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Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 1 (EZH1) and Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) are the key components of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2); however, the roles of these proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to determine the respective roles of these proteins in OSCC by investigating the expression levels of EZH1 and EZH2 in OSCC tissues (N = 63) by immunohistochemistry. In addition, we used lentiviruses to construct stable OSCC cell lines that overexpressed EZH1 and EZH2. Then, we investigated these cell lines for cell viability, colony formation capacity, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Binding competition between EZH1 and EZH2 with PRC2 was further evaluated using Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Compared with normal tissues, the expression levels of EZH2 in OSCC tissues was up-regulated, while the expression of EZH1 was down-regulated. EZH2 enhanced cell viability, colony formation capacity, stemness, and EMT, while EZH1 did not. Furthermore, analysis indicated that EZH1 and EZH2 bound competitively to PRC2 and influenced the methylation status of H3K27. In conclusion, our findings verified that EZH1 and EZH2 play opposing roles in OSCC and that EZH1 and EZH2 compete as the key component of PRC2, thus affecting the characteristics of OSCC via the methylation of H3K27.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Neoplasias Bucais , Humanos , Proteína Potenciadora do Homólogo 2 de Zeste/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço , Neoplasias Bucais/genética , Complexo Repressor Polycomb 2/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the levels of 12 kinds of cytokines in seminal plasma and their correlations with routine semen parameters. METHODS: The remaining seminal plasma samples of 134 patients undergoing routine semen examination were collected for detecting cytokines. The parameters for sperm concentration, percentage of progressively motile sperm (PR), and motility were analyzed by a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. According to the results of sperm concentration, PR and motility, 134 patients were divided into the normal routine semen parameters group, oligoasthenospermia group and azoospermia group. The levels of 12 kinds of cytokines in seminal plasma, including interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12P70, IL-17, interferin (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were detected by flow cytometry. Two seminal plasma samples were detected for 10 times, respectively, to calculate the coefficients of variation (CV) of each cytokine. The linear range of each cytokine was measured using the standard, and the correlation coefficient (r) was calculated. RESULTS: The r2 of 12 kinds of cytokines detected by flow cytometry were all greater than 0.99. The reproducibility of 2 seminal plasma samples showed that the CVs of all cytokines were lower than 15 % except for TNF-α in sample 1 (15.15 %). Seminal plasma IL-6 levels were negatively correlated with semen volume (P < 0.01). Seminal plasma IL-5 levels were positively correlated with sperm concentration (P < 0.01). Seminal plasma IL-8 levels were negatively correlated with sperm motility (P < 0.01). Seminal plasma IL-8, IL-17 and IL-12P70 levels were negatively correlated with sperm PR (P < 0.05). In addition to the significant negative correlation between IL-5 and IL-17 (P < 0.05), there was a significant positive correlation between the majority of other cytokines. The levels of seminal plasma IL-17 and IL-12P70 in the oligoasthenospermia group and IL-1ß and IL-12P70 in the azoospermia group were significantly higher than those in the normal routine semen parameters group (P ≤ 0.05), while the levels of IL-10 in the azoospermia group were significantly lower than that in the normal routine semen parameters group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There are certain correlations between seminal plasma cytokines and routine semen parameters and strong correlations between different seminal plasma cytokines, suggesting that the imbalance between seminal plasma cytokines may affect sperm quality. However, it still needs to be further confirmed by large samples and multi-center clinical studies and related basic researches.
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Citocinas , Citometria de Fluxo , Análise do Sêmen , Sêmen , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Humanos , Masculino , Sêmen/metabolismo , Adulto , Citocinas/sangue , Citocinas/metabolismo , Citometria de Fluxo/métodos , Análise do Sêmen/métodos , Interleucina-5/metabolismo , Interleucina-5/sangue , Interleucina-17/sangue , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Interleucina-17/análise , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Interleucina-6/sangue , Interleucina-6/análise , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/sangue , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/análise , Interleucina-12/sangue , Interleucina-12/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise , Interferon gama/sangue , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Interleucina-1beta/análise , Interleucina-10/sangue , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/análise , Azoospermia/metabolismo , Azoospermia/sangue , Interleucina-2/sangue , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Interleucina-2/análise , Interleucina-4/sangue , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Interleucina-4/análise , Oligospermia/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chemoradiotherapy is a critical treatment for patients with locally advanced and unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and it is essential to identify high-risk patients as early as possible owing to the high incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP). Increasing attention is being paid to the effects of endogenous factors for RP. This study aimed to investigate the value of computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics combined with genomics in analyzing the risk of grade ≥ 2 RP in unresectable stage III NSCLC. METHODS: In this retrospective multi-center observational study, 100 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC who were treated with chemoradiotherapy were analyzed. Radiomics features of the entire lung were extracted from pre-radiotherapy CT images. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm was used for optimal feature selection to calculate the Rad-score for predicting grade ≥ 2 RP. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded pretreatment biopsy tissues. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of RP for model development. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the predictive capacity of the model. Statistical comparisons of the area under the curve values between different models were performed using the DeLong test. Calibration and decision curves were used to demonstrate discriminatory and clinical benefit ratios, respectively. RESULTS: The Rad-score was constructed from nine radiomic features to predict grade ≥ 2 RP. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that histology, Rad-score, and XRCC1 (rs25487) allele mutation were independent high-risk factors correlated with RP. The area under the curve of the integrated model combining clinical factors, radiomics, and genomics was significantly higher than that of any single model (0.827 versus 0.594, 0.738, or 0.641). Calibration and decision curve analyses confirmed the satisfactory clinical feasibility and utility of the nomogram. CONCLUSION: Histology, Rad-score, and XRCC1 (rs25487) allele mutation could predict grade ≥ 2 RP in patients with locally advanced unresectable NSCLC after chemoradiotherapy, and the integrated model combining clinical factors, radiomics, and genomics demonstrated the best predictive efficacy.
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Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Pneumonite por Radiação , Humanos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/radioterapia , Pneumonite por Radiação/etiologia , Pneumonite por Radiação/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Tomografia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Proteína 1 Complementadora Cruzada de Reparo de Raio-XRESUMO
Individuals with a history of childhood abuse (CA, including neglect and abuse by caregivers before the age of 18 years) have more severe substance dependence problems than those without a history of childhood abuse. However, whether a history of CA exacerbates craving and the mechanism of this effect remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the role of alexithymia in the effects of CA on craving in a large sample of methamphetamine-dependent individuals based on latent vulnerability theory. A total of 324 methamphetamine-dependent individuals who met DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder were recruited. CA, alexithymia, and craving data were collected from the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, and the Obsessive Compulsive Drug Use Scale, respectively. t tests and ANCOVA were conducted to compare variables between the CA and non-CA groups, while partial correlation and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the potential mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between CA and craving. Abused methamphetamine-dependent individuals reported higher levels of craving and higher levels of alexithymia than those of non-abused methamphetamine-dependent individuals. Alexithymia partially mediated the link between CA and craving, especially the effect of CA on craving frequency was fully mediated by alexithymia. Our findings reveal that a history of childhood abuse has a lasting effect on craving in stimulant-dependent individuals, and alexithymia contributes to some extent to the severity of substance abuse problems in abused methamphetamine-dependent individuals.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Comorbidity of substance use disorders and depression is a common phenomenon. It is well known that opioid addiction is neurobiologically distinct from psychostimulant addiction. However, direct comparisons of comorbid depressive symptoms in patients with methamphetamine (METH) use disorder (MAUD) and heroin use disorders (HUD) have been lacking until now. METHODS: A total of 353 patients with methamphetamine use disorder, 76 patients with HUD, and 203 healthy controls were recruited. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-SF), the Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ) and the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) were used to measure participants' depressive symptoms, drug craving, and childhood abuse or neglect, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 35.41% (125/353) in MAUD and 56.57% (43/76) in MAUD, significantly higher than the 22.66% (46/203) in healthy controls. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the total BDI score between the MAUD and HUD groups (F = 5.02, df = 1, 372, p = .026). Among MAUD, years of education, history of incarceration, month of abstinence and negative reinforcement scores were associated with depressive symptoms (all p < .05). Among HUD, duration of drug use, childhood emotional abuse and sexual abuse were associated with depressive symptoms (all p < .05). CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: The prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms differ between MAUD and HUD, adding to the existing literature. Therefore, treatment and intervention programs should be designed to address these unique correlates in HUD and MAUD patients.
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Metanfetamina , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Heroína , Prevalência , China/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Craving is a core feature of addiction. Rumination and depression play a crucial role in the process of methamphetamine addiction. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between rumination, depression and craving in methamphetamine patients, which has not been explored yet. METHODS: A total of 778 patients with methamphetamine user disorder (MUD) at the Xinhua Drug Rehabilitation Center, located in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China. We used a set of self-administered questionnaires that included socio-demographic, detailed drug use history, rumination, depression and craving information. The Rumination Response Scale (RRS) was used to measure rumination, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to measure depression and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure craving. RESULTS: There was a significant positive correlation between rumination and craving, or depression, and between depression and craving. Furthermore, depression mediated between rumination and craving, with a mediation effect of 160%. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that there is a close interrelationship between rumination, craving and depression in MUD patients, and that depression may play a mediating role between rumination and craving.
This is the first study to investigate the relationship between rumination and craving during withdrawal in methamphetamine dependent patients and the mediating role of depression.Among methamphetamine patients, it was found that reflection was positively correlated with rumination and depression, depression and craving, rumination and craving, and depression plays the mediating role between rumination and craving.These findings suggest that interventions to reduce depression and rumination may also be effective for withdrawal and relapse reduction in methamphetamine patients, providing further rationale for the treatment of methamphetamine patients.
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Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Anfetaminas , Fissura , Depressão , Metanfetamina , Ruminação Cognitiva , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Anfetaminas/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , China , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , População do Leste AsiáticoRESUMO
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common complication of diabetes and is often observed alongside diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) as a comorbidity in diabetic patients. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in various pathophysiological processes. The P2X7 receptor is responsible for triggering inflammatory responses, such as pyroptosis, linked to pain and depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lncRNA MSTRG.81401 on hippocampal pyroptosis induced by the P2X7 receptor in diabetic rats with DNP combined with MDD (DNP + MDD). Our results showed that the expression of lncRNA MSTRG.81401 was significantly elevated in the hippocampus of DNP + MDD rats compared with the control group. Following the administration of shRNA targeting lncRNA MSTRG.81401, a notable elevation in mechanical and thermal pain thresholds was observed in rats with comorbid DNP and MDD. Additionally, significant improvements in depression-like behaviors were evident in the open-field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), and forced swim test (FST). In the DNP + MDD rats, elevated levels in hippocampal P2X7 receptor mRNA and protein were observed, along with increased co-expression of P2X7 and the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Meanwhile, in DNP + MDD rats, the heightened mRNA expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), pyroptosis-related protein Gasdermin D (GSDMD), caspase-1, IL-1ß, IL-18, and TNF-α was detected, in addition to increased serum levels of IL-1ß, IL-18 and TNF-α. After shRNA treatment with lncRNA MSTRG.81401, the above abnormal changes in indicators for pyroptosis and inflammation were improved. Therefore, our study demonstrates that shRNA of lncRNA MSTRG.81401 can alleviate the pain and depression-like behaviors in diabetic rats associated with the comorbidity of DNP and MDD by inhibiting the hippocampal P2X7 receptor-mediated pyroptosis pathway and pro-inflammatory responses. This suggests that the P2X7R/NLRP3/caspase-1 implicated pyroptosis and inflammatory scenario may serve as a potential target for the management of comorbid DNP and MDD in diabetes.
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Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Neuropatias Diabéticas , Neuralgia , RNA Longo não Codificante , Humanos , Animais , Ratos , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Interleucina-18/genética , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X7/genética , Piroptose/genética , Depressão/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/genética , Proteína 3 que Contém Domínio de Pirina da Família NLR , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Neuralgia/genética , Caspases , Hipocampo , RNA Mensageiro , RNA Interferente PequenoRESUMO
Coprinus comatus is an edible and medicinal fungus. In this study, the antioxidant activity of the fermentation product of C. comatus was investigated through optimization of fermentation process. The results indicated that the fermentation product of C. comatus had obvious scavenging ability for 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) free radical. The EC50 of the n-butanol extract from the fermentation product on ABTS·+ was 0.65 ± 0.02 mg/mL. On this basis, the liquid fermentation conditions of C. comatus were optimized through single factor and response surface optimization experiments according to the scavenging ability of ABTS·+ to improve the antioxidant capacity of the fermentation product. The results showed that when the 14% of C. comatus was fermented in a culture medium with a C/N ratio of 48:1 for 6 days, the ABTS·+ scavenging ability was the strongest, and the EC50 of n-butanol extract was 0.57 ± 0.01 mg/mL, which was 12.31% higher than the initial activity. This study laid the foundation for the development of C. comatus.
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Antioxidantes , Benzotiazóis , Coprinus , Fermentação , Ácidos Sulfônicos , Coprinus/metabolismo , Coprinus/química , Antioxidantes/química , Ácidos Sulfônicos/metabolismo , Benzotiazóis/metabolismo , Benzotiazóis/química , Meios de Cultura/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/químicaRESUMO
Coprinus comatus is an edible mushroom and its fermented product possesses antioxidant activity. In this study, to further enhance the antioxidant activity and improve the reusability of the strain, calcium alginate hydrogel was used as the carrier for embedding and immobilizing Coprinus comatus. The effects of CaCl2 concentration, sodium alginate concentration, microsphere diameter, and the amount of magnetic particle on the antioxidant activity of fermented products were investigated. The results showed that the magnetic immobilized microsphere prepared by 2.50% CaCl2, 2.00% sodium alginate and 0.50% Fe3O4 had the best fermentation antioxidant activity (EC50 was 0.43 ± 0.01 mg/mL) when the diameter was 5 mm, which increased by 24.56% compared to the initial activity. Besides, the microsphere showed strong reusability, the antioxidant activity was still better than the free strain after being used five times. This study not only enhanced the antioxidant activity of Coprinus comatus fermented product through immobilization, but also provided an effective method for microbial fermentation.
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Objective: The purpose of this review was to examine the association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and mortality rates in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods: PubMed Central, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for studies reporting the association between NLR and PLR with mortality up to March 17th 2023. Adjusted ratios were sourced from studies and combined to generate pooled outcomes as odds ratio (OR) in a random-effects model. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results: Fifteen studies were included. Meta-analysis showed that NLR was a significant predictor of mortality in patients with PE (OR: 1.42 95% CI: 1.26, 1.61 I2=92%). Results were unchanged on sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis based on study location, method of diagnosis, sample size, overall mortality rates, cut-offs, and follow-up. Pooled analysis failed to demonstrate PLR as a predictor of mortality in patients with PE (OR: 1.00 95% CI: 1.00, 1.01 I2=57%). Results were unchanged on sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis based on study location, diagnosis of PE, overall mortality rates, and cut-off. Conclusion: Current evidence from retrospective studies shows that NLR can independently predict mortality in acute PE. Data on PLR was limited and failed to indicate an independent role in the prognosis of PE patients. Registration No. PROSPERO (CRD42023407573).
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Induction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched mixed chimerism is a promising approach for organ transplantation tolerance; however, human leukocyte antigen-mismatched stable mixed chimerism has not been achieved in the clinic. Tolerogenic dendritic cell (DC) expression of MHC class II (MHC II) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is important for immune tolerance, but whether donor-MHC II or PD-L1 is required for the induction of stable MHC-mismatched mixed chimerism and transplant tolerance is unclear. Here, we show that a clinically applicable radiation-free regimen can establish stable MHC-mismatched mixed chimerism and organ transplant tolerance in murine models. Induction of MHC-mismatched mixed chimerism does not require donor cell expression of MHC II or PD-L1, but donor-type organ transplant tolerance in the mixed chimeras (MC) requires the donor hematopoietic cells and the organ transplants to express PD-L1. The PD-L1 expressed by donor hematopoietic cells and the programmed cell death 1 expressed by host cells augment host-type donor-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell anergy/exhaustion and differentiation into peripheral regulatory T (pTreg) cells in association with the organ transplant tolerance in the MC. Conversely, host-type Treg cells augment the expansion of donor-type tolerogenic CD8+ DCs that express PD-L1. These results indicate that PD-L1 expressed by donor-type tolerogenic DCs and expansion of host-type pTreg cells in MHC-mismatched MCs play critical roles in mediating organ transplant tolerance.
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Transplante de Órgãos , Tolerância ao Transplante , Camundongos , Humanos , Animais , Antígeno B7-H1 , Quimerismo , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade , Antígenos HLA , Tolerância Imunológica , Quimeras de Transplante , Transplante de Medula Óssea/métodosRESUMO
Potassium-ion battery represents a promising alternative of conventional lithium-ion batteries in sustainable and grid-scale energy storage. Among various anode materials, elemental phosphorus (P) has been actively pursued owing to the ideal natural abundance, theoretical capacity, and electrode potential. However, the sluggish redox kinetics of elemental P has hindered fast and deep potassiation process toward the formation of final potassiation product (K3 P), which leads to inferior reversible capacity and rate performance. Here, it is shown that rational design on black/red P heterostructure can significantly improve K-ion adsorption, injection and immigration, thus for the first time unlocking K3 P as the reversible potassiation product for elemental P anodes. Density functional theory calculations reveal the fast adsorption and diffusion kinetics of K-ion at the heterostructure interface, which delivers a highly reversible specific capacity of 923 mAh g-1 at 0.05 A g-1 , excellent rate capability (335 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 ), and cycling performance (83.3% capacity retention at 0.8 A g-1 after 300 cycles). These results can unlock other sluggish and irreversible battery chemistries toward sustainable and high-performing energy storage.
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Brown carbon (BrC) is one of the most mysterious aerosol components responsible for global warming and air pollution. Iron (Fe)-induced catalytic oxidation of ubiquitous phenolic compounds has been considered as a potential pathway for BrC formation in the dark. However, the reaction mechanism and product composition are still poorly understood. Herein, 13 phenolic precursors were employed to react with Fe under environmentally relevant conditions. Using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, a total of 764 unique molecular formulas were identified, and over 85% of them can be found in atmospheric aerosols. In particular, products derived from precursors with catechol-, guaiacol-, and syringol-like-based structures can be distinguished by their optical and molecular characteristics, indicating the structure-dependent formation of BrC from phenolic precursors. Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that under acidic conditions, the contribution of either autoxidation or oxygen-induced free radical oxidation to BrC formation is extremely limited. Ligand-to-Fe charge transfer and subsequent phenoxy radical coupling reactions were the main mechanism for the formation of polymerization products with high molecular diversity, and the efficiency of BrC generation was linearly correlated with the ionization potential of phenolic precursors. The present study uncovered how chemically diverse BrC products were formed by the Fe-phenolic compound reactions at the molecular level and also provide a new paradigm for the study of the atmospheric aerosol formation mechanism.
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Poluentes Atmosféricos , Compostos de Ferro , Carbono , Aerossóis/análise , Compostos de Ferro/análise , Ferro , Guaiacol/análise , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análiseRESUMO
Robinia pseudoacacia flowers have attracted much attention because of numerous bioactivities. In this study, its extract showed the potential scavenging ability for 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radicals. Under the guidance of antioxidant activity, the antioxidant extract was enriched by liquid-liquid extraction. The partition coefficients of the two main components in antioxidant extracts differed greatly, so in this study, elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography with the solvent system of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (2.5:5:2.5:5, v/v) was used to enhance the separation efficiency, and the two main components were successfully obtained. Among them, kaempferol showed strong antioxidant activity, which can be responsible for the activity of the extract. In order to deeply understand the antioxidant mechanism of kaempferol, the thermodynamics, frontier molecular orbital, and kinetics of scavenging free radicals were investigated by density functional theory. The results showed that 4'-OH in kaempferol was the most active group, which can scavenge free radicals by hydrogen atom transfer in non-polar solvents and activate 3-OH to generate double hydrogen atom transfer in the gas phase. But in polar solvents, it was more inclined to clear radicals through single electron transfer and proton transfer. The kinetic result showed that kaempferol needed 9.17 kcal/mol of activation energy to scavenge free radicals.
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Antioxidantes , Robinia , Antioxidantes/análise , Quempferóis , Extratos Vegetais/química , Solventes/química , Distribuição Contracorrente/métodos , Flores/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is very common among methamphetamine (MA) patients, but very few studies have been conducted in China. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical correlates of ASPD among Chinese MA patients. METHODS: We recruited 627 MA patients and collected demographic and MA use data through one-on-one semi-structured interviews. ASPD was measured by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). The Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ) and visual analog scale (VAS) were used to assess drug cravings. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of ASPD among MA patients was 27.59% (173/627). Patients with ASPD had greater age at the first onset, duration of MA use, length of abstinence, VAS, DDQ desire and intention, negative reinforcement, and total DDQ scores than patients without ASPD. Stepwise binary logistic regression analysis revealed that age, age at the first onset, length of abstinence, and DDQ-negative reinforcement were independently associated with ASPD in MA patients. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the prevalence of ASPD is high among Chinese MA patients. Furthermore, some demographic and clinical variables are associated with ASPD in MA patients. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: We focused our study on the clinical profile of ASPD and the reasons for its high prevalence in Chinese methamphetamine patients. We identified several demographic and clinical variables as correlates of the occurrence of ASPD in methamphetamine patients, which provides evidence for ASPD comorbidity in methamphetamine patients.
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Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial , Metanfetamina , Humanos , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Metanfetamina/efeitos adversos , Prevalência , População do Leste AsiáticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Methamphetamine (MA) is one of the most common addictive substances and has become the second most commonly used drug worldwide. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been shown to influence the effectiveness of addiction treatment, and there may be overlapping neurobiological mechanisms between OCD and addiction. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical correlates of OCD among MA patients. METHODS: A total of 457 MA patients were recruited, and clinical and demographic data were collected. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale was utilized for OCD symptoms, and the Obsessive-Compulsive Drug Use Scale was used for MA craving. RESULTS: The prevalence of OCD among MA patients was 7.7%. Compared to those patients without OCD, patients with OCD had a longer length of abstinence and higher OCDUS frequency of craving subscale and total scores. Multiple regression showed that longer length of abstinence and higher MA carving were independently associated with OCD in MA patients. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Chinese Han MA patients have a high prevalence of OCD. Some clinical parameters may be associated with OCD in MA patients. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study to examine the prevalence, sociodemographic and clinical correlates of OCD in MA patients in a Chinese Han population.
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Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Anfetaminas , População do Leste Asiático , Metanfetamina , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo , Humanos , Povo Asiático , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/epidemiologia , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/terapia , Prevalência , Metanfetamina/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Anfetaminas/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and clinical correlates in Chinese methamphetamine patients. METHODS: We analyzed 481 Chinese methamphetamine patients. RESULTS: The prevalence of PTSD among Chinese methamphetamine patients was 7.90% (38/481), which was higher than in western countries. Binary logistic regression showed that age, smoking, abstinence time, age of onset, and DDQ control dimensions were associated with PTSD. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Our results indicated that some demographic and clinical variables were associated with PTSD in Chinese methamphetamine patients, which provided evidence for PTSD comorbidity with methamphetamine.
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Metanfetamina , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Humanos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/complicações , Prevalência , Metanfetamina/efeitos adversos , População do Leste Asiático , ComorbidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The performance evaluation of each computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system may provide a basis for the interpretation of clinical results and further improvement of the CASA system. METHODS: The accuracy of the GSA-810 CASA system was evaluated by detecting latex bead quality control products. The precision of sperm concentration, morphology, and percentages of progressively motile sperm (PR) were evaluated by coefficient of variation (CV). Three samples with sperm concentration of about 100 × 106 /mL were diluted to evaluate the linear range. RESULTS: The detection values of latex beads were within the range of target values. The CVs of sperm concentration and PR were significantly and negatively correlated with sperm concentration (r = -0.561, p = 0.001) and PR value (r = -0.621, p < 0.001), respectively. The R2 values of the linear range of sperm concentration were ≥0.99. There was no significant difference in sperm motility and PR within 1-10 min at 36.5°C ± 0.5°C. The coincidence rates of sperm morphology and sperm head morphology for 36 semen samples analyzed by the GSA-810 system and manual method were 99.40% and 99.67%, respectively. The CVs of the percentage of sperm with abnormal morphology and percentage of sperm with abnormal head morphology were less than 5%. CONCLUSION: The GSA-810 system can accurately analyze normal semen samples, but the repeatability of the results is poor for oligozoospermia and asthenozoospermia samples. The future CASA system for analyzing sperm morphology should focus on recognizing the middle and tail segments of a spermatozoon.
Assuntos
Sêmen , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Masculino , Humanos , Análise do Sêmen/métodos , Contagem de Espermatozoides/métodos , EspermatozoidesRESUMO
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of ß cells, so cure of firmly established T1D requires both reversal of autoimmunity and restoration of ß cells. It is known that ß cell regeneration in nonautoimmune diabetic mice can come from differentiation of progenitors and/or transdifferentiation of α cells. However, the source of ß cell regeneration in autoimmune nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice remains unclear. Here, we show that, after reversal of autoimmunity by induction of haploidentical mixed chimerism, administration of gastrin plus epidermal growth factor augments ß cell regeneration and normalizes blood glucose in the firmly established diabetic NOD mice. Using transgenic NOD mice with inducible lineage-tracing markers for insulin-producing ß cells, Sox9+ ductal progenitors, Nestin+ mesenchymal stem cells, and glucagon-producing α cells, we have found that both reactivation of dysfunctional low-level insulin expression (insulinlo) ß cells and neogenesis contribute to the regeneration, with the latter predominantly coming from transdifferentiation of α cells. These results indicate that, after reversal of autoimmunity, reactivation of ß cells and transdifferentiation of α cells can provide sufficient new functional ß cells to reach euglycemia in firmly established T1D.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/genética , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Células Precursoras de Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Regeneração/genética , Animais , Autoimunidade/genética , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdiferenciação Celular/genética , Quimerismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/imunologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/patologia , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/farmacologia , Feminino , Gastrinas/farmacologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucagon/biossíntese , Células Secretoras de Glucagon/metabolismo , Insulina/genética , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Secretoras de Insulina/patologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD/genética , Células Precursoras de Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Ellagic acid is one of the most representative natural antioxidants, and is rich in pomegranate peel. In this study, a consecutive countercurrent chromatographic (CCC) separation method was established to improve the preparative efficiency of ellagic acid from pomegranate peel. By optimizing the solvent system, sample size and flow rate, 280 mg of ellagic acid was obtained from 5 g of crude sample from pomegranate peel by CCC after six consecutive injections. Moreover, the values of EC50 for ellagic acid in scavenging ABTS·+ and DPPH· were 4.59 ± 0.07 and 10.54 ± 0.07 µg/ml, respectively, indicating a strong antioxidant activity. This study not only established a high-throughput method for the preparation of ellagic acid, but also provided a successful example for the development of and research on other natural antioxidants.