Diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence versus manual detection in marginal bone loss around fixed prosthesis. a systematic review.

Objectives: The aim of the review is to evaluate the existing precision of artificial intelligence (AI) in detecting Marginal Bone Loss (MBL) around prosthetic crowns using 2-Dimentional radiographs. It also summarises the recent advances and future challenges associated to their clinical application. Methodology: A literature survey of electronic databases was conducted in November 2023 to recognize the relevant articles. MeSH terms/keywords were used to search ("panoramic" OR "pantomogram" OR "orthopantomogram" OR "opg" OR "periapical") AND ("artificial intelligence" OR "deep" OR "machine" OR "automated" OR "learning") AND ("periodontal bone loss") AND ("prosthetic crown") in PubMed database, SCOPUS, COCHRANE library, EMBASE, CINAHL and Science Direct. RESULTS: The searches identified 49 relevant articles, of them 5 articles met the inclusion criteria were included. The outcomes measured were sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of AI models versus manual detection in panoramic and intraoral radiographs. Few studies reported no significant difference between AI and manual detection, whereas majority demonstrated the superior ability of AI in detecting MBL. CONCLUSIONS: AI models show promising accuracy in analysing complex datasets and generate accurate predictions in the MBL around fixed prosthesis. However, these models are still in the developmental phase. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the effectiveness and reliability of these models before recommending their use in clinical practice.

Clinical applications and novel approaches in stem cell: an insight to dental pulp regeneration.

Objectives: The aim of the review is to present the currently applied tissue regeneration through stem cells technology in regenerative endodontics. This review also summarises the various preclinical models used for the evaluation of stem cell-based therapies, their limitations, recent advances and challenges related to clinical applications of human stem cells. Methodology: A literature survey from 2010 to August 2022 was carried out in various electronic databases to identify the articles required for review on Pulp Regeneration through Stem Cells Technology. MeSH terms/keywords such as "Pulp regeneration," "Pulp Revascularization," "Pulp revitalization," "Regenerative Endodontics" were used to search in the electronic databases comprised of PubMed database, SCOPUS, COCHRANRE library, EMBASE, CINAHL, ICTRP, Science Direct and a manual search was also done using the cross references and textbooks. RESULTS: The searches revealed 299 articles. After reading the full text articles and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria 15 articles were selected for the review fulfilling the criteria of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Currently in regenerative endodontics, there is a broad consent that the final tissue acquired is more likely to bone-like tissue mixed with connective tissue rather than the pulp-dentin complex. Moreover, re-innervation from sensory axons in regenerated tissue, is still to date, difficult to achieve.

Use of Photosensitizer, Glutaraldehyde, alcohol and Ultrasonics in disinfection of polished and rough surfaces of self-curing polymethyl methacrylate denture base material.

AIM: To assess the effectiveness of chemical, ultrasonic and photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated disinfection against in-vitro biofilms colonized with C. albicans, S. oralis, and S. aureus on surfaces of PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) denture base material. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty plates of PMMA were prepared with two different surface topography (rough and polished) analyzed by profilometry. Provenance culture (ATCC) of C. albicans, S. oralis, and S. aureus were inoculated on specimens and exposed to disinfection. The disinfection included Rosebengal (RB) 5 µM activated by a red LED, 2% glutaraldehyde, 70% Isopropyl alcohol, ultrasonic disinfection, and saline solution as a control. The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed by subsequently calculating viable counts after disinfection. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's Post Hoc test. RESULTS: The unpolished surface demonstrated the highest average surface roughness As 5.32±0.36 (µm) and root mean square roughness Rr 7.22±0.81 (µm) compared to the polished surface. Intergroup comparison demonstrated polished and rough PMMA plate disinfected with rose bengal, glutaraldehyde and alcohol-based disinfection exhibited comparable reduction against C. albicans and S. oralis CFU/mL (log10) (p>0.05). Whereas, this reduction was significantly higher on the rough and polished surface of PMMA when disinfected using ultrasounds for 30 sec (p<0.05). Rose Bengal was the most effective method of disinfection against S. aureus both on polished (0.17±0.13) and rough (0.44±0.22) denture plates (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The ultrasonic disinfection was most effective in reducing viable microbial counts. RB mediated PDT exhibited a more substantial reduction of the colonies of S.aureus.