Influence of water electrolysis on hydrolysis and methanogenesis stages of anaerobic digestion at room temperature: Kinetic and metabolic analysis.

Batch cultures were performed to study hydrolysis and methanogenesis in the presence of an electric field at room temperature (i.e., 23 °C). Kinetic and metabolic analyses using RuO2/Ti electrodes were carried out in short reaction times to avoid biofilm formation, allowing the evaluation of the effect of O2 and H2 produced on anaerobic digestion during the imposition of three electric fields: 1.21, 1.45, and 1.64 V/cm. Results highlighted that at 1.21 V/cm, the electrolysis produced 0.0753 mg O2/L·min, where facultative microorganisms consumed 21 % oxygen, enhancing the hydrolysis phase by 52 %. Additionally, methane production was noticeably improved with an activity of 0.89 ± 0.02 g COD-CH4/g VSS·d, meaning 39 % higher than the control. The imposition of an electric field showed promising results since the methanogenic activity at room temperature was very close to the activities observed in conventional reactors at 35 °C.

How does a low-magnitude electric field influence anaerobic digestion in wastewater treatment? A review.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a physio-biochemical process widely used for treating industrial or municipal wastewater with concomitant methane production. Several technologies have been tested to improve AD's efficiency, like pretreatments and co-digestion, among others. Recently the imposition of a low-magnitude electric field (LMEF) has been applied at the AD to improve methane yield. Despite the positive results of imputing an electric field, many gaps are not understood yet. Therefore, this review focuses on the biochemical aspects of AD and electric field for a better understanding of the effect of the LMEF on the metabolisms of the AD during wastewater treatment and its application in methane production enhancement.

Portuguese Football Federation consensus statement 2020: nutrition and performance in football.

Nutrition is an undeniable part of promoting health and performance among football (soccer) players. Nevertheless, nutritional strategies adopted in elite football can vary significantly depending on culture, habit and practical constraints and might not always be supported by scientific evidence. Therefore, a group of 28 Portuguese experts on sports nutrition, sports science and sports medicine sought to discuss current practices in the elite football landscape and review the existing evidence on nutritional strategies to be applied when supporting football players. Starting from understanding football's physical and physiological demands, five different moments were identified: preparing to play, match-day, recovery after matches, between matches and during injury or rehabilitation periods. When applicable, specificities of nutritional support to young athletes and female players were also addressed. The result is a set of practical recommendations that gathered consensus among involved experts, highlighting carbohydrates periodisation, hydration and conscious use of dietary supplements.

Comportamiento clínico epidemiológico en los pacientes diagnosticados con pénfigo en el Centro Nacional de Dermatología ôDr. Francisco José Gómez Urcuyoõ en el período Enero 1999-diciembre 2003 / epidemiological clinical behavior in the patients diagnosed with pénfigo in the National Dermatology Center

El Pénfigo es una enfermedad crónica autoinmunitaria de evolución aguda, subaguda o crónica, caracterizada por ampollas intra epidérmicas en piel y mucosas. Es por ello que se realizó un estudio de todos los casos de Pénfigo en sus diferentes tipos en el Centro Nacional de Dermatología ôDr. Francisco José Gómez Urcuyoõ en el período Enero 1999- Diciembre 2003, que permitiera valorar el comportamiento clínico y epidemiológico del mismo. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal donde el universo estuvo compuesto por 79 pacientes que acudieron a la consulta externa al Centro Nacional de Dermatología en el período comprendido de Enero 1999-Diciembre 2003. Los principales hallazgos encontrados fueron: Se afectan personas mayores de 50 años, con manejo ambulatorio la mayoría, buena respuesta clínica con el primer tratamiento. Se les envió biopsia solamente al 50 porciento de los pacientes y esta reportó por orden descendente pénfigo seboneico, pénfigo vulgar como las principales. En cuanto al tratamiento se encontró una variedad de esquemas (más de 60 esquemas), encabezados por la prednisona. Las complicaciones fueron mínimas como gastritis y candidiasis. Las principales recomendaciones están basadas en mejorar el sistema de información del centro desde el expediente clínico y sobre todo establecer normas estandarizadas de tratamiento que permitan un buen manejo clínico para este tipo de pacientes...