert an influence on the employee's health, thus affecting health status of the whole society. Risks occurring on the working stands may result from the presence of physical, chemical and biological agents. Their vicinity devastates the harmony of man's co-operation with the environment, activates defence mechanisms and enforces an introduction of protection systems. The target of this research was to estimate a sugar factory employees' exposure to the detrimental agents occurring in their place of work. The research was conducted in one of Lublin sugar factories and it involved an estimation of working conditions via a measurement of such physical agent parameters as microclimate, dust density, noise volume, light intensity and exposure to carbon oxide. The results of sanitary-epidemic services' inquiry into the issue were also included here. The estimation of the joint influence of the microclimatic elements in the working environment was made with the measures of temperature, humidity and air circulation were taken into account. The WBGT factor ranged from 18.80 degrees to 31.73 degrees and frequently stayed out of the limits of the thermal comfort. The measuring of the dust density showed an exceeding of the binding quotas on single working stands only. The highest weight average was 17 mg/m3. A comparison of these results with the findings of the previous years surveys shows a constant decrease in dust density. The most considerable bias from the binding quotas was noted while measuring noise level. The noise volume on some stands reached from 98 dB to 109 dB, which, taking into account the eight-hour working day, gave an average exposure level within the boundaries of 82 dB to 98 dB. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The presence of detrimental agents in working environment should lead to permanent monitoring of risks. 2. It is purposeful to undertake various preventive actions in order to minimalise effects to the employees.

Burdensome factors occurring at school according to students.

The aim of the work was to find out about school environment and burdensome factors that occur at school according to students. The research was conducted at Primary School no. 23 in Tarnów. 244 students were examined, including 135 students of 8th form and 109 students of 4th form. Troublesome factors, which students are exposed to, may be divided into two groups. The first group is related to physiochemical environment, the second group are the factors which result from a child's way of living and working in the school environment. On the basis of the analysis of the results, the necessity of restriction of both physical and psychosocial burden of students is emphasised. What seems to be especially crucial is ergonomic school furniture, diminishing of noise, improvement of hygienic condition of toilets, rational school timetable, and elimination of dangers resulting from other students' behaviour.

Psycho-social problems of HIV carriers.

HIV carrier state and AIDS generate multiple medical, psychological, social and legal problems. The aim of the work was to evaluate selected psycho-social problems among HIV carriers. The examination method was a questionnaire. We interviewed 60 HIV carriers. The results obtained confirmed the existence of the problems affecting the carriers and their families. It creates need for social education in this field.