RESUMO
Study was conducted on the multiplication of two strains (C243 and D) of parainfluenza virus type 3 in BHK 21 cells. Multiplication curve of the virus was established and immunohistochemical aspects of the process were investigated. Chronological study of successive steps of the formation and development of viral components allowed to see that the virus multiplication rate is low in this cell system. The parainfluenza antigen became detectable by immunofluorescence in the infected cell perinuclear region after a relatively long eclipse period (18 h) and synthetized virus has few RNA and induced no inclusion information in the cytoplasm or the nucleus. However, an important nuclear participation was noted: 72 h after inoculation, nuclear fluorescence was observed, as well as a nuclear DNA rising and frequent aberrant mitoses. Comparison between the two investigated strains led to the observation that the autochthonous D strain induced more frequent aberrant mitoses and more important cell destruction than the C243 one. Differences were also noted as regards the infecting and hemagglutinating titers.
Assuntos
Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Humana/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Respirovirus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Imunofluorescência , Testes de Inibição da Hemadsorção , Testes de Hemaglutinação , Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Humana/genética , Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Humana/patogenicidade , Coloração e Rotulagem , Succinato DesidrogenaseRESUMO
The NIVGRIP inactivated influenza vaccine prepared in the "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology was administered by oral route to 3-6-year-old children of a preschool community in October 1981, 1982 and 1983. There were no cases of acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in the community in the winter seasons of 1981-82, 1982-83 and 1983-84, with the exception of 3 ARTI cases recorded in February 1982 in unvaccinated children. In a similar community where no vaccination had been performed morbidity by ARTI was of 20% in 1982-83 and 12.6% in 1983-84. The efficiency and the advantages of oral influenza vaccination are outlined.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Romênia , Fatores de Tempo , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The trivalent inactivated NIVGRIP influenza vaccine was administered by nasal route to 26 young adults; a matched control group was represented by 19 subjects who received a placebo. Vaccination was followed by a higher proportion of rises in the level of neutralizing secretory antibodies (70-77%) than in that of serum HAI antibodies (19-42%) to the three influenza strains contained in the vaccine. Simultaneous rises in secretory antibody titers to three and two influenza antigens occurred in 50% and 23% of the vaccinees, respectively. The vaccine conferred a protection rate of 75%, as estimated by a 7-month clinical follow-up.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Imunoglobulina A Secretora/análise , Vírus da Influenza A/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza B/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Administração Intranasal , Adulto , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Seguimentos , Humanos , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Testes de Neutralização , Fatores de Tempo , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologiaRESUMO
An outbreak of 111 cases of acute respiratory tract infection was recorded in a community of the town "T" in April-May 1984. The clinical picture was severer than usual; 28% of the cases had to be hospitalized, average absenteeism being as high as 26 days per case. Serological investigations demonstrated the previous circulation of influenza virus B/Singapore/222/79 and the simultaneous circulation during the outbreak of influenza virus A/England/333/80 (H1N1) and of Rickettsia burneti (as also ascertained by isolation in the chick embryo of the former and by visualization by immunofluorescence in exfoliated cells of the latter pathogen). The association of the two etiological agents appears to account for the severe and protracted course of the disease.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Febre Q/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Doença Aguda , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Coxiella/imunologia , Coxiella/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza B/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza B/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Influenza Humana/microbiologia , Nasofaringe/imunologia , Nasofaringe/microbiologia , Febre Q/imunologia , Febre Q/microbiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/imunologia , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , RomêniaRESUMO
The NIVGRIP inactivated influenza vaccine was administered by oral route to 11 children of a semi-closed pre-school community, found to carry viruses in their nasopharynx. Periodic virological investigations demonstrated that after vaccination virus carriage disappeared completely in 7 children; in the remaining 4 cases there was a considerable decrease (from 14 to 6) in the number of virus strains isolated. The virus isolates obtained after vaccination were represented exclusively by enteroviruses (Coxsackie B1 and B3, poliovirus type 1), in contrast with the wider range of viral agents (adeno-, parainfluenza, herpes, Coxsackie, and polioviruses) detected prior to vaccine administration.
Assuntos
Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Influenza Humana/microbiologia , Nasofaringe/microbiologia , Administração Oral , Portador Sadio/prevenção & controle , Pré-Escolar , Enterovirus/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza B/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The finding that active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with an increased mortality after organ transplantation and the introduction of successful antiviral treatment render more urgent the development of rapid and accurate diagnostic methods. Rapid immunodiagnosis of active CMV infection was investigated by means of immunofluorescence staining of leucocytes by monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonals directed against the matrix protein, pp65, and ClonabR monoclonal antibody, which has been claimed to be directed against immediate early antigens, were used. All monoclonal antibodies directed against the matrix protein reacted equally well in staining of polymorphonuclear cells. Monoclonals described by Gerna et al. [1991] and by Pereira et al. [1982] also reacted more clearly with mononuclear cells. One hundred fifty heparinized blood samples were collected monthly from 82 patients within 3 months after transplantation. In addition, 132 EDTA blood samples were tested in connection with suspected CMV infection. The latter approach gave a better agreement between antigen detection and virus isolation. There was a relationship between active CMV infection and the finding of antigen-positive leucocytes (P = 0.002, Fisher's exact test) found within 1 month of one another. When the number of antigen-positive cells was taken into account, a relationship to severe CMV disease was detected (P < 0.001, Fisher's exact test). The antigen test was positive at an early stage during the development of severe CMV disease. This rapid method is useful for following the disease process of CMV and in determining when to initiate antiviral treatment.
Assuntos
Infecções por Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Leucócitos/microbiologia , Transplante de Órgãos/efeitos adversos , Fosfoproteínas/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas da Matriz Viral/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Antígenos de Diferenciação/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/sangue , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/etiologia , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Leucócitos/imunologiaRESUMO
Study was conducted on 20 subjects with non bacterial chronic rhinopharyngitis. Forty-one virus strains, mainly adenoviruses, type 3 parainfluenza virus, influenza and type 1 herpes viruses, as well as enteroviruses were isolated from samples collected at regular intervals. After the NIVGRIP (R) vaccination, the number of subjects with viruses present in the pharynx decreased by 75% (from 20 to 5 positive patients) and that of isolates from 41 to 6 (80% positive samples before vaccination against 10% after immunization).
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza/uso terapêutico , Faringite/terapia , Adenovírus Humanos/isolamento & purificação , Doença Crônica , Enterovirus/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Orthomyxoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Faringite/microbiologia , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Simplexvirus/isolamento & purificação , Vacinas Atenuadas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The thymus polypeptide extract TP1 administered to X-rayed animals shows a protecting effect on the level of serum anti-influenza antibodies in the rats inoculated with A2 influenza vaccine and reduces the haemagglutinating titres in the mice inoculated with the A PR8 influenza virus.
Assuntos
Formação de Anticorpos , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/imunologia , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Efeitos da Radiação , Timo/fisiologia , Animais , Formação de Anticorpos/efeitos da radiação , Testes de Hemaglutinação , Vacinas contra Influenza , Masculino , Ratos , Raios XRESUMO
Virus isolation attempts were made with nasopharyngeal secretions from 400 apparently healthy 0-5-year-old children of a semi-closed community. Repeated virus isolations were achieved in 25 cases subjected to periodic investigations in 1982-83. One-two reisolation(s), 1-5 months apart, of the initially detected viral agents could be obtained in 15 out of the 25 children. The following viruses were reisolated (in decreasing order of frequency): adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, Coxsackie B1 virus, herpes virus type 1, parainfluenza virus type 3. The problems raised by the carriage of respiratory viruses in the nasopharynx of apparently healthy children are discussed.
Assuntos
Nasofaringe/microbiologia , Vírus/isolamento & purificação , Adenovírus Humanos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Embrião de Galinha , Pré-Escolar , Enterovirus Humano B/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lactente , Vírus da Influenza B/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Humana/isolamento & purificação , Poliovirus/isolamento & purificação , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/isolamento & purificação , Romênia , Cultura de VírusRESUMO
Virus isolation attempts were made with 500 nasopharyngeal secretion samples from apparently healthy schoolchildren aged 7-14 years, vaccinated by nasal route with an inactivated influenza vaccine and with 500 samples from unvaccinated schoolchildren of the same age. The number of virus isolates obtained was much smaller in the former than in the latter group (13 as against 50 virus isolates). The role of influenza vaccination in the protection of schoolchildren against respiratory tract infections is discussed.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza/farmacologia , Nasofaringe/microbiologia , Vírus/isolamento & purificação , Administração Intranasal , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Criança , Enterovirus/isolamento & purificação , Herpesviridae/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Attempts performed with 39 samples of nasopharyngeal secretion resulted in the isolation of 21 (54%) hemagglutinating viral agents in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) fragments, while a single strain (2.5%) was isolated in the embryonated egg. The time interval required for virus isolation in CAM fragments ranged from 4 to 20-24 days and was longer then 10 days in the embryonated egg. Maintenance of CAM fragments in roller tubes leads to a more abundant virus multiplication and, implicitly, to a reduction of the time interval necessary for virus isolation.
Assuntos
Orthomyxoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Respiratórias/microbiologia , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Viroses/microbiologia , Alantoide , Animais , Embrião de Galinha , Testes de Hemaglutinação , HumanosRESUMO
A number of 92 viral agents could be isolated from 1,000 nasopharyngeal secretion samples collected from apparently healthy schoolchildren aged 7-14 years. The following viruses were identified, in decreasing order of frequency: 42 influenza A/USSR 90/77 (H1N1), 20 adeno-, 20 parainfluenza, 8 Coxsackie B1 and 2 herpes virus strains.
Assuntos
Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Nasofaringe/microbiologia , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Criança , Enterovirus Humano B/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Herpesviridae/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Nasofaringe/metabolismo , Estudos Prospectivos , RomêniaRESUMO
The studies on respiratory virus diseases performed for 30 years in the "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology approached various aspects of the ecology of inlfuenza and parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses and other respiratory viruses, including numerous experimental, fundamental, clinical and morphopathological investigations. Special attention was paid to specific influenza prophylaxis and to the preparation of an inactivated influenza vaccine applicable by nasal and oral route.
Assuntos
Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias , Viroses , Animais , Humanos , Vacinas contra Influenza , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Pesquisa , Romênia , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Intranasal administration of two doses of the inactivated influenza vaccine prepared in the "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology was followed by rises in the level of neutralizing secretory influenza antibodies in 82% of the cases. The concomitant study of secretory antibody, IgA and total protein levels, as well as of the serum HAI influenza antibodies demonstrated that their evolution was parallel only in 23% of the vaccinees. The percentage of secretory antibody conversion was similar to the rate of protection conferred by the vaccine.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Imunoglobulina A Secretora/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina A/metabolismo , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Administração Intranasal , Formação de Anticorpos , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Humanos , Imunodifusão , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Nasofaringe/análise , Nasofaringe/imunologiaRESUMO
A parainfluenza virus type 3 strain was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of an infant with a clinical diagnosis of meningoencephalitis. Specific HAI antibodies to parainfluenza virus type 3, ranging in titer from 1/80 to 1/160 could be detected in the infant's serum. A 2-fold rise in the level of complement fixing serum antibodies-from 1/16 at the first to 1/32 at the second collection-was recorded.
Assuntos
Meningoencefalite/microbiologia , Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Humana/isolamento & purificação , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Vírus da Parainfluenza 3 Humana/imunologiaRESUMO
Two hemagglutinating and hemadsorbant agents-serologically identified as parainfluenza viruses type 3-were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a 10-month-old infant with meningoencephalitis and from the urethral secretion of a male patient with nonbacterial urethritis. Parainfluenza virus antigens types 1, 2, and 3 were detected by indirect immunofluorescence reactions in cells exfoliated in the vagina of women with genital neoplasia or common gynecopathies.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/etiologia , Neoplasias dos Genitais Femininos/etiologia , Meningoencefalite/etiologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/complicações , Respirovirus/isolamento & purificação , Uretrite/etiologia , Adulto , Antígenos Virais/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , MasculinoRESUMO
Studies conducted for over 20 years allowed the authors to accumulate a rich experience in the production and administration of an inactivated influenza vaccine applicable by nasal and oral route, prepared in the "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology. Applied as a monovalent in a single dose of 1000 IU, the vaccine induced seroconversion of 70% of the vaccines and ensured a 2--4-fold decrease in influenza morbidity. Owing to these qualities the vaccine represents one of the most advantageous preparations used in influenza prophylaxis.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Humanos , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Orthomyxoviridae , Romênia , Vacinação , Vacinas Atenuadas/administração & dosagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The presumed latency of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in leucocytes and the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) raise a question of its clinical value. OBJECTIVES: To develop and standardize a CMV PCR as a diagnostic tool for CMV infection in solid organ and bone marrow transplant patients by comparing it to a likewise standardized isolation, rapid isolation and to clinical symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: The material comprised 822 EDTA peripheral blood samples from 96 solid organ and 119 bone marrow transplant patients. One sample from each of 21 healthy bone marrow donors and 25 blood donors were used as controls. Two million leucocytes were lysed and one-tenth of a volume was used in a nested PCR employing immediate early gene primers. RESULTS: The limit of detection was approximately 10 gene copies of a CMV DNA clone and 1 TCID(50) of extracted DNA from a cell suspension. The specificity was >/=0.99 when tested in CMV seronegative individuals. The positive and negative predictive values were 0.62 and 1.00, respectively. When PCR was compared to virus isolation/rapid culture in individual patients, PCR was positive more frequently in solid organ transplant patients than was CMV isolation/rapid culture, but the difference was not significant in bone marrow transplant patients. In isolation-positive patients, PCR became positive in samples taken 1-2 weeks earlier. In 54 solid organ transplant patients with PCR-positive samples, CMV-associated symptoms were present in 29/31 patients with CMV isolated from blood but in only 5/23 patients without viraemia. In 17 bone marrow transplant patients treated with ganciclovir, PCR became negative during or immediately after treatment in 14/20 (70%) episodes. This was true of 5/12 (42%) solid organ transplant patients. CONCLUSION: Screening of transplant patients with CMV PCR can be standardized at a clinically relevant level so that antiviral therapy can be instituted early.
RESUMO
In an epidemiologic, clinical and viral study of several influenza foci in some urban districts of Romania during January-March 1974, 23 influenza virus B Hong-Kong 8/73 strains were isolated. The dynamics of HAI serum antibodies confirmed the viral diagnosis. The epidemic ran a slow course, affecting especially the 14-25 years age group and had an evident benign clinical aspect.
Assuntos
Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Anticorpos/análise , Humanos , Influenza Humana/diagnóstico , Orthomyxoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Romênia , População UrbanaRESUMO
The virological study of some influenza outbreaks recorded in Romania in the period Jnauary--March 1975 resulted in the isolation of 29 influenza A2 virus strains antigenically close to the strains A2/Port Chalmers 1/73 and A2/England 42/72. The non-homogeneous antigenic structure of the isolates suggests the possible formation of natural hybrids.