Quantitative dynamic contrast-enhance MRI parameters for rectal carcinoma characterization: correlation with tumor tissue composition.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements and the potential composition of rectal carcinoma. METHODS: Twenty-four patients provided informed consent for this study. DCE-MRI was performed before total mesorectal excision. Quantitative parameters were calculated based on a modified Tofts model. Whole-mount immunohistochemistry and Masson staining sections were generated and digitized at histological resolution. The percentage of tissue components area was measured. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between pathological parameters and DCE-MRI parameters. RESULTS: On the World Health Organization (WHO) grading scale, there were significant differences in extracellular extravascular space (Ktrans) (F = 9.890, P = 0.001), mean transit time (MTT) (F = 9.890, P = 0.038), CDX-2 (F = 4.935, P = 0.018), and Ki-67 (F = 4.131, P = 0.031) among G1, G2, and G3. ECV showed significant differences in extramural venous invasion (t = - 2.113, P = 0.046). Ktrans was strongly positively correlated with CD34 (r = 0.708, P = 0.000) and moderately positively correlated with vimentin (r = 0.450, P = 0.027). Interstitial volume (Ve) was moderately positively correlated with Masson's (r = 0.548, P = 0.006) and vimentin (r = 0.417, P = 0.043). There was a moderate negative correlation between Ve and CDX-2 (r = - 0.441, P = 0.031). The rate constant from extracellular extravascular space to blood plasma (Kep) showed a strong positive correlation with CD34 expression (r = 0.622, P = 0.001). ECV showed a moderate negative correlation with CDX-2 (r = - 0.472, P = 0.020) and a moderate positive correlation with collagen fibers (r = 0.558, P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: The dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI-derived parameters measured in rectal cancer were significantly correlated with the proportion of histological components. This may serve as an optimal imaging biomarker to identify tumor tissue components.

Noninvasively detecting Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene status in astrocytoma by dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI.

PURPOSE: To investigate the value of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the noninvasive evaluation of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 gene status in astrocytoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The preoperative DSC MRI data of 91 lesions with pathologically confirmed astrocytoma were retrospectively analyzed. MR examination was performed on a 3T MRI scanner. The normalized maximum ratios of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV ratio) of tumor parenchyma were measured. The enrolled astrocytoma patients were divided into six groups according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification method and IDH1 gene status. The differences in the rCBV ratio of tumor parenchyma between the IDH1 gene mutant and wildtype groups of WHO grade II, III, and IV were compared and plotted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn. RESULTS: The IDH1 gene mutant and wildtype groups of WHO grade II, III, and IV astrocytoma showed differences in the rCBV ratio (P = 0.005, 0.045, and 0.005, respectively). In WHO grade II, III, and IV astrocytoma, the area under the ROC curve was respectively 0.83, 0.86, and 0.94. The cutoff value of the rCBV ratio was respectively 2.20, 3.14, and 5.63. CONCLUSION: The rCBV ratio value provided by DSC MRI provides a new potential imaging method for the noninvasive evaluation of the IDH1 status in astrocytoma. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:492-499.

Detecting isocitrate dehydrogenase gene mutations in oligodendroglial tumors using diffusion tensor imaging metrics and their correlations with proliferation and microvascular density.

PURPOSE: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are frequently present in oligodendroglial tumors (OTs) and have prognostic value. We assessed whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics could aid the noninvasive detection of IDH mutations and their correlations with tumor proliferation and microvascular density (MVD) in OTs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety patients with OTs who underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DTI were retrospectively reviewed (3T). IDH mutations were determined by immunohistochemical staining or direct sequencing. MVD and cell proliferation were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD31 and Ki-67, respectively. The Mann-Whitney U-test was applied to each of the imaging parameters. Spearman correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed. RESULTS: The maximal fractional anisotropy (FA), ratio of maximal FA (rmFA), minimal ADC, and ratio of minimal (rmADC) values were demonstrated to be significantly different between the OTs with IDH1/2 mutations and those without mutations (P < 0.05). The areas under the curve (AUCs) for the maximal FA, rmFA, minimal ADC, and rmADC were 0.79, 0.82, 0.77, and 0.80, respectively. A combination rmFA and rmADC for the diagnosis of IDH1/2 mutations led to sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of 91.5%, 76.5%, and 0.86, respectively. The Ki-67 and MVD levels in the IDH-mutated samples were lower than those in the IDH wildtype cases (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: DTI metrics may provide a noninvasive method for assessing the IDH statuses of OTs. Significantly higher minimal ADC and lower maximal FA in OTs with IDH mutations may suggest that IDH mutations lead to proliferation inhibition and an angiogenesis decrease.

Combination of diffusion tensor imaging and conventional MRI correlates with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 mutations but not 1p/19q genotyping in oligodendroglial tumours.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the correlations of conventional MRI (cMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) values with the 1p/19 codeletion and IDH mutations in oligodendroglial tumours (OTs). METHODS: Eighty-four patients with OTs who underwent cMRI and DTI were retrospectively reviewed. The maximal fractional anisotropy and minimal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured and compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Receiver operating characteristic curves, logistic regression analysis and four-table statistics analysis were performed to predict genotypings. RESULTS: OTs with 1p/19q codeletion or IDH mutations were prone to locate in frontal (P = 0.106 and 0.005, respectively) and insular lobes and were associated with absent or blurry contrast enhancement (P = 0.040 and 0.013, respectively). DTI values showed significant differences between OTs with and without IDH mutations (P < 0.05) but not in OTs with and without 1p/19q loss. The Ki-67 index significantly correlated with IDH mutations (P = 0.002) but not with 1p/19q codeletion. A combination of DTI and cMRI for the identification of IDH mutations resulted in sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 92.2 %, 75.8 %, 93.8 % and 71.1 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Combination of DTI and cMRI correlates with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 mutations but not 1p/19q genotyping in OTs. KEY POINTS: • OTs with 1p/19q codeletion were associated with absent or blurry contrast enhancement • OTs with IDH mutations were also associated with absent or blurry contrast enhancement • OTs with IDH mutations were prone to locate in frontal and insular lobes • DTI values can provide a non-invasive method for assessing the IDH status of OTs • A combination of DTI and cMRI correlates with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 mutations.

Use of a Balloon Rectal Catheter in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Complex Anal Fistula to Improve Detection of Internal Openings.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of a balloon rectal channel catheter (BRCC) in complex anal fistula magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: A prospective study was done on 54 patients with clinical diagnosis of complex anal fistula. Eighteen patients had preoperative MRI before and after inserting BRCC. Another 18 underwent MRI with BRCC and the rest without. Fistulas, internal openings, extensions, and abscesses were identified on MRI and compared with surgical findings. Intraindividual and interindividual differences with and without BRCC were analyzed. RESULTS: In intragroup patients, the accuracy of MRI in detecting the number of fistulas, internal openings, extensions, and abscesses before and after using BRCC was 100%/100%, 67%/90%, 95%/95%, and 100%/100%, respectively, with a significant difference on internal openings (P < 0.05). In intergroup patients with and without BRCC, the accuracy was 98%/96%, 88%/71%, 97%/100%, and 100%/100%, respectively, still with a significant difference on internal openings (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging with BRCC may facilitate detection of internal openings in complex anal fistula.

Prediction of Reperfusion-Associated Hemorrhagic Transformation Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Imaging in a Rat Stroke Model.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Reperfusion-associated hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is an important complication of recanalization therapy. A method to identify stroke victims that may undergo HT will improve the patient selection and safety of this treatment. In this study, we determined the relationship between timing of reperfusion and the frequency and severity of HT, and whether very early dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging predicts the occurrence of reperfusion-associated HT in a model of experimental stroke. METHODS: Intraluminal suture occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was used to produce transient ischemia in male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 50). Reperfusion was performed by withdrawal of the occluding filament after 3 (n = 10), 4 (n = 10), 5 (n = 10), 6 (n = 10), or 7 (n = 10) hours. Magnetic resonance imaging studies were performed before reperfusion using DCE, susceptibility-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and T2- and T1-weighted imaging. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging and histological studies were performed at 24 hours. RESULTS: Hemorrhagic transformation occurred by 24 hours after injury in 8 of 50 animals. The HT rate increased with prolonged ischemic duration. All animals exhibiting acute blood-brain barrier (BBB) perturbation subsequently developed HT by 24 hours. Statistically significant differences in the BBB permeability parameters (P < 0.05) between the HT group and non-HT group were detected by DCE imaging. There were also statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the HT area and adjacent HT area. Among the permeability parameters, subcortex rK was the most sensitive and specific predictor of HT. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the use of quantitative BBB measurements may further improve early prediction and identification of HT. The DCE parameters were the sensitive early independent predictor of reperfusion-associated HT.

[Effect of spinal manipulation on brain functional activity in patients with lumbar disc herniation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of spinal manipulation (SM) on brain functional activity in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). METHODS: Eleven patients with LDH were recruited in the study. All patients received 6 times of lumbar SM treatment and then clinical efficacy was evaluated. All patients received brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans before and after SM treatment. RESULTS: Three subjects dropped out and 8 subjects completed the study, among whom 4 cases were effective and 4 ineffective after SM treatment. The required pressure value producing the same level (VAS 50) pain was (7.43 ± 1.47) kg and (10.53 ± 0.55) kg before and after SM treatment in effective patients(P<0.05); however, there was no significant difference in ineffective patients (P>0.05). Compared to pre-treatment level, the brain functional activity in effective patients was mainly inhibited, the inhibited areas were located in the right side of prefrontal cortex and cerebellum; while the brain functional activity was generally enhanced in ineffective patients. CONCLUSION: SM can affect the brain functional activity of patients with LDH, the inhibited areas is mainly located in prefrontal cortex and cerebellum when SM treatment is effective.

P300 binds to and acetylates MTA2 to promote colorectal cancer cells growth.

MTA2 is a member of metastasis associated family, which is highly expressed in several solid tumors and associated with tumor cells migration and invasion. Here, we report that MTA2 is acetylated at K152 and histone acetyltransferase p300 binds to and acetylates MTA2. Furthermore, mutation of the MTA2 acetylation site inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cells and migration and invasion of Rat1 fibroblasts. These results reveal a novel post-translational regulation of MTA2 by the way of p300-dependent acetylation, which is important for tumor cells growth and migration and provides a potential target for clinical cancer research.

Neuroradiological features of papillary glioneuronal tumor: a study of 8 cases.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomographic (CT) findings in a series of 8 patients with papillary glioneuronal tumor (PGNT). METHODS: The routine MRI (n = 8), DWI (n = 7), and CT (n = 4) of 8 PGNTs verified by pathologic examination were reviewed. The location, internal architecture, calcification, attenuation value on CT; and signal features and degree of enhancement of the lesions on MRI were evaluated. RESULTS: Papillary glioneuronal tumor showed relatively characteristic imaging features as well-demarcated masses with cystic degeneration, calcification, and inhomogeneous enhancement. Six of the 8 cases were located in the periventricular area. The solid part of the lesion was isointense (n = 5/8) or hypointense (n = 3/8) to gray matter on T1-weighted imaging. Diffusion-weighted imaging presented heterogeneous hypointensity and isointensity (n = 4/7) or homogeneous hypointensity (n = 3/7) in the solid part of the lesion. CONCLUSIONS: The location adjacent to lateral ventricle, isointensity on T1-weighted imaging, and low signal on DWI may be of some specificity to PGNT.

Reduction of radiation dose in the spiral CT scan of the lumbar spine by the combined use of body mass index (BMI) and automatic exposure control (AEC).

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of the combined use of BMI and AEC in reducing the radiation dose of CT volume scans of the lumbar spine. METHODS: A prospective study was performed to continuously collect data from 50 patients (age range from 19 to 60 years, male versus female 20/30) whose BMIs were less than 25 kg/m^{2} (group A) and 50 patients (age range from 21 to 82 years, male versus female 24/26) whose BMIs were equal to or more than 25 kg/m^{2} (group B). The 50 patients in each group were randomly divided into 5 subgroups with each subgroup having lower radiation dose from subgroup 1 to 5. All the patients were performed lumbar spiral CT scans (GE LightSpeed VCT 64-slice scanner) and the scan parameters were different in different subgroups. Volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) was recorded. The qualities of the images were graded. The one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were done. RESULTS: Both in group A and B, there were significant differences in CTDIvol among the 5 subgroups (P< 0.001). The quality of the images in the 5 subgroups of group A didn't show statistical difference. The standard deviation (SD) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) values of the L4-5 psoas major muscles in subgroup 5 of group B was statistical different from the other 4 subgroups (P< 0.01). CONCLUSION: Use of BMI combined with AEC reduces radiation dosage, without compromising the image quality. For patients in group A and group B, parameters of subgroup 5 and subgroup 4 may respectively be applied for lower dose CT scanning.

Aberrant concordance among dynamics of spontaneous brain activity in patients with migraine without aura: A multivariate pattern analysis study.

Background: Alterations in the static and dynamic characteristics of spontaneous brain activity have been extensively studied to investigate functional brain changes in migraine without aura (MwoA). However, alterations in concordance among the dynamics of spontaneous brain activity in MwoA remain largely unknown. This study aimed to determine the possibilities of diagnosis based on the concordance indices. Methods: Resting-state functional MRI scans were performed on 32 patients with MwoA and 33 matched healthy controls (HCs) in the first cohort, as well as 36 patients with MwoA and 32 HCs in the validation cohort. The dynamic indices including fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, regional homogeneity, voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity, degree centrality and global signal connectivity were analyzed. We calculated the concordance of grey matter volume-wise (across voxels) and voxel-wise (across time windows) to quantify the degree of integration among different functional levels represented by these dynamic indices. Subsequently, the voxel-wise concordance alterations were analyzed as features for multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) utilizing the support vector machine. Results: Compared with that of HCs, patients with MwoA had lower whole-grey matter volume-wise concordance, and the mean value of volume-wise concordance was negatively correlated with the frequency of migraine attacks. The MVPA results revealed that the most discriminative brain regions were the right thalamus, right cerebellar Crus II, left insula, left precentral gyrus, right cuneus, and left inferior occipital gyrus. Conclusions: Concordance alterations in the dynamics of spontaneous brain activity in brain regions could be an important feature in the identification of patients with MwoA.

Comparison and optimization of b value combinations for diffusion-weighted imaging in discriminating hepatic fibrosis.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has shown potential in characterizing hepatic fibrosis. However, there are no widely accepted apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for the b value combination. This study aims to determine the optimal high and low b values of DWI to assess hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective study included 81 patients with chronic liver disease and 21 healthy volunteers who underwent DWI, Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), and liver biopsy. The ADC was calculated by twenty combinations of nine b values (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 800, 1000, 1200, and 1500 s/mm2). RESULTS: All ADC values of the healthy volunteers were significantly higher than those of the hepatic fibrosis group (all P < 0.01). With the progression of hepatic fibrosis, ADC values significantly decreased in b value combinations (100 and 1000 s/mm2, 150 and 1200 s/mm2, 200 and 800 s/mm2, and 200 and 1000 s/mm2). ADC values derived from b values of both 200 and 800 s/mm2 and 200 and 1000 s/mm2 were found to be more discriminative for differentiating the stages of hepatic fibrosis. An excellent correlation was between the ADC200-1000 value and MRE shear stiffness (r = - 0.750, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: DWI offers an alternative to MRE as a useful imaging marker for detecting and staging hepatic fibrosis. Clinically, ADC values for b values ranging from 200-800 s/mm2 to 200-1000 s/mm2 are recommended for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis.

Co-circulation of Hantavirus, Pathogenic Leptospira spp., and Bartonella spp. in Rodents in the Wanzhou Section of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, 2021-2023.

Background: Rodent is a reservoir of various zoonotic pathogens. Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges reservoir region (TGRR) is a superior habitat for rodents, and the situation of rodent-borne zoonotic pathogens in this region has not been surveyed in recent years. Materials and Methods: Rodents were night trapped with mousecage or mousetrap in urban and surrounding towns' indoor or outdoor areas of the Wanzhou section of the TGRR, and nucleic acid was extracted from their lung or a mixture of liver, spleen, and kidney. Commercialized qPCR kits for pathogenic Leptospira spp., Rickettsia typhi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella spp., Orientia tsutsugamushi, and Francisella tularensis and qRT-PCR kits for hantavirus (HV), and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) were used for the detection of associated pathogens in collected rodents. Results: From 2021 to 2023, 604 rodents belonging to 10 species were collected. HV and pathogenic L. spp. were detected positive, with infection rates of 0.66% (4/604) and 1.32% (8/604), respectively. B. spp. were detected positive with an infection rate of 4.73% (19/402) in the rodents trapped in 2022 and 2023. Other five pathogens were all detected negative. Conclusion: This study showed that the Wanzhou section of the TGRR had HV, pathogenic L. spp., and B. spp. co-circulation in rodents. Hence, more attention should be paid to the prevention and control of associated rodent-borne diseases.

Modulation of temporal and occipital cortex by acupuncture in non-menstrual MWoA patients: a rest BOLD fMRI study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and degree centrality (DC) values before and after acupuncture in young women with non-menstrual migraine without aura (MWoA) through rest blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI). METHODS: Patients with non-menstrual MWoA (Group 1, n = 50) and healthy controls (Group 2, n = 50) were recruited. fMRI was performed in Group 1 at 2 time points: before acupuncture (time point 1, TP1); and after the end of all acupuncture sessions (time point 2, TP2), and performed in Group 2 as a one-time scan. Patients in Group 1 were assessed with the Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire (MIDAS) and the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) at TP1 and TP2 after fMRI was performed. The ALFF and DC values were compared within Group 1 at two time points and between Group 1 and Group2. The correlation between ALFF and DC values with the statistical differences and the clinical scales scores were analyzed. RESULTS: Brain activities increased in the left fusiform gyrus and right angular gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, and bilateral prefrontal cortex and decreased in left inferior parietal lobule in Group 1, which had different ALFF values compared with Group 2 at TP1. The bilateral fusiform gyrus, bilateral inferior temporal gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus increased and right angular gyrus, right superior marginal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule, right middle occipital gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, right anterior central gyrus, and right supplementary motor area decreased in activity in Group 1 had different DC values compared with Group 2 at TP1. ALFF and DC values of right inferior temporal gyrus, right fusiform gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus were decreased in Group1 at TP1 compared with TP2. ALFF values in the left middle occipital area were positively correlated with the pain degree at TP1 in Group1 (correlation coefficient r, r = 0.827, r = 0.343; P < 0.01, P = 0.015). The DC values of the right inferior temporal area were positively correlated with the pain degree at TP1 in Group 1 (r = 0.371; P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Spontaneous brain activity and network changes in young women with non-menstrual MwoA were altered by acupuncture. The right temporal area may be an important target for acupuncture modulated brain function in young women with non-menstrual MwoA.

A true response of the brain network during electroacupuncture stimulation at scalp acupoints: An fMRI with simultaneous EAS study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore simultaneous brain network responses to electroacupuncture stimulation (EAS) at scalp acupoints by accounting for placebo effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty healthy subjects were recruited and randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 and Group 2. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed in Group 1 with sham acupuncture stimulation at acupoints Shenting (GV24) and Touwei (ST8) without EAS. Group 2 underwent verum EAS at the same acupoints during fMRI. Independent component analysis was used to analyze the fMRI data. Full-factor statistical analysis was used to compare the differences in fMRI data between the two groups and evaluate the changes in functional connectivity in brain networks after verum electrical stimulation (Group 1 [after sham electrical current stimulation - before sham electrical current stimulation] - Group 2 [after verum electrical current stimulation - before verum electrical current stimulation]) (p <.001, extent threshold k = 20 voxels). RESULTS: Six brain networks were identified. Significant increased functional connectivity was observed in the right and left executive control networks, sensorimotor network, and attention network, while decreased functional connectivity was mainly found in the default mode network. There were no statistically significant differences in the salience network. CONCLUSIONS: fMRI with simultaneous EAS provides a method to explore brain network responses due to EAS at scalp acupoints. The networks responsible for cognition are differentially activated by EAS in a coordinated manner.

The use of quantitative T1-mapping to identify cells and collagen fibers in rectal cancer.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the value of T1 mapping in assessing the grade and stage of rectal adenocarcinoma and its correlation with tumor tissue composition. Methods: Informed consent was obtained from all rectal cancer patients after approval by the institutional review board. Twenty-four patients (14 women and 10 men; mean age, 64.46 years; range, 35 - 82 years) were enrolled in this prospective study. MRI examinations were performed using 3.0T MR scanner before surgery. HE, immunohistochemical, and masson trichrome-staining was performed on the surgically resected tumors to assess the degree of differentiation, stage, and invasion. Two radiologists independently analyzed native T1 and postcontrast T1 for each lesion, and calculated the extracellular volume (ECV) was calculated from T1 values. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were applied to analyze the interobserver agreement of native T1 values and postcontrast T1 values. Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test the differences between T1 mapping parameters and differentiation types, T and N stages, and venous and neural invasion. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlation of T1 mapping extraction parameters with caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX-2), Ki-67 index, and collagen expression. Results: Both the native and postcontrast T1 values had an excellent interobserver agreement (ICC 0.945 and 0.942, respectively). Postcontrast T1 values indicated significant differences in venous invasion (t=2.497, p=0.021) and neural invasion (t=2.254, p=0.034). Pearson's correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between native T1 values and Ki-67 (r=-0.407, p=0.049). There was a significant positive correlation between ECV and collagen expression (r=0.811, p=.000) and a significant negative correlation between ECV and CDX-2 (r=-0.465, p=0.022) and Ki-67 (r=-0.549, p=0.005). Conclusion: Postcontrast T1 value can be used to assess venous and neural invasion in rectal cancer. ECV measurements based on T1 mapping can be used to identify cells and collagen fibers in rectal cancer.

Altered effective connectivity from cerebellum to motor cortex in chronic low back pain: A multivariate pattern analysis and spectral dynamic causal modeling study.

To explore the central processing mechanism of pain perception in chronic low back pain (cLBP) using multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) based on the static and dynamic fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) analysis, and spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM). Thirty-two patients with cLBP and 29 matched healthy controls (HCs) for the first cohort and 24 patients with cLBP and 22 HCs for the validation cohort underwent resting-state fMRI scan. The alterations in static and dynamic fALFF were as classification features to distinguish patients with cLBP from HCs. The brain regions gotten from the MVPA results were used for further spDCM analysis. We found that the most discriminative brain regions that contributed to the classification were the right supplementary motor area (SMA.R), left paracentral lobule (PCL.L), and bilateral cerebellar Crus II. The spDCM results displayed decreased excitatory influence from the bilateral cerebellar Crus II to PCL.L in patients with cLBP compared with HCs. Moreover, the conversion of effective connectivity from the bilateral cerebellar Crus II to SMA.R from excitatory influence to inhibitive influence, and the effective connectivity strength exhibited partially mediated effects on Chinese Short Form Oswestry Disability Index Questionnaire (C-SFODI) scores. Our findings suggest that the cerebellum and its weakened or inhibited connections to the motor cortex may be one of the underlying feedback pathways for pain perception in cLBP, and partially mediate the degree of dysfunction.

The anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum by regulating macrophage polarization via the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

The response of macrophages to environmental signals demonstrates its heterogeneity and plasticity. After different forms of polarized activation, macrophages reach the M1 or M2 activation state according to their respective environment. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLPS) is a major bioactive component of Ganoderma lucidum, a well-known medicinal mushroom. Although the immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects of GLPS have been proven, GLPS's effect on inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by regulating macrophage polarization is little known. Our data showed that GLPS notably inhibited the growth of a Hepa1-6 allograft. The expression of M1 marker CD86 was higher in the tumor tissue of the GLPS treatment group than in the control group in vivo. In vitro, the phagocytic activity and NO production of macrophages were increased by GLPS treatment. Moreover, it was discovered that GLPS was able to increase the expression of the M1 phenotype marker CD86, iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines comprising IL-12a, IL-23a, IL-27 and TNF-α, but inhibited macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype by decreasing the expression of CD206, Arg-1, and inflammation-related cytokines comprising IL-6 and IL-10. The data suggest that GLPS may regulate macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, GLPS increased the phosphorylation of MEK and ERK. In addition, the phosphorylation of IκBα and P65 was increased by GLPS treatment. These data showed that GLPS can regulate the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway responsible for M1 polarization. In a nutshell, our research puts forward a new application of GLPS in anti-HCC treatment by regulating macrophage polarization through activating MAPK/NF-κB signaling.

Interactive effect between sleep and exercise on depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents.

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the effects of sleep and exercise, individually and jointly, on depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Methods: Cluster sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional, electronic survey among 11,563 students from five primary and high schools in Sichuan Province in Western China. The questionnaire contained custom-designed items concerning sleep and exercise, while it used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to assess depressive symptoms and the Core Self-Evaluations Scale to assess core self-evaluation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate linear regression. Results: A total of 10,185 valid questionnaires were collected, corresponding to an effective response rate of 88.1%. Among the respondents in the final analysis, 5,555 (54.5%) were boys and 4,630 (45.5%) were girls, and the average age was 15.20 ± 1.72 years (range, 11-18 years). Only less than half of the respondents (4,914, 48.2%) reported insufficient sleep, while the remainder (5,271, 51.8%) had adequate sleep. Nearly one-quarter (2,250, 22.1%) reported insufficient exercise, while the remainder (7,935, 77.9%) reported adequate exercise. More than half of the respondents (5,681, 55.7%) were from vocational high school, 3,368 (33.1%) were from junior high school, 945 (9.3%) were from senior high school, and 191 (1.9%) were from primary school. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among all respondents was 29.5% (95% CI 28.7%-30.4%). When other variables were controlled, the depression score did not vary significantly with gender (B = -0.244, SE = 0.127, P = 0.054), but it decreased by 0.194 points per 1-year increase in age (B = -0.194, SE = 0.037, P < 0.001). Students getting adequate sleep had depression scores 2.614 points lower than those getting insufficient sleep (B = -2.614, SE = 0.577, P < 0.001), while students who engaged in adequate exercise had depression scores 1.779 points lower than those not exercising enough (B = -1.779, SE = 0.461, P < 0.001). The depression score decreased by 0.919 points per 1-point increase in the core self-evaluation score (B = -0.919, SE = 0.008, P < 0.001). In regression controlling for gender, age, and core self-evaluation, sleep and exercise were found to be related significantly to influence depressive symptoms (B = 0.821, SE = 0.315, P = 0.009). Conclusion: Adequate sleep and adequate exercise are individually associated with milder depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Our results further highlight the need for researchers and clinicians to take into account not only the individual but also the joint effects of sleep and exercise on depression in adolescents when conducting research and designing interventions. If sleep or physical exercise has substantially reduced the risk of depressive symptoms, further reductions by improving sleep and exercise become difficult and may even have opposite effects.

Malignant granular cell tumor of the multifidus muscle: Case report and review of the literature.

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are uncommon soft tissue tumors characterized by cytoplasmic granular appearance of the neoplastic cells. Malignant GCTs comprise less than 2% of GCTs and are mostly found in the subcutaneous soft tissues of the lower extremities, especially the thighs. This report presents a case of malignant granular cell tumor in the right multifidus muscle. A 69-year-old woman presented to the surgeon with a 3 month history of light pain in the lumbar area and hip joint, with no particular history. CT and MRI revealed a soft tissue tumor with a maximum diameter of 7.5 cm. There is patchy unenhanced hypointense shadow in the mass. Widely excision was performed for the primary tumor, which was interpreted as an malignant GCTs. GCTs should be considered in the differential diagnosis in a rapidly growing intramuscular tumors. We investigated the CT and MRI findings of malignant granular cell tumor.