[Point of view: A lesson from lockdown, histopathology through videoconferencing]. / Point de vue : une leçon tirée du confinement, l'histopathologie en visioconférence.

The use of videoconferencing had increased significantly during lockdown. During this period, videoconferencing has been used in the pathological department of pathology (Timone university hospital, Marseille, France) for academic, diagnosis and referral. We provide our point of view regarding the use of this tool. As discussing slides through videoconferencing is a new and specific activity, we have also summarised specific recommendations for practical remote histopathology meetings.

Common origin of sequential cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferations with nodal involvement evidenced by genome-wide clonal evolution.

AIMS: This study sought to clarify the molecular pathways underlying the putative evolution from lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) to cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (c-ALCL) and lymph node invasion (LNI). METHODS AND RESULTS: We analysed nine sequential tumours from the same patient presenting with parallel evolution of LyP (n = 3) and c-ALCL (n = 1) with LNI (n = 1), combined with systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (n = 4). Clonality analysis showed a common clonal T-cell origin in the five CD30+ lesions, and a common clonal B-cell origin in the four DLBCL relapses. Array-comparative genomic hybridisation and targeted next-generation sequencing analysis demonstrated relative genomic stability of LyP lesions as compared with clonally related anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) tumours, which showed 4q and 22q13 deletions involving the PRDM8 and TIMP3 tumour suppressor genes, respectively. The three analysed CD30+ lesions showed mostly private (specific to each sample) genetic alterations, suggesting early divergence from a common precursor. In contrast, DLBCL tumours showed progressive accumulation of private alterations, indicating late divergence. CONCLUSIONS: Sequential cutaneous and nodal CD30+ tumours were clonally related. This suggests that LyP, c-ALCL and LNI represent a continuous spectrum of clonal evolution emerging from a common precursor of cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferations. Therefore, nodal ALCL tumours in the context of LyP should be considered as a form of transformation rather than composite lymphoma.

Is negative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging really able to exclude significant prostate cancer? The real-life experience.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the histopathological results after radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients that had normal preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), in order to determine whether they had significant or insignificant disease. Moreover, we evaluated the influence of the expertise of the radiologist on the results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively included patients who underwent RP in our centre and who had a preoperative negative mpMRI. The MRIs were considered negative when no suspicious lesion was seen or when the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 1 score was <7. We used Pathological tumour-node-metastasis staging and Gleason score on pathology reports, and whole-mount sections to calculate tumour volume. RESULTS: We identified 101 patients from 2009 to 2015. Final pathology showed that 16.9% had extraprostatic extension, 13.8% had primary Gleason pattern 4 (4 + 3 and above), 47.5% had secondary Gleason pattern 4 or 5, and 55.9% and 20.6% had a main tumour volume of ≥0.5 and ≥2 mL, respectively. When limiting the analysis to expert reading only, the numbers improved: only one patient (3.4%) had extraprostatic extension (P < 0.05), one patient (3.4%) had primary Gleason pattern 4 (P = 0.05), and 64.7% and 5.9% had a main tumour volume of ≥0.5 and ≥2 mL, respectively (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: A negative MRI does not guarantee the absence of significant prostate cancer.

Hyperprogressive Disease in Anorectal Melanoma Treated by PD-1 Inhibitors.

The 5-year survival rate of primary anorectal malignant melanoma is less than 20%. Optimal treatment of this condition remains controversial regarding locally disease, and whether any preferential survival benefit arises from either abdominoperineal resection or wide local excision remains unknown. The majority of patients progress to metastatic disease, and for decades, the use of chemotherapies, such as platines or dacarbazine, has been advocated to improve overall survival. The therapeutic use of new checkpoint inhibitors in a variety of trials has provided evidence for an antitumoral effect of PD-1 and/or CTL4 inhibitors in mucosal melanomas, but these treatments must still be further evaluated. Some anecdotal occurrences of rapid progression [i.e., hyperprogressive disease (HPD)] while using these immune agents have been described, suggesting potentially deleterious effects of these drugs for some patients. We report a 77-year-old male metastatic anorectal melanoma patient presenting with HPD over 2 months of a PD1 inhibitor treatment course and document this HPD blood phenotype.

Invasive ductal breast carcinoma with predominant intraductal component: Clinicopathological features and prognosis.

PURPOSE: Invasive ductal carcinoma with predominant intraductal component (IDCPIC) represents almost 5% of breast cancers. Nevertheless few data exist concerning their characteristics and prognostic behaviour. Our objective was to describe IDCPIC's clinicopathological and prognostic features and compare them to that of invasive ductal carcinoma without predominant intraductal component (IDC). METHODS: Retrospective single centre study including all the localized invasive ductal carcinoma listed in our institutional database. Clinical, radiological and pathological criteria were collected as well as disease-free survival (DFS) data. RESULTS: From 1995 to 2008, 4109 invasive ductal breast cancers treated were included. Out of them 192 (4.7%) were IDCPIC. Most of IDCPIC (63%) were discovered by radiological screening whereas IDC suspicion was more often clinical (82.7% vs 49.5%, p < 0.001). Pathological lymph node involvement was less frequent in IDCPIC (35.8 vs 44.3%, p = 0.04). Invasive tumour median size was 2-fold smaller in IDCPIC (10 mm vs 20 mm, p<0.001). Hormone receptors expression was similar between both groups whereas HER2 overexpression was more frequent in IDCPIC (32% vs 14.3%, p<0.001). Mastectomy was more frequently performed for IDCPIC (67.7% vs 30.3%, p < 0.001) whereas chemotherapy and radiation therapy were less frequent (55.5% vs 68%, and 82.8% vs 95.5%, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). After matching for discriminant clinicopathological features (tumour size, lymph node involvement, vascular invasion, HER2), DFS was similar in both groups (5-year DFS of 87.4% vs 84.4%, p = 0.47). CONCLUSION: IDCPIC and other IDC with invasive components showing similar clinicopathological features display a similar prognosis.