RESUMO
The diagnosis of stage IV colorectal cancer was once associated with a uniformly grim prognosis. Over the last 20 years, advances in chemotherapeutics, surgical technique, and surgical adjuncts have dramatically broadened treatment options and improved outcomes. Among current treatment options, surgery remains the key component of any multidisciplinary approach with surgical data demonstrating the longest survivorship. This review will summarize current and developing surgical advances in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Specifically, we will discuss how surgical interventions fit within the greater context of a multi-modality approach, as well as, the specific, recent innovations in the surgical management of hepatic and extrahepatic metastases.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Seleção de Pacientes , Prognóstico , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether readily collected perioperative information might identify older surgical patients at higher risk of complications. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Medical chart review at a single academic institution. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred two individuals aged 65 and older who underwent abdominal surgery between January 2007 and December 2009. MEASUREMENTS: Primary predictor variables were first postoperative Braden Scale score (within 24 hours of surgery) and a Deficit Accumulation Index (DAI) constructed based on 39 available preoperative variables. The primary outcome was presence or absence of complication within 30 days of surgery. RESULTS: Of 102 patients, 64 experienced at least one complication, with wound infection being the most common. In models adjusted for age, race, sex, and open versus laparoscopic surgery, lower Braden Scale scores were predictive of 30-day postoperative complication (odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-1.60), longer length of stay (ß = 1.44 (0.25) days; P ≤ .001), and discharge to an institution rather than home (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.02-1.48). The cut-off value for the Braden score with the highest predictive value for complication was ≤ 18 (OR = 3.63, 95% CI = 1.43-9.19; c statistic 0.744). The DAI and several traditional surgical risk factors were not significantly associated with 30-day postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to identify the perioperative Braden Scale score, a widely used risk-stratifier for pressure ulcers, as an independent predictor of other adverse outcomes in geriatric surgical patients. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and to investigate other uses for this tool, which correlates well to phenotypic models of frailty.