Alcohol use as a predictor of child-to-parent violence in adolescents from southern Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship and effect of alcohol use on Child-to-Parent Violence (CPV). METHOD: Cross-sectional, observational study with a quantitative approach, carried out through online data collection using the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in 318 high school adolescents from southern Mexico. RESULTS: Moderate and significant relationships were found between alcohol use and verbal (rs = 0.408, p = 0.001) and economic violence against the mother (rs = 0.445, p = 0.001). A similar situation is presented in physical (rs = 0.473, p = 0.001), verbal (rs = 0.236, p = 0.001) and economic (rs = 0.477, p = 0.001) violence directed to the father. CONCLUSION: The relation among the variables was supported by Multiple Linear Regression models, with alcohol consumption in adolescents being a predictor of violence against mothers and fathers.

Role of weight lost in breast cancer-related lymph.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of data collected in routine clinical practice of the combined impact of both physical activity and decrease in body mass index (BMI) on a minor prevalence of lymphedema in post-breast cancer patients. METHODS: Analysis of data obtained by the specialized rehabilitation unit, from 99 female patients for 18 months, after a specific diet, sports program and complete decongestive therapy (CDT) was indicated. Personal data, affected organ volume, weight, physical activity level and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Questionnaire for Breast Cancer (FACT-B+4) were collected in follow-up visits. RESULTS: Although the average of body-mass index showed no change during the assessment period, about 13% of patients in the second follow-up visit and 30% in the third one had lost weight. Women experiencing weight-loss in the third follow-up visit presented a reduced volume of the affected organ [-50 (-248 to 141) ml vs. 130 (-148 to 355) ml, p<0.05] as compared to weight-gaining patients. No relationship was established between physical activity and lymphedema volume changes. CONCLUSIONS: Apart from the conventional treatment with orthotics and manual lymph drainage, BCRL prevention and treatment needs to focus - right from the start - on weight management or weight-loss in obese patients.

Greenhouse gas emissions from global production and use of nitrogen synthetic fertilisers in agriculture.

The global agri-food system relies on synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilisation to increase crop yields, yet the use of synthetic N fertiliser is unsustainable. In this study we estimate global greenhouse (GHG) emissions due to synthetic N fertiliser manufacture, transportation, and field use in agricultural systems. By developing the largest field-level dataset available on N2O soil emissions we estimate national, regional and global N2O direct emission factors (EFs), while we retrieve from the literature the EFs for indirect N2O soil emissions, and for N fertiliser manufacturing and transportation. We find that the synthetic N fertiliser supply chain was responsible for estimated emissions of 1.13 GtCO2e in 2018, representing 10.6% of agricultural emissions and 2.1% of global GHG emissions. Synthetic N fertiliser production accounted for 38.8% of total synthetic N fertiliser-associated emissions, while field emissions accounted for 58.6% and transportation accounted for the remaining 2.6%. The top four emitters together, China, India, USA and EU28 accounted for 62% of the total. Historical trends reveal the great disparity in total and per capita N use in regional food production. Reducing overall production and use of synthetic N fertilisers offers large mitigation potential and in many cases realisable potential to reduce emissions.

[Sedation-analgesia protocol for the injection of botulinum toxin A in cerebral palsy]. / Protocolo sedoanalgésico para la infiltración de toxina botulínica A en parálisis cerebral.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the sedation-analgesia technique on the pain experienced by the patient. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutive patients with cerebral palsy (CP) who underwent infiltration with botulinum toxin A (BoTNA). The patients were divided into 4 different groups according to the analgesic strategy assigned: Group I, without sedation or topical anaesthetic cream; Group II, inhalation of nitrous oxide; Group III, deep intravenous sedation; and Group IV, light sedation with benzodiazepines. Pain was assessed with different scales depending on patient age. Parents were asked to rate their satisfaction with their child's comfort by using a 5-point Likert-type scale. The primary end-point was the proportion of patients that experienced a pain level equal or lower than 2, according to pain scales, in the different study groups. RESULTS: Of the 124 patients included in the study, 56 (45.2%) experienced a pain level ≤2. In the Group III a significantly greater proportion of patients were classified with a pain level score ≤2, P<.001, as compared with all the study groups, respectively. The BoTNA injection was guided by ultrasonography in 109 (87.9%) patients, and by palpation in 15 (12.1%). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that, in patients with CP treated with BoTNA injections, the sedation-analgesic strategy had a significant impact on the pain experienced by the subject. Selecting an appropriate analgesic strategy is crucial for reducing the stress associated with the administration of BoTNA injections in children with CP.

MOTIVOS INTRÍNSECOS, EXTRÍNSECOS Y EXPECTATIVAS PARA ELECCIÓN DE LA CARRERA, COMO PREDICTORES DE RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO EN ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA / INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATIONS AND EXPECTATIONS FOR CAREER CHOICE, AS PREDICTORS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN NURSING STUDENTS

[{"text": "INTRODUCCIÓN. El decantarse por una carrera universitaria, es una decisión que marca el futuro profesional de los jóvenes; en ella están envueltas motivaciones intrínsecas, extrínsecas y expectativas que pueden predecir el desempeño académico. OBJETIVO. Predecir el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de una facultad de enfermería, a través de los motivos intrínsecos, extrínsecos y expectativas para la elección de la carrera. METODOLOGÍA. Estudio correlacional, longitudinal, analítico. La muestra estuvo constituida por 400 estudiantes de primer semestre. Se aplicó una cédula socio demográfica; Escala de Motivación en Educación (EME); Escala de Expectativas Para la Elección de la Carrera e Interés Hacia los Estudios (EEPECIHE); Escala de Seguimiento Cambios en las Expectativas, Grado de Interés y Satisfacción de los Estudiantes (ESCEGIS). Los datos se analizaron con el software SPSS versión 25 para iOS; el estudio contó con la aprobación del comité de bioética en investigación de la Facultad de Enfermería Culiacán. RESULTADOS. Existen diferencias significativas de las motivaciones, expectativas y rendimiento académico (p <.05) al inicio del semestre y al finalizar el semestre; las motivaciones y expectativas predicen el rendimiento académico, en 74.6%, (R2=0,747, Ajuste R2 = 0,746,

Invasion through quantitative effects: intense shade drives native decline and invasive success.

The effects of invasive nonnative species on community composition are well documented. However, few studies have determined the mechanisms by which invaders drive these changes. The literature indicates that many nonnative plant species alter light availability differently than natives in a given community, suggesting that shading may be such a mechanism. We compared light quantity (photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) and quality (red: far-red ratio, R:Fr) in riparian reaches heavily invaded by a nonnative tree (Acer platanoides) to that in an uninvaded forest and experimentally tested the effects of our measured differences in PAR and R:Fr on the survival, growth, and biomass allocation of seedlings of the dominant native species and Acer platanoides. Light conditions representative of the understory of Acer platanoides-invaded forest decreased survival of the native maple Acer glabrum by 28%; Amelanchier alnifolia by 32%; Betula occidentalis by 55%; Elymus glaucus by 46%; and Sorbus aucuparia by 52%, relative to seedlings growing in PAR similar to that of native understories. In contrast, Acer platanoides and the native shrub Symphoricarpos albus were not affected by reductions in PAR. Acer platanoides seedlings and saplings are uniquely adapted to shade relative to native species. Acer platanoides was the only species tested that decreased allocation to roots relative to shoots in the invaded forest vs. the native forest light conditions. Therefore it was the only species to demonstrate an adaptive response to the particular light environment associated with Acer platanoides invasion as predicted by optimal partitioning theory. The profound change in light quantity associated with Acer platanoides canopies appears to act as an important driver of native suppression and conspecific success in invaded riparian communities. Further research is necessary to determine whether the effect of nonnative plant-driven changes on light quantity and quality is a widespread mechanism negatively affecting resident species and facilitating invasion by nonnatives.

Síndrome climatérico y funcionalidad familiar / Climacteric syndrome and family functionality

Introducción: el climaterio representa el inicio del cese de la menstruación y el final de la vida reproductiva de la mujer, e involucra procesos fisiológicos, endocrinos, psicosexuales, sociales y familiares. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la calidad de vida en la etapa del climaterio y la funcionalidad familiar de las usuarias adscritas a una Unidad de Medicina Familiar (UMF) en Culiacán, Sinaloa. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal y correlacional, que incluyó mujeres de 40 a 59 años que asisten a consulta en una UMF. Se utilizaron una cédula de datos personales, la Menopause Rating Scale (MRS-11) y la escala Adaptación, Participación, Gradiente de recurso personal, Afecto y Recursos familiares (APGAR-5) familiar. Los datos fueron analizados con el paquete estadístico SPSS. El estudio se apegó a lo dispuesto en la Ley General de Salud en materia de investigación. Resultados: el 42.6% presentó molestias moderadas, el 30.1% leves y el 21.3% graves. El 33% tiene familia funcional, el 29% disfunción familiar leve, el 20% moderada y el 18% severa. Se encontró asociación en la calidad de vida por grupo etario, somática, psicológica y urogenital (p = 0.01); el grupo de 50 a 60 años presentó molestias moderadas y graves. Las participantes tienen (OR=1.5, IC 95%, 1.02- 2.44, p=0.04) y (OR=1.5, IC 95%, 1.02 - 2.44, p=0.04) de disfunción familiar con dispareunia y líbido disminuida. Existe correlación negativa y significativa entre la calidad de vida y funcionalidad familiar (rs= -.349, p=0.01). Existe correlación negativa y significativa entre la calidad de vida y la funcionalidad familiar (rs = −0.349; p = 0.01). Conclusiones: las usuarias viven con molestias moderadas, el grupo de 50-59 vive con molestias psicológicas y urogenitales leves a moderadas, y existe correlación negativa y significativa entre la calidad de vida y la funcionalidad familiar.

Introduction: The climacteric represents the beginning of the cessation of menstruation and the end of reproductive life in women, it involves physiological, endocrine, psychosexual, social and family processes. Objective: To determine the relationship between the quality of life in the climacteric stage and the family functionality of the users assigned to a family medicine unit (FMU) in Culiacán, Sinaloa. Methods: Descriptive, observational, crosssectional, and correlational study, included women between 40 and 59 years old who attend a consultation in a FMU. A personal data card, the menopause rating scale (MRS-11) and family APGAR were used. The data were analyzed with the SPSS statistical package. The study adhered to the provisions of the general health law regarding research. Results: 42.6% presented moderate discomfort, 30.1% mild, 21.3% severe. 33% have a functional family, 29% mild family dysfunction, 20% moderate, 18% severe. An association was found in quality of life by age group, somatic, psychological and urogenital (p = 0.01); the group of 50 to 60 years presented moderate and severe discomfort.The participants had (OR = 1.5, 95% CI, 1.02-2.44, p = 0.04) and (OR = 1.5, 95% CI, 1.02 - 2.44, p = 0.04) of family dysfunction with dyspareunia and decreased libido.There is a negative and significant correlation between quality of life and family functionality (rs= −0.349; p = 0.01). Conclusions: The users live with moderate discomfort, the group of 50-59 lives with mild to moderate psychological and urogenital discomfort; there is a negative and significant correlation between quality of life and family functionality

Mutual positive effects between shrubs in an arid ecosystem.

One-way facilitation in plants has been found in many harsh environments and their role as structural forces governing species composition in plant communities is now well established. However, reciprocal positive effects benefiting two interacting species have seldom been reported and, in recent reviews, conceptually considered merely as facilitation when in fact there is room for adaptive strategies and evolutionary responses. We tested the existence of such reciprocal positive effects in an arid environment in SE Spain using spatial pattern analysis, a species removal experiment, and a natural experiment. We found that the spatial association between Maytenus senegalensis and Whitania frutescens, two shrub species of roughly similar size intimately interacting in our community, resulted in mutual benefit for both species. Benefits included improved water relations and nutritional status and protection against browsing, and did occur despite simultaneous competition for resources. Our data suggest two-way facilitation or, rather, a facultative mutualism among higher plant species, a process often overlooked which could be a main driver of plant community dynamics allowing for evolutionary processes.

Nivel de conocimiento y cuidado enfermero del paciente con catéter central en Culiacán, Sinaloa, México / Level of knowledge and nursing care of the patient with central venous catheter in Culiacán, Sinaloa, México

Introducción: los catéteres venosos centrales son dispositivos de acceso directo al torrente sanguíneo, el manejo inadecuado es la principal causa de infección. Siendo el personal de enfermería el responsable de la manipulación de dicho dispositivo, es necesario establecer intervenciones de enfermería que garanticen la seguridad del usuario durante su estancia hospitalaria. Objetivo: determinar nivel de conocimiento y cuidado enfermero del paciente con catéter venoso central, en el Hospital General Regional No. 1 de Culiacán, Sinaloa. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal y correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 158 enfermeros; las variables principales del estudio fueron: nivel de conocimiento y cuidado enfermero, la recolección de datos se realizó a través del cuestionario: Nivel de conocimiento del paciente con catéter venoso central, y una lista de verificación de líneas vasculares centrales. Resultados: predominó el género femenino (62%); el 54.4% fueron enfermeros generales, el 36.1% se ubica en el turno matutino, el 52.5% tiene un nivel de conocimiento regular sobre catéter venoso central (CVC), el 54% proporciona cuidado enfermero regular. Se identificó que existe asociación significativa entre nivel de conocimiento con el cuidado enfermero del CVC (Tb = 2.40, p = 0.01). El 73.4% tiene un nivel de conocimiento regular y proporciona un nivel de cuidado deficiente, el 52% tiene un nivel de conocimientos deficiente y proporciona buen cuidado. Existe una correlación positiva y significativa moderada (rs = 0.65, p = 0.01) entre el conocimiento sobre el manejo del CVC y el cuidado enfermero. El conocimiento explica el cuidado en un 42% (R2= 0.42). Conclusiones: el nivel de conocimiento y cuidado enfermero sobre el CVC es regular, existe asociación positiva y significativa entre el nivel de conocimiento y cuidado enfermero del paciente con CVC.

Introduction: Central venous catheters are direa access devices to the bloodstream, improper handling is the main cause of infection; being the nursing staff responsible for the manipulation of said device, it is necessary to establish nursing interventions that guarantee the safety of the user during their hospital stay Objective: To determine the level of knowledge and nursing care of the patient with a central venous catheter, at the Hospital General Regional No.l in Culiacán, Sinaloa. Methods: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional and correlational study; the sample was made up of 158 nurses; The main variables of the study v/ere level of knowledge and nursing care; Data colleaion was carried out through the questionnaire: level of knowledge of the patient with a central venous catheter, and a checklist of central vascular lines. Results: Female gender predominated 62.0%; 54.4% are general nurses, 36.1% are in the morning shift, 52.5% have a regular level of knowledge about central venous catheter (CVC), 54% provide regular nursing care; There is a significant association between the level of knowledge with CVC nursing care (7b = 2.40, p = 0.01). 73.4% have a regular level of knowledge and provide a poor level of care, 52.0% have a poor level of knowledge and provide good care. There is a modérate positive and significant correlation (rs = 0.65, p = 0.01) between knowledge about CVC management and nursing care; knowledge explains care in 42% (R2 = 0.42). Conclusions: The level of knowledge and nursing care about CVC is regular; There is a positive and significant association between the level of knowledge and nursing care of the patient with CVC.

Sobrepeso, obesidad y autoestima en trabajadores de la salud / Overweight, obesity and selfesteem in health workers

Introducción: el sobrepeso y la obesidad han tenido un alarmante avance en las últimas décadas, por lo que la Organización Mundial de la Salud señala que uno de los principales retos mundiales es el control del desmedido incremento ponderal de las sociedades, dado que se acompaña de enfermedades metabólicas, años de vida perdidos ajustados por discapacidad y fallas psicológicas que la American Psychiatric Association considera un factor que altera el estado físico. Objetivo: identificar la relación que tiene el sobrepeso y la obesidad con la autoestima en los trabajadores de la salud. Metodología: estudio descriptivo y correlacional. El mues- treo fue aleatorio sistematizado. La muestra se constituyó con 220 trabajadores de la salud y personal administrativo. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó una cédula sociodemográfica, datos de sobrepeso, obesidad y la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Los datos se analizaron con el programa SPSS, versión 22. El estudio se apegó a lo dispuesto en la Ley General de Salud en México. Resultados: se registró una prevalencia de obesidad de 43.6% y de sobrepeso de 37.3%.Ambas mostraron diferencias significativas según la categoría laboral (chi cuadrada = 18.02, p = 0.05); se observó una relación entre la autoestima por género (chi cuadrada = 14.8, p = 0.05) y la categoría laboral (chi cuadra- da = 13.2, p = 0.02), y correlación negativa y significativa entre el sobrepeso, la obesidad y la autoestima (rs = ­0.68, p = 0.01). Conclusión: el sobrepeso y la obesidad revelaron una rela-ción con la autoestima en los trabajadores de la salud.

Introduction: Overweight and obesity have presented an alarming advance in recent decades, which is why the World Health Organization points out that one of the main challenges facing countries worldwide is controlling the excessive weight increase that societies present, since this increase is associated with metabolic diseases, years of life adjusted for disability, and psychological failures that the American Psychiatric Association considers as a factor that affects physical status. Objective: To identify the relationship of overweight and obesity with self-esteem in healthcare workers. Methods: Descriptive, correlational study. The sampling was random systematic. The sample consisted of 220 health workers and administrative staff. For the data collection a socio- demographic document, data of overweight and obesity, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used. The data was analyzed with SPSS statistical package, version 22. The study adhered to the provisions of Mexico's General Health Law. Results: Prevalence of obesity was 43.6% and overweight 37.3%. Both showed significant differences according to job category (chi-squared = 18.02, p = 0.05); there was an association between self-esteem by gender (chi-squared = 14.8, p = 0.05), job category (chi-squared = 13.2, p = 0.02), and a significant negative correlation between overweight, obesity, and self-esteem (rs = ­0.68, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Overweight and obesity were related to self-esteem in health workers.

Livestock greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potential in Europe.

The livestock sector contributes considerably to global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). Here, for the year 2007 we examined GHG emissions in the EU27 livestock sector and estimated GHG emissions from production and consumption of livestock products; including imports, exports and wastage. We also reviewed available mitigation options and estimated their potential. The focus of this review is on the beef and dairy sector since these contribute 60% of all livestock production emissions. Particular attention is paid to the role of land use and land use change (LULUC) and carbon sequestration in grasslands. GHG emissions of all livestock products amount to between 630 and 863 Mt CO2 e, or 12-17% of total EU27 GHG emissions in 2007. The highest emissions aside from production, originate from LULUC, followed by emissions from wasted food. The total GHG mitigation potential from the livestock sector in Europe is between 101 and 377 Mt CO2 e equivalent to between 12 and 61% of total EU27 livestock sector emissions in 2007. A reduction in food waste and consumption of livestock products linked with reduced production, are the most effective mitigation options, and if encouraged, would also deliver environmental and human health benefits. Production of beef and dairy on grassland, as opposed to intensive grain fed production, can be associated with a reduction in GHG emissions depending on actual LULUC emissions. This could be promoted on rough grazing land where appropriate.

Shrub spatial aggregation and consequences for reproductive success.

To link spatial patterns and ecological processes, we analysed the distribution of two shrub species (one large and dominant, the other smaller) and estimated the reproductive consequences of their distribution for the smaller species. We tested the significance of the spatial distribution pattern of the two shrubs by second-order bivariate point pattern analysis (Ripley's K function). Performance of Asparagus albus, the smaller shrub, was measured as (1) survival of transplanted seedlings in two contrasting habitats: patches of the dominant shrub (Ziziphus lotus), and open interspaces; and (2) reproductive output of plants naturally occurring in both habitats. The two species were significantly aggregated. Transplanted Asparagus albus seedlings had higher survival rates in patches than in the open. Plants produced more flowers, fruits, and showed a higher mass of seeds when living in aggregates than when isolated. The mechanisms responsible for this facilitative effect seem to be related to soil enrichment in patches. These results suggest that the spatial aggregation of species can be indicative of a positive interaction among them, directly affecting fitness of at least one of the species. Facilitation, by inducing variations in the reproductive performance may play a major role in the demography and dynamics of plant populations.