Synthesis and Evaluation of Marine-Inspired Compounds Result in Hybrids with Antitrypanosomal and Antileishmanial Activities.

Natural products are a very rich source for obtaining new compounds with therapeutic potential. In the search for new antiparasitic and antimicrobial agents, molecular hybrids were designed based on the structures of antimicrobial marine quinazolinones and eugenol, a natural phenolic compound. Following reports of the therapeutic potential of quinazolinones and eugenol derivatives, it was expected that the union of these pharmacophores could generate biologically relevant substances. The designed compounds were obtained by classical synthetic procedures and were characterized by routine spectrometric techniques. Nine intermediates and final products were then evaluated in vitro against Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania infantum. Antifungal and antibacterial activity were also evaluated. Six compounds (9b, 9c, 9d, 10b, 10c, and 14) showed mild activity against T. brucei with IC50 in the range of 11.17-31.68 µM. Additionally, intermediate 9c showed anti-Leishmania activity (IC50 7.54 µM) and was six times less cytotoxic against THP-1 cells. In conclusion, novel derivatives with a simple quinazolinone scaffold showing selectivity against parasites without antibacterial and antifungal activities were disclosed, paving the way for new antitrypanosomal agents.

Atlantic butterflies: a data set of fruit-feeding butterfly communities from the Atlantic forests.

Butterflies are one of the best-known insect groups, and they have been the subject of numerous studies in ecology and evolution, especially in the tropics. Much attention has been given to the fruit-feeding butterfly guild in biodiversity conservation studies, due to the relative ease with which taxa may be identified and specimens sampled using bait traps. However, there remain many uncertainties about the macroecological and biogeographical patterns of butterflies in tropical ecosystems. In the present study, we gathered information about fruit-feeding butterfly species in local communities from the Atlantic Forests of South America. The ATLANTIC BUTTERFLIES data set, which is part of ATLANTIC SERIES data papers, results from a compilation of 145 unpublished inventories and 64 other references, including articles, theses, and book chapters published from 1949 to 2018. In total, the data set contains 7,062 records (presence) of 279 species of fruit-feeding butterflies identified with taxonomic certainty, from 122 study locations. The Satyrini is the tribe with highest number of species (45%) and records (30%), followed by Brassolini, with 13% of species and 12.5% of records. The 10 most common species correspond to 14.2% of all records. This data set represents a major effort to compile inventories of fruit-feeding butterfly communities, filling a knowledge gap about the diversity and distribution of these butterflies in the Atlantic Forest. We hope that the present data set can provide guidelines for future studies and planning of new inventories of fruit-feeding butterflies in this biome. The information presented here also has potential use in studies across a great variety of spatial scales, from local and landscape levels to macroecological research and biogeographical research. We expect that such studies be very important for the better implementation of conservation initiatives, and for understanding the multiple ecological processes that involve fruit-feeding butterflies as biological indicators. No copyright restrictions apply to the use of this data set. Please cite this Data paper when using the current data in publications or teaching events.

New Antifungal Agents with Azole Moieties.

Fungal conditions affect a multitude of people worldwide, leading to increased hospitalization and mortality rates, and the need for novel antifungals is emerging with the rise of resistance and immunocompromised patients. Continuous use of azole drugs, which act by inhibiting the fungal CYP51, involved in the synthesis of ergosterol, essential to the fungal cell membrane, has enhanced the resistance and tolerance of some fungal strains to treatment, thereby limiting the arsenal of available drugs. The goal of this review is to gather literature information on new promising azole developments in clinical trials, with in vitro and in vivo results against fungal strains, and complementary assays, such as toxicity, susceptibility assays, docking studies, among others. Several molecules are reviewed as novel azole structures in clinical trials and with recent/imminent approvals, as well as other innovative molecules with promising antifungal activity. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies are displayed whenever possible. The azole moiety is brought over as a privileged structure, with multiple different compounds emerging with distinct pharmacophores and SAR. Particularly, 1,2,3-triazole natural product conjugates emerged in the last years, presenting promising antifungal activity and a broad spectrum against various fungi.

Contributions of activity ergonomics to the design of an electronic health record to support collaborative mental care of children and youth: Preliminary results.

BACKGROUND: The use of electronic health records (EHR) is related to the improvement of service quality and care coordination. The design of this platform generally focuses on the individual use of the system and does not integrate the specific needs of workers to provide support for collaborative activities. OBJECTIVE: The study investigated how activity ergonomics (AE) contributed to improve the design of an EHR that supports the collaborative mental health care of children and youth. METHODS: This qualitative study, based on the theoretical framework of AE, used individual and group interviews and document analysis as research procedures. The data collection occurred between March and September 2017 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. RESULTS: The study highlighted the following points: the characteristics that marked the different perceptions of workers regarding the use of a communication tool for collaborative care; the problems related to spreadsheet usability; and the desirable attributes that should be considered in the conception of a new EHR. CONCLUSIONS: The research indicated that AE favors improving the design of an EHR by incorporating the work dimension into the project.

Primary care and collaborative care in children and adolescents psychosocial interventions: facilitators and barriers. / Atenção básica e cuidado colaborativo na atenção psicossocial de crianças e adolescentes: facilitadores e barreiras.

Considering the care gap in child and youth psychosocial care, the articulation of the intra-sectoral network is an important strategy to promote less fragmented care flows. The study analyzes facilitators and obstacles to collaborative care between the Family Health Strategy (ESF) and a Child and Youth Psychosocial Care Center (CAPSi) in Rio de Janeiro/RJ. This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which main methodological tools were focus and intervention groups. From the proposed thematic axes, we identified that the perception of child and adolescent mental health problems by ESF workers was named by the behavioral changes located in a context of vulnerability. The main obstacles to implementing actions were lack of knowledge about how to provide care, work process-related issues and network disarticulation. Even if ESF professionals are able to identify mental health problems of children and adolescents, care actions are fragile and network articulation is practically nonexistent. Collaborative care was recognized as a strategy to validate child psychosocial care.

Atenção básica e cuidado colaborativo na atenção psicossocial de crianças e adolescentes: facilitadores e barreiras / Primary care and collaborative care in children and adolescents psychosocial interventions: facilitators and barriers

Resumo Considerando a lacuna assistencial no campo da atenção psicossocial infanto-juvenil, a articulação da rede intrassetorial se configura como uma importante estratégia para promover fluxos assistenciais menos fragmentados. O estudo analisa os facilitadores e as barreiras para o cuidado colaborativo entre a Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) e um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial intanto-juvenil (CAPSi), no Rio de Janeiro/RJ. Trata-se de estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, no qual as principais ferramentas metodológicas foram grupos focais e de intervenção. A partir dos eixos temáticos propostos, identificou-se que a percepção dos problemas de saúde mental infanto-juvenil pelos trabalhadores das ESF foi nomeada pelas alterações de comportamento situadas em contexto de vulnerabilidade. As principais barreiras para implementação das ações foram: desconhecimento sobre o modo de cuidado; problemas relacionados ao processo de trabalho; e desarticulação da rede. Ainda que os profissionais da ESF consigam identificar os problemas de saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes, as ações de cuidado são frágeis e a articulação da rede praticamente inexistente. O cuidado colaborativo foi reconhecido como uma estratégia para qualificação da atenção psicossocial infanto-juvenil.

Abstract Considering the care gap in child and youth psychosocial care, the articulation of the intra-sectoral network is an important strategy to promote less fragmented care flows. The study analyzes facilitators and obstacles to collaborative care between the Family Health Strategy (ESF) and a Child and Youth Psychosocial Care Center (CAPSi) in Rio de Janeiro/RJ. This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which main methodological tools were focus and intervention groups. From the proposed thematic axes, we identified that the perception of child and adolescent mental health problems by ESF workers was named by the behavioral changes located in a context of vulnerability. The main obstacles to implementing actions were lack of knowledge about how to provide care, work process-related issues and network disarticulation. Even if ESF professionals are able to identify mental health problems of children and adolescents, care actions are fragile and network articulation is practically nonexistent. Collaborative care was recognized as a strategy to validate child psychosocial care.

Sobrecarga e participação de familiares no cuidado de usuários de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial / Burden and participation of family in the care of Psychosocial Care Centers users

RESUMO 'Sobrecarga familiar' é o impacto que o cuidado dedicado a um paciente pode provocar no ambiente familiar. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a sobrecarga vivida por familiares cuidadores de usuários atendidos em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial. Para tanto, aplicaram-se a Escala de Sobrecarga dos Familiares de Pacientes Psiquiátricos e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os resultados indicam uma relevante presença de sobrecarga nas famílias analisadas e a importância do envolvimento de familiares no cuidado de pessoas com problemas mentais. Foi possível, também, registrar que ainda é incipiente o trabalho parceiro com as famílias realizado pelos serviços de atenção psicossocial.

ABSTRACT 'Family burden' is the impact that may result in the family environment from the care devoted to a patient. The aim of this paper was to investigate the burden experienced by family caregivers of users assisted in Psychosocial Care Centers. For this purpose, we have applied the Family Burden Interview Scale for Relatives of Psychiatric Patients - BR and a socio-demographic questionnaire. The results indicate a relevant presence of burden in the analyzed families and the importance of the involvement of relatives in the care of people with mental disorders. It was also possible to register that cooperation with families in the work conducted by psychosocial care services is still incipient.

Repercussões do processo de reestruturação dos serviços de saúde mental para crianças e adolescentes na cidade de Campinas, São Paulo (2006-2011) / Analysis of the impact of reorganization of mental health services for children and adolescents in Campinas, São Paulo (2006-2011)

Este estudo descreve e analisa as mudanças realizadas na rede de Saúde Mental para Crianças e Adolescentes da cidade de Campinas, São Paulo, no período de 2006 a 2011, durante o qual foram realizadas diferentes ações para reorientação do cuidado. Com foco nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, o artigo discute questões relacionadas ao acesso e aos fluxos de atendimento, permitindo identificar alguns avanços e desafios resultantes da reestruturação da rede de Saúde Mental para Crianças e Adolescentes do município. Trata-se de estudo exploratório, realizado através de coleta de informações e dados em prontuários e documentos de dois serviços de Saúde Mental para Crianças e Adolescentes de Campinas e um documento da gestão municipal. Constatou-se que a reestruturação propiciou maior articulação com a atenção primária de saúde, avanço na organização de base territorial e diminuição relativa dos encaminhamentos originados do setor justiça/direitos. Novos estudos são necessários para avaliar o impacto das mudanças na ampliação do acesso ao tratamento em Saúde Mental para Crianças e Adolescentes.

This paper aims to describe and analyze the changes made in child and adolescent mental health services inCampinas, São Paulobetween 2006 and 2011. During this time period, different actions were taken to reorganize the health care services provided. Focusing on the Centers for Psychosocial Care, this exploratory research addresses issues related to the access and delivery of health care in order to identify the improvements and challenges resulting from the reorganization of the health services. Data and information were collected from medical records and documents in two child and adolescent mental health services. It was found that the reorganization process provided better liaison with the primary care, led to improvements in the community-based organization, and caused a relative decrease in the referrals from the justice system. Further studies are necessary to assess the impact of these changes made to improve the access to mental health care for children/adolescents.

Fruit-feeding butterflies guide of subtropical Atlantic Forest and Araucaria Moist Forest in State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Guia de borboletas frugívoras das Florestas Ombrófilas Densa e Mista do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

This study presents a compilation of fruit-feeding butterflies species for Rio Grande do Sul Atlantic Forest aiming to be a tool for identification of these lepidopterans from two phytophysiognomies of this biome. Samples were carried out for more than four years with entomological nets and bait traps techniques in areas of Subtropical Atlantic Forest (SAF) and Araucaria Moist Forest (AMF). Seventy-six butterfly species were recorded in this region of Atlantic Forest, 60 species for SAF and 53 for AMF. Fruit-feeding butterflies represent about 50 percent of the total species richness of the Nymphalidae recorded for the region, a value of the same order of those found for similar studies in tropical forests regions. Dasyophthalma rusina is a new record for Rio Grande do Sul.

Este estudo é uma compilação de dados sobre a fauna de borboletas frugívoras na Mata Atlântica no Rio Grande do Sul, e tem como objetivo possibilitar a identificação das espécies ocorrentes em duas formações vegetais deste bioma. Foram realizadas amostragens com as técnicas de rede entomológica e armadilhas de iscas atrativas em áreas de Floresta Ombrófila Densa (FOD) e Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM), ao longo de mais de quatro anos. Foram registradas 76 espécies para a Mata Atlântica, sendo 60 espécies para a FOD e 53 para a FOM. As borboletas frugívoras representaram cerca de 50 por cento da riqueza total de espécies da família Nymphalidae já registradas para a mesma área, valor semelhante foi encontrado para outras regiões de florestas tropicais. Dasyophthalma rusina constitui-se em um novo registro para o Rio Grande do Sul.