Microbiological analysis of oral biofilms in patients admitted to intensive care unit: Pilot study.

AIM: To identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in oral biofilms of intubated and non-intubated patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, with 30 biofilm sites sampled. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were identified by conventional biochemical assays. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disk-diffusion. RESULTS: Of 30 sites, 50% contained P. aeruginosa and 3.33% S. aureus. P. aeruginosa was detected in similar amounts in all 3 sample sites, with 5 colonized sites (50%). S. aureus colonized a single supragingival site (3.33%). There was resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents of P. aeruginosa in 7 sites (100%) and S. aureus in 1 (100%). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed an important relationship between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus colonization at supragingival, subgingival and lingual sites and intubation, thus revealing antimicrobial resistant bacteria colonization of medical interest, which may contribute to the therapy choice directed to these microorganisms.

Nitrous oxide provided during intensive physiotherapy for shoulder adhesive capsulitis does not improve function: A randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on treatment for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. Physiotherapy is often used to increase range of motion but individuals may experience pain during mobilisation. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine whether rehabilitation under N2O for shoulder AC improved pain and function more than rehabilitation alone (with placebo gas). METHOD: A randomised, 1:1 parallel arm, double-blind study in 4 university hospital outpatient centres. Adults with adhesive capsulitis for at least 3 months with intact cartilage were included. Participants were randomised in blocks of 4 and stratified by centre to receive 20 sessions of intensive physiotherapy over 10 days; the 10 morning sessions were performed with either nitrous oxide (intervention) or sham gas (placebo). PRIMARY OUTCOME: improvement in shoulder function at day 14 (D14) (Constant-Murley score). RESULTS: Seventy-five participants were included, and data from 69 were analysed: 37 in the placebo group and 32 in the intervention group. Improvements occurred in both groups after the intervention. No significant difference in the Constant-Murley score was found between groups at D14 (median score increase of 12.0, IQR 5.6; 19.5 points in placebo group vs. 13.7, 5.2; 18.2 in the N20 group, p = 0.78). Pain score during sessions reduced in the intervention group from the first to final session (-11.6, p = 0.053) but not for the placebo group (-4.2, p = 0.414). Seven serious adverse events were recorded, 4 in the intervention group and 3 in the placebo group, with 11 minor adverse events only in the intervention group (mostly shortness of breath). CONCLUSION: Nitrous oxide gas associated with intensive physiotherapy for shoulder adhesive capsulitis did not improve function, pain or quality of life more than physiotherapy alone. zHowever, pain experienced during physiotherapy sessions appeared lower. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trial registration number NCT01087229.

Intradiscal glucocorticoids injection in chronic low back pain with active discopathy: A randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND: The benefit of an intradiscal injection of corticosteroids for low back pain with active discopathy is not totally resolved. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to estimate the clinical efficacy of an intradiscal injection of glucocorticoids versus lidocaine in patients with low back pain and active discopathy (Modic 1 changes). METHODS: A prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled study was conducted in 2 tertiary care centers with spine units. We enrolled 50 patients (mean age 50 years; 46% women) with lumbar active discopathy on MRI and failure of medical treatment for more than 6 weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to receive an intradiscal injection of glucocorticoids [50mg prednisolone acetate (GC group), n=24] or lidocaine [40mg (L group), n=26] by senior radiologists. Outcome measures were low back pain in the previous 8 days (10-point visual analog scale), Dallas Pain Questionnaire, Oswestry Disability Index, analgesic treatment and work status at 1, 3 and 6 months as well as pain at 1, 2 and 3 weeks. The primary outcome was change in pain between baseline and 1 month. RESULTS: Data for 39 patients (78%; 17 in the GC group, 22 in the L group) were analyzed for the primary outcome. Pain intensity was significantly reduced at 1 month in the GC versus L group [mean (SD) -2.7 (2.3) and +0.1 (2.0), P<0.001] but not at 3 and 6 months. At 1 and 3 months, the groups significantly differed in daily activities of the Dallas Pain Questionnaire in favour of the GC group. The groups did not differ in consumption of analgesics or professional condition at any time. No serious intervention-related adverse events occurred. Study limitations included patients lost to the study because of injection-related technical issues in the L5/S1 disc and short time of follow-up. CONCLUSION: As compared with intradiscal injection of lidocaine, intradiscal injection of prednisolone acetate for low back pain with active discopathy may reduce pain intensity at 1 month but not at 3 and 6 months.

Complex strabismus: a case report of hypoplasia of the third cranial nerve with an unusual clinical presentation.

Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders are a group of complex strabismus syndromes that present as congenital and non-progressive ophthalmoplegia. The genetic defects are associated with aberrant axonal targeting onto the motoneurons, development of motoneurons, and axonal targeting onto the extraocular muscles. We describe here the surgical management of a 16-year-old boy who presented with complex strabismus secondary to hypoplasia of the third cranial nerve and aberrant innervation of the upper ipsilateral eyelid.

Analgesic gas for rehabilitation of frozen shoulder: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: There is little evidence regarding the best way to treat adhesive capsulitis. Physical therapy can reduce pain and improve function and range of motion. However, we lack clear indications on the regimen, techniques or intensity of physical therapy to achieve better results. Intensive physical therapy seems to be confined to the later stages of adhesive capsulitis (chronic stage) given that rehabilitation-induced pain could worsen the outcomes. Here we describe a protocol for a study comparing the efficacy of a standardized program of intensive mobilization under analgesic gas to a similar program under placebo gas and questioning the impact of pain. METHOD/DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter study - the MEOPA Trial - was designed to include adults with strictly defined clinical adhesive capsulitis for a 14-day intensive physical rehabilitation program under an equimolar mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide or sham gas administration. Efficacy will be assessed by the Constant-Murley score. Data for secondary criteria including pain, disability, quality of life and perceived efficacy by the patient or physiotherapist will be collected over 6 months. DISCUSSION: This randomized controlled trial has been designed to test the effectiveness of intensive physical therapy under a simple and safe analgesic method. This study will also address the effect of pain during rehabilitation in adhesive capsulitis. Furthermore, results from the 6-month multidimensional follow-up of painful mobilization for this condition could be extrapolated to other musculoskeletal conditions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov No. NCT01087229.

Essential knowledge for patients with rheumatoid arthritis or spondyloarthritis: Results of a multicentric survey in France among health professionals and patients.

OBJECTIVE: Information and education are recommended for patients with inflammatory arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA). However, there is no consensus on which knowledge is essential to enhance patients' self-management. The aim of this study was to determine such knowledge. METHODS: Based on published knowledge questionnaires (KQs) collected by a systematic literature review, a list of items was elaborated, classified in domains and sub domains. A Delphi process was performed with rheumatologists, healthcare professionals and patients in 2014-2015, selecting the items considered useful. RESULTS: Three published KQs were analysed: 2 for RA; 1 for SpA and 5 unpublished KQs were collected. In the KQs, 90 knowledge items were mentioned for RA and 67 for SpA. The 1st Delphi round enlarged the list to 322 items for RA and 265 items for SpA. The second round selected 69 and 59 knowledge items for RA and SpA respectively, of which 36 (52%) and 34 (57%) were not present or modified from the published KQs. Key domains included treatment strategies, managing cDMARDs and bDMARDs, managing symptomatic medications. Knowledge on non-pharmacological treatment concerned pain and fatigue, physical activity, adaptative skills to personal and professional environment, patient-HP communication and shared decision-making. CONCLUSION: The present study provides a corpus of knowledge considered essential for patients in the self-management of their arthritis. The selection of many items reflects recent emphasis on professional recommendations and the patients' perspective. Future work should lead to the development of new updated KQs for patients with inflammatory arthritis.