[Prevalence of arterial hypertension and efficacy of long-term multifactor prophylaxis in some regions of Russia].

AIM: To study prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH) in relation to gender, age, profession, risk factors (RF), RF combination; efficacy of active long-term multifactor prevention among the employees of industrial enterprises in some regions of Russia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 14000 males and 20969 females from industrial enterprises of Cheboksary, Pskov, St-Petersburg were examined. 8974 males and 14515 females worked at enterprises of active intervention (EAI) while 1848 males and 1643 females were employed at comparison enterprises. RESULTS: Correction of RF conducted at six EAI reduced a mean level of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), frequency and intensity of smoking, overweight and cases of RF combination, improved ECG parameters, wellbeing of hypertensive patients, increased number of examinees free of risk factors, decreased number of days of temporary disability. Among EAI employees overall mortality, ishemic heart disease mortality and cerebrovascular disorders fell. CONCLUSION: Five- and 10-year active multifactor office prophylaxis resulted in reduction of the rate and intensity of RF, number of temporary disability days by 48%. Arterial hypertention, combination of RF in healthy and hypertensive subjects at the start of the trial significantly promoted high all-causes and cardiovascular mortality at all enterprises studied. Active multifactor prophylaxis reduced those mortalities significantly.

[Trace elements in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic bronchitis (a clinico-experimental study)]. / Mikroélementy v patogeneze i lechenii khronicheskogo bronkhita (kliniko-éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

Experiments on healthy male rats and those with chronic inflammation in the bronchi (CIB) were made to measure the content of testosterone, estradiol, zinc and copper in the blood and in the liquid of bronchoalveolar lavage (LBAL) as well as in the vitally important organs. Attempts were also made to equalize the content of trace elements by means of medicamentous correction in patients suffering from chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB). In CIB, there was a decrease of testosterone concentration in the blood and of zinc concentration in the plasma and formed elements of the blood, lungs, heart, liver, testes and adrenals (p less than 0.05). The zinc level in the LBAL was two times higher, that of copper was three times lower. After zinc sulfate was included into a complex of treatment measures for COB patients, zinc and copper concentrations in the plasma and formed elements of the blood returned to normal in addition to the improvement of the general health status. In the reference group of patients who received conventional symptomatic treatment, the given parameters did not noticeably change.

[Content of trace elements and steroid hormones in blood and tissues of internal organs in experimental pulmonary fibrosis induced by intratracheal administration of bleomycetin]. / Soderzhanie mikroélementov i steroidnykh gormonov v krovi i tkaniakh vnutrennikh organov pri ékperimental'nom fibroze legkikh, vyzvannom vnutritrakheal'nym vvedeniem bleomitsetina.

Pulmonary fibrosis was produced in rats by intratracheal administration of bleomycetin. The development of the fibrous process in the lungs was attended by marked reduction of the zinc content in the tissues of the viscera, plasma, and formed elements of the blood, as well as of corticosterone and testosterone in blood plasma. Respiratory insufficiency is a probable cause of the developing zinc-deficiency which leads to disturbed synthesis of steroid hormones. Injection of exogenous testosterone normalizes partly the level of steroid hormones in the blood, improves the general condition of the animals, and facilitates an increase of body weight.

[Content of trace elements and steroid hormones in blood and tissues of internal organs of rats during an inflammatory process in the bronchi]. / Soderzhanie mikroélementov i steroidnykh gormonov v krovi i tkaniakh vnutrennikh organov krys pri vospalitel'nom protsesse v bronkhakh.

Prolonged interrupted inhalation of nitrogen dioxide in a dose of 36.0 +/- 2.2 mg/m3 was attended by definite morphological signs of inflammation in the lungs of rats (hyperplasia of goblet cells, thickening of the basilar membrane, differentiation of ciliated epithelium, etc.), reduction of the zinc content in all studied tissues and testosterone levels in blood. Intramuscular injection of 1% testosterone propionate normalized the blood level of the hormone and influenced the synthetic processes in the cells of the bronchial epithelium and the rate of its regeneration. To raise the efficacy of the correction of the pathological process in the lungs it is suggested that hormonal therapy should be combined with correction of zinc deficiency in the organism.

[Changes in plasma levels of corticosterone, testosterone and estradiol and their receptors in the lung cytosol in experimental fibrosing process in the lungs]. / Izmenenie soderzhaniia kortikosterona, testosterona, estradiola v plazme krovi i ikh retseptorov v tsitozole legkikh pri éksperimental'nom fibroziruiushchem protsesse v legkikh.

The content of blood plasma corticosterone, testosterone and estradiol, and receptors to corticosteroids, androgens and estrogens in pulmonary cytosol of normal male rats and those with fibrosing process in the lungs were experimentally studied by means of radioimmunoassay. With pulmonary fibrosis, a decrease in the concentration of blood plasma corticosterone and testosterone, and lower content of their pulmonary cytosol receptors to corticosteroids, androgens and estrogens are observed. As testosterone propionate was administered in the course of this experiment, there was a normalization of blood plasma corticosterone levels and those of the pulmonary cytosol receptors to androgens. The content of blood plasma testosterone and the pulmonary cytosol receptors to corticosteroids and estrogens was partially normalized. However, it was significantly different from the indices in the control group.

[Steroid hormone and trace element content of the blood in patients with disseminated processes of the lungs]. / Soderzhanie steroidnykh gormonov i mikroélementov v krovi bol'nykh s disseminirovannymi protsessami v legkikh.

Blood testosterone, estradiol, hydrocortisone, iron, zinc, and copper levels in males and female patients with lung sarcoidosis, idiopathic fibrosing alveolitis and histiocytosis X were studied. The female patients were in the menopause. A significant decrease in the levels of testosterone and zinc and an increase in the levels of estradiol and copper were revealed in the patients with alveolitis and histiocytosis X. In the patients with lung sarcoidosis a significant decrease in the content of zinc and an increase in the contents of estradiol and copper were stated. There was a relationship between the magnitude of the changes in hormone and trace element levels and the respiratory failure severity.