Malignant Mixed Tumor (Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma) of the Lacrimal Gland.

PURPOSE: To review the clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis of patients with malignant mixed tumor (carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma) of the lacrimal gland. METHODS: Clinical records and radiographic images were reviewed for patients with malignant mixed tumor of the lacrimal gland treated at the center during 2008-2019. RESULTS: The study included 9 patients (6 men, 3 women) aged 17-66 years (median age, 56 years). Six had primary malignant mixed tumor with no history of orbital lesions, and 3 had previously been diagnosed with pleomorphic adenoma. Tumor, Node, Metastasis classification per the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Cancer Staging Manual were T1aN0M0 in 2 patients, T2aN0M0 in 3 patients, T4bN0M0 in 2 patients, and T4cN0M0 in 2 patients. Two patients underwent orbital exenteration, 6 patients underwent eye-sparing surgery, and 1 patient had an unresectable tumor because of cavernous sinus extension. All patients received radiotherapy (intensity-modulated radiotherapy in 3 and proton therapy in 6). All patients received chemotherapy, 8 concurrently with radiotherapy and 1 after radiotherapy. The median follow-up time was 70 months. At last contact, 6 patients were alive without evidence of disease; 2 had died of disease, 1 of distant metastasis, and the other of cavernous sinus invasion. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that de novo malignant mixed tumor of the lacrimal gland is more common than disease that results from transformation after incomplete resection of lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma. Most cases can be treated with eye-sparing surgery and radiation unless skull base extension is present.

Electric-Field-Guided Precision Manipulation of Catalytic Nanomotors for Cargo Delivery and Powering Nanoelectromechanical Devices.

We report a controllable and precision approach in manipulating catalytic nanomotors by strategically applied electric (E-) fields in three dimensions (3-D). With the high controllability, the catalytic nanomotors have demonstrated versatility in capturing, delivering, and releasing of cargos to designated locations as well as in situ integration with nanomechanical devices (NEMS) to chemically power the actuation. With combined AC and DC E-fields, catalytic nanomotors can be accurately aligned by the AC E-fields and effectively change their speeds instantly by the DC E-fields. Within the 3-D orthogonal microelectrode sets, the in-plane transport of catalytic nanomotors can be swiftly turned on and off, and these catalytic nanomotors can also move in the vertical direction. The interplaying nanoforces that govern the propulsion and alignment are investigated. The modeling of catalytic nanomotors proposed in previous works has been confirmed quantitatively here. Finally, the prowess of the precision manipulation of catalytic nanomotors by E-fields is demonstrated in two applications: the capture, transport, and release of cargos to prepatterned microdocks, and the assembly of catalytic nanomotors on NEMS to power the continuous rotation. The concepts and approaches reported in this work could further advance applications of catalytic nanomotors, e.g., for assembling and powering nanomachines, nanorobots, and complex NEMS devices.