[The analysis of potential issues of sociological research of dementia problems].

The article analyzes possibilities in sociological research of dementia and social problems it generates. In conditions of increase of unfavorable tendencies related to dementia, occurs decreasing of social status of patients and their relatives tending them, increasing of their socioeconomic maladjustment, deterioration of social and psychological well-being, stigmatization and even social isolation of individuals affected by the problem (including people working with patients with dementia). The dementia results in changes of social identity of patient and one's relatives, image, quality and standard of living. The caregivers begin to devote less time to themselves and their basic needs. The contradictions in family are becoming more aggravated. The results of surveys demonstrate readiness of many Russians to hypothetically leave in family and provide home caring of diseased relative. The necessity of development of social institutes of curative preventive and social rehabilitative care increases. However, particular difficulties of carrying out sociological surveys of people with dementia that indicates necessity of approbation of special research methodologies. The research methods can vary from mass surveys to depth interview, from analysis of official documents to focus groups. In demand are study of public opinion, expert appraisal, surveys of nearest social environment to identify social risks conditioned by dementia, detection of social groups most affected by its negative impact, analysis of expectations and attitudes of social environment, possibilities of social adaptation and integration in society of those who anyway are affected by the problem, amelioration of their social positioning. of public opinion, expert assessments, surveys of the immediate social environment are in demand in order to highlight the social risks caused by dementia; to identify those social groups that are most susceptible to its negative impact; analysis of expectations and attitudes of the social environment, opportunities for social adaptation and integration into society of all those affected by the problem.

[The COVID-19: pandemic, vaccination, social dispositions of Russians].

The article describes, on the basis of the results of content analysis of posts and comments in social networks, the actual situation with coronavirus infection including its overcoming, security maintaining, possibility of risks and threats occurrence and acceptance/refusal of vaccination as well. The desk research technique was applied to analyze documents and publications of the WHO, live data from national resource www.стопкоронавирус.рф, statistical information, results of sociological surveys of leading sociological companies.It is demonstrated that how the situation concerning coronavirus and vaccination issues in various Russian regions changed, including causes of different dispositions of residents. Three stable social groups were identified, provisionally designated as optimists, moderate and pessimists. The classification is based on differences in assessment of the epidemiological situation.

[The diagnostic of accessible university environment].

The education institutions, ensuring implementation of the rights of the disabled to higher education, adapt their environment to their needs. The universities, to organize such an accessible environment, as a rule, apply formal approach, focusing on regulatory requirements. The certification of accessible environment for the disabled is based on the same approach, when only objective indicators are considered. The opinion of those ones who have to use this environment is not taken into account. As a result, the University environment is formally considered accessible, but in practice it has many barriers that create real difficulties for disabled students. To improve the quality of the available environment, a combination of objective and subjective indicators is necessary. We need to analyze the opinions of people: employees, teachers, and students of an educational institution who use the possibilities of an accessible environment. The article offers method to diagnose availability of the University environment using specific set of indices that allow to give subjective assessment of availability of the University environment. The diagnostic method was tested on the basis of the Russian state social University, which is the flagship of inclusive education. The results of the study permitted to identify the causes of dissatisfaction with the state of accessible environment by employees, teachers and students.

[The physical activity and sport in life of elder generation of Russian cities].

The article is devoted to implementation of state policy of increasing duration of healthy life and active longevity of population through involvement of the elderly into sport and physical activity. The article is based on the results of focus group discussions of respondents aged 60 years and older. The interest and personal involvement of the elderly in sport and physical activity, including corresponding personal motivation and attitude. The particular obstacles to sport activities in specific Russian cities including inconsistencies between municipality administration proposals for exercises and opportunities of participating in area of residence of the elderly. The proposals of the elderly related to to sports [promotion in their residences as component of state policy in increasing duration of active longevity are summarized.

[The social factors increasing healthy life longevity (according sociological surveys materials)].

The article discusses the main social factors that can positively effect on increasing the longevity of healthy life in the elderly. The main principles are based on the results of applied studies carried out by the authors in Moscow, Kursk, Velikiy Novgorod and Simferopol in 2019-2020. The respondents were both the elderly themselves and the specialists providing them social services support. The emphasis is made on the factors of healthy lifestyle of the elderly and first of all on feasible physical activity and productive creative activity. The considerable attention was paid to internal resources of the elderly person (general condition of physical and mental health and ability to maintain it, capacity for self-care and physical activity, positive frame of mind, personal persuasion in the need to properly use the opportunities available to elderly people). The following external factors are distinguish - constructive relationship with closest relatives, development of infrastructure for leisure activities, physical exercises and sport activities, accessibility for the retired of health care institutions. Among the means of maintaining active and healthy longevity of the elderly are marked informing about possibilities of using their potentials, appropriate consultations, provision of technical means of rehabilitation, involvement into constructive activities, giving positive examples and persuasion. The importance of individual approach to each retired is emphasized, taking into account their physical capabilities, health status and chronic diseases. The types of "activities" are marked useful for physical and spiritual health of elderly person, available to them at home that is especially actual in conditions of self-isolation due to prevention of coronavirus infection.

[IMPLICATIONS OF THE FIRST WAVE OF COVID-19 FOR SMALL BUSINESSES: SOCIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT].

Statement of the research problem. In the context of the coronavirus pandemic, small businesses have been exposed to serious risks, since their viability primarily depends on the consumer demand of the population, which in turn has declined sharply in these force majeure circumstances. Small businesses are either waiting for the lifting of restrictive measures, or they are counting on state support, or they are looking for other ways out of the current situation in order to preserve jobs, the level of income of employees, remain on the market and ensure the supply of vital goods and services to the population. Economic and social stability in the region and in the country as a whole largely depends on the ability of small businesses to assume these obligations. Description of the data or materials used. The study was conducted using the method of semi-formal interviews with owners of enterprises with a staff of up to one hundred people (small businesses). The experts surveyed included 17 small business entrepreneurs from seven Russian regions (Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Omsk region (Omsk), Krasnodar territory (Anapa), Volgograd region (Cherepovets), Arkhangelsk region (Arkhangelsk), Kemerovo region (Jurga)) and by population (cities with millions of people, large and medium-sized cities). The surveyed entrepreneurs represented both industrial production and service companies. The interview was conducted using remote means of communication using a specially developed guide. The results of the study showed that the conditions of the pandemic forced small businesses to change the usual format of work, transform traditional business processes, and switch to remote customer service. Despite the current problems, small businesses are looking to the future with a restrained degree of optimism. The crisis outlined the weakest points of their business to the leaders of small firms, allowed them to abandon inefficient business processes. Those enterprises that could not do this are forced to leave the market. In the post-crisis period, small businesses expect the government to change fiscal and regulatory policies aimed at reducing the financial burden on business and reducing control and audit measures. Despite the current problems, small businesses are looking to the future with a restrained degree of optimism. The crisis revealed the weaknesses of the business and showed possible prospects for development.