RESUMO
In support of ongoing immunologic studies on immunity to Plasmodium falciparum, demographic, entomologic, parasitologic, and clinical studies were conducted in two Cameroonian villages located 3 km apart. Simbok (population = 907) has pools of water present year round that provide breeding sites for Anopheles gambiae, whereas Etoa (population = 485) has swampy areas that dry up annually in which A. funestus breed. Results showed that individuals in Simbok receive an estimated 1.9 and 1.2 infectious bites per night in the wet and dry season, respectively, whereas individuals in Etoa receive 2.4 and 0.4 infectious bites per night, respectively. Although transmission patterns differ, the rate of acquisition of immunity to malaria appears to be similar in both villages. A prevalence of 50-75% was found in children < 10 years old, variable levels in children 11-15 years old, and 31% in adults. Thus, as reported in other parts of Africa, individuals exposed to continuous transmission of P. falciparum slowly acquired significant, but not complete, immunity.
Assuntos
Anopheles/parasitologia , Malária Falciparum/epidemiologia , Malária Falciparum/imunologia , Plasmodium falciparum/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Animais , Anopheles/classificação , Camarões/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Vetores de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Malária Falciparum/transmissão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Plasmodium falciparum/imunologia , Plasmodium falciparum/parasitologia , Prevalência , Estações do AnoRESUMO
The incidence of superficial infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasing in Yaounde. To determine the prevalence of superficial mycoses in HIV-positive subjects, a study was carried out in different hospital settings in Yaounde over a period of 18 months. Clinical observations were followed by the culture of samples on Sabouraud's glucose agar. Of the 148 HIVab-positive patients examined, 79 (44 males and 35 females) had at least one superficial mycosis (53%). The clinical presentations and the causative organisms did not differ from those found in immunocompetent individuals. The main lesions were oral candidiasis (77%), tinea corporis (21%), tinea versicolor (15%), tinea pedis (13%) and tinea inguium (12%). Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans were the organisms most commonly isolated. These results indicate the benefit of studying superficial mycoses for optimal management of HIV patients.