Furcation Involvement in Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review.

Furcation-involved teeth, commonly seen in dental practice, have a higher likelihood of needing extraction as the severity of periodontal furcation involvement increases. Studies consistently show that periodontitis in teeth with multiple roots significantly increases the risk of tooth loss, especially in the area where the furcation is involved. These furcation defects pose a major problem for dentists because of their location, accessibility issues, and the unpredictable healing process. The biggest hurdle in treating furcation defects is their irregular shape, which makes it hard to achieve complete debridement. While various treatments have been explored, non-surgical methods have not shown much success. This article comprehensively provides a review and discussion on the classification, assessment, and treatment options, including surgical and non-surgical management of furcation-involved molar teeth. Properly understanding the severity of the disease and its confounding factors and managing and treating the lesions appropriately have been shown to impart satisfactory survival rates for these teeth. Enhancing the understanding of managing these teeth can also lead to better outcomes for patients.

Role of Resistin in Various Diseases with Special Emphasis on Periodontal and Periapical Inflammation - A Review.

Resistin is a small adipocyte-specific secretory hormone molecule. It has been associated with a number of cellular and metabolic processes. It has also been essentially implicated to have a vital role in the interplay between insulin resistance, obesity, and type II diabetes. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated an association between many pathological illnesses with elevated serum resistin levels. It has also been shown to affect and modulate various molecular processes such as atherosclerosis, cancer cell metabolism, and inflammation. Periodontitis is a widespread inflammatory disease affecting human beings. Periapical periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that manifests as a sequela of untreated dental caries. Therefore, in this article, we summarize the divergent physiological roles played by resistin and its association with the mechanism of various pathologies. Moreover, current scientific studies discussing its association and role in common dental pathologies, periodontitis, and apical periodontitis are reviewed.