microRNA-16-5p enhances radiosensitivity through modulating Cyclin D1/E1-pRb-E2F1 pathway in prostate cancer cells.

Prostate cancer (CaP) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide in 2012, and radiation therapy is one of the most common definitive treatment options for localized CaP. However, radioresistance is a major challenge for the current radiotherapy, accumulating evidences suggest microRNAs (miRNAs), as an important regulator in cellular ionizing radiation (IR) responses, are closely correlated with radiosensitivity in many cancers. Here, we identified microRNA-16-5p(miR-16-5p) is significantly upregulated in CaP LNCaP cells following IR and can enhance radiosensitivity through modulating Cyclin D1/E1-pRb-E2F1 pathway. To identify the expression profile of miRNAs in CaP cells exposed to IR, we performed human miRNA probe hybridization chip analysis and miR-16-5p was found to be significantly overexpressed in all treatment groups that irradiated with different doses of X-rays and heavy ions (12 C6+ ). Furthermore, overexpression of miR-16-5p suppressed cell proliferation, reduced cell viability, and induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, resulting in enhanced radiosensitivity in LNCaP cells. Additionally, miR-16-5p specifically targeted the Cyclin D1/E1-3'-UTR in LNCaP cells and affected the expression of Cyclin D1/E1 in both mRNA and protein levels. Taken together, miR-16-5p enhanced radiosensitivity of CaP cells, the mechanism may be through modulating Cyclin D1/Cyclin E1/pRb/E2F1 pathway to cause cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. These findings provided new insight into the correlation between miR-16-5p, cell cycle arrest, and radiosensitivity in CaP, revealed a previously unrecognized function of miR-16-5p-Cyclin D1/E1-pRb-E2F1 regulation in response to IR and may offer an alternative therapy to improve the efficiency of conventional radiotherapy.

[Screening of nucleic acid aptamer of lung cancer cells based on cell exponential enrichment ligand system evolution and its application in tumor diagnosis and treatment].

Nucleic acid aptamer is an oligonucleotide sequence screened by the exponential enrichment ligand system evolution technology (SELEX). Previous studies have shown that nucleic acid aptamer has a good application prospect in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, we reviewed the selection and identification of nucleic acid aptamer of lung cancer cells in recent years, and discussed the effect of aptamer as targeting drugs and targeting vectors on the diagnosis of tumors, which provide a new idea for early diagnosis and treatment of tumor.

Discussion on Health Service System of Mobile Medical Institutions Based on Internet of Things and Cloud Computing.

Because modern human beings pay more and more attention to physical health, and there are many problems in the traditional medical service system, human beings have a higher and higher voice for the new medical model. At present, there are many researches on the application of modern science and technology to put forward solutions to medical development, but they generally pay attention to some details and ignore the construction of the whole medical service system. In order to solve the problems of low efficiency of the traditional medical model, difficult communication between doctors and patients, unreasonable allocation of medical resources, and so on, this article proposes establishing a perfect medical and health service system. First, the correlation functions are used, such as cosine correlation, to calculate the correlation of various medical products, and then the correlation measurement methods of cloud computing and the Internet of Things are used to realize the network connection of smart medical equipment, efficiently store, calculate and analyze health data, and realize online outpatient services, health file management, data analysis, and other functions. Then, the energy consumption formula of the wireless transceiver was used to reduce the resource loss in the operation of the system. Then, we use the questionnaire to understand the current situation of mobile medical and put forward improvement suggestions. This article also scores the performance of the system. The experimental results show that the performance rating of traditional medical institutions is B, while the model rating of mobile medical institutions is a, and the efficiency is optimized by 4.42%.

MicroRNA-29b-3p enhances radiosensitivity through modulating WISP1-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.

Radiotherapy is frequently applied for clinically localized prostate cancer while its efficacy could be significantly hindered by radioresistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators in mediating cellular responses to ionizing radiation (IR), and strongly associate with radiosensitivity in many cancers. In this study, enhancement of radiosensitivity by miR-29b-3p was demonstrated in prostate cancer cell line LNCaP in vitro. Results showed that miR-29b-3p expression was significantly upregulated in response to IR from both X-rays and carbon ion irradiations. Knockdown of miR-29b-3p resulted in radioresistance while overexpression of miR-29b-3p led to increased radiosensitivity (showing reduced cell viability, suppressed cell proliferation and decreased colony formation). In addition, miR-29b-3p was found to directly target Wnt1-inducible-signaling protein 1 (WISP1). Inhibition of WISP1 facilitated the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway through suppressing Bcl-XL expression while activating caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The results indicated that miR-29b-3p was a radiosensitizing miRNAs and could enhance radiosensitivity of LNCaP cells by targeting WISP1. These findings suggested a novel treatment to overcome radioresistance in prostate cancer patients, especially those with higher levels of the WISP1 expression.

Exogenous melatonin modulates carbon ion radiation-induced immune dysfunction in mice.

In spite of carbon ion radiotherapy is a talented modality for malignant tumor patients, the radiation damage of normal tissues adjacent to tumor and the dysfunction of immune system limits therapeutic gain. Protecting immune system against carbon ion radiation-caused damage has the possibility to improve cancer treatment, but it is uncertain whether conventional radioprotective agents play a role in carbon ion radiation. To certify carbon ion caused immune dysfunction and assess the radioprotective effect of melatonin on immune system, animal experiments were performed in radiosensitive BALB/C mice. Here, we observed the bodyweight loss, death and apoptosis, abnormal T-cell distributions in immune system in carbon ion radiated mice. Pretreatment with melatonin could increase the index of thymus and spleen, reduce cell apoptosis in thymus and spleen, and attenuate the carbon ion radiation-caused imbalance of T lymphocytes and disorder of cytokines. These results suggest that melatonin can act as an effective protector against carbon ion radiation-caused immune dysfunction. Furthermore, we also found melatonin restored the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and reduced the level of lipid peroxidation in serum. These data have provided baseline information both for radiation workers and cancer patients to use melatonin as a radioprotector during the carbon ion radiation treatment.

Dicranostiga leptopodu (Maxim.) Fedde extracts attenuated CCl4-induced acute liver damage in mice through increasing anti-oxidative enzyme activity to improve mitochondrial function.

Dicranostiga Leptodu (Maxim.) fedde (DLF), a poppy plant, has been reported have many benefits and medicinal properties, including free radicals scavenging and detoxifying. However, the protective effect of DLF extracts against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced damage in mice liver has not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that DLF extracts attenuated CCl4-induced liver damage in mice through increasing anti-oxidative enzyme activity to improve mitochondrial function. In this study, the mice liver damage evoked by CCl4 was marked by morphology changes, significant rise in lipid peroxidation, as well as alterations of mitochondrial respiratory function. Interestingly, pretreatment with DLF extracts attenuated CCl4-induced morphological damage and increasing of lipid peroxidation in mice liver. Additionally, DLF extracts improved mitochondrial function by preventing the disruption of respiratory chain and suppression of mitochondrial Na+K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activity. Furthermore, administration with DLF extracts elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels and maintained the balance of redox status. This results showed that toxic protection effect of DLF extracts on mice liver is mediated by improving mitochondrial respiratory function and keeping the balance of redox status, which suggesting that DLF extracts could be used as potential toxic protection agent for the liver against hepatotoxic agent.

Suppression of radiation-induced migration of non-small cell lung cancer through inhibition of Nrf2-Notch Axis.

Nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that is associated with tumor growth and resistance to radiation. The canonical Notch signaling pathway is also crucial for maintaining non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Aberrant Nrf2 and Notch signaling has repeatedly been showed to facilitate metastasis of NSCLC. Here, we show that radiation induce Nrf2 and Notch1 expression in NSCLC. Knockdown of Nrf2 enhanced radiosensitivity of NSCLC and reduced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Importantly, we found that knockdown of Nrf2 dramatically decreased radiation-induced NSCLC invasion and significantly increased E-cadherin, but reduced N-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 expression. We found that Notch1 knockdown also upregulated E-cadherin and suppressed N-cadherin expression. Nrf2 contributes to NSCLC cell metastatic properties and this inhibition correlated with reduced Notch1 expression. These results establish that Nrf2 and Notch1 downregulation synergistically inhibit radiation-induced migratory and invasive properties of NSCLC cells.