Manipulation of optical orbit-induced localized spin angular momentum using the periodic edge dislocation.

Orbit-induced localized spin angular momentum (OILS) has recently garnered significant attention. This paper introduces periodic edge dislocation (PED) into the tight focusing system. The study delves into the tight focusing characteristics of the radially polarized vortex plane beam with PED, demonstrating that PED serves as a straightforward and effective means of manipulating OILS, especially when both the orbital angular momentum and the polarization of the incident beam are fixed. Our findings indicate that the longitudinal OILS reaches its maximum when the difference between the period of PED and the vortex topological charge is equal to 1. Conversely, when the difference is 0, the transverse OILS reaches its maximum, while the longitudinal OILS reaches its minimum. Similar patterns are also observed in linearly polarized vortex beams. This research proposes a simple and practical way to control OILS, contributing to our understanding of optical orbit-spin coupling.

Improving Catalytic Performance via the Synergy of Tensile Lattice Strain and Plasmonic Enhancement in Defective AuPd@Pd Short Nanowires.

The synthesis of bimetallic nanocatalysts with strained crystal lattices has attracted considerable interest. This is because, beyond the electronic structure modifications realized through elemental doping, the strain effect offers an extra mechanism to fine-tune the electronic structures, thereby possibly improving the catalytic performances. We present a method for constructing defective AuPd@Pd short nanowires, achieved through a controlled galvanic replacement reaction between short AuCu nanowires and Pd precursors. Advanced structural analyses using spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM) validated the expanded crystal lattice on the nanowire surface and also demonstrated pronounced plasmonic absorption in the UV-vis region. Leveraging both plasmonic absorption and strain effects, the AuPd@Pd short nanowires displayed a higher apparent rate constant compared to Pd nanoparticles. Integrating molecular dynamic simulations with density functional theory calculations revealed that the tensile strain on AuPd@Pd short nanowires benefited the catalytic activity by elevating the d-band center, thereby intensifying the adsorption of p-nitrophenol. The current research introduces a unique method for synthesizing noble metal nanocrystals with specific dimensions and elucidates the rational development of high-performance plasmonic nanocatalysts through synergistic exploitation of the beneficial strain effect.

Multi-focus autofocusing circular hyperbolic umbilic beams.

We propose and demonstrate a type of multi-focus autofocusing beams, circular hyperbolic umbilic beams (CHUBs), based on the double-active variable caustics in catastrophe theory. The mathematical form is more general compared to circular Airy, Pearcey and swallowtail beams. The CHUBs can generate multi-focus at its optical axis, while the on-axis intensity fluctuates up to two orders of magnitude that of the maximum intensity in the initial plane. Using the concept of topographic prominence, we quantify the autofocusing ability. We construct the criteria for selecting the effective foci, and then explore the influence of related parameters. Our findings suggest that the CHUBs could be a suitable tool for multi-particle manipulation, optical tweezers, optical lattices and related applications.

The Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Patients With T1N0M0 Triple-Negative and HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis Based on the SEER Database.

BACKGROUND: The utilization of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) originated in the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer (BC). Our study is designed to elucidate the effects of NAC on patients with T1N0M0 triple-negative and HER-2 positive BC. METHODS: This study involved the selection of 10,614 patients diagnosed with T1N0M0 triple-negative and HER-2 positive breast cancer (BC) from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database. To ascertain the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on T1a, T1b, and T1c N0M0 BC, we conducted multivariate Cox regression analyses. Similarly, we performed multivariate Cox regression analyses to compare the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy against adjuvant chemotherapy on T1N0M0 BC. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed to delineate survival curves for different molecular subtypes and clinical stages. RESULTS: The data results from the SEER database reveal a significant enhancement of overall survival (OS) in T1c BC patients as a result of NAC. For T1b BC patients, NAC does not present any significant effect. Contrarily, NAC seems to adversely impact the OS of T1a triple-negative BC patients. However, the prognosis comparison between neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for T1N0M0 breast cancer did not show any significant difference, with the exception of T1a triple-negative BC. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with T1cN0M0 triple-negative and HER-2 positive BC may derive OS benefits from NAC. Additionally, NAC could be detrimental to T1a triple-negative BC.

Prognostic Impact of HER2-Low and HER2-Zero in Resectable Breast Cancer with Different Hormone Receptor Status: A Landmark Analysis of Real-World Data from the National Cancer Center of China.

BACKGROUND: The prognostic impact of HER2-low on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with resectable breast cancer (BC) remains controversial, partly resulting from the hormone receptor (HR) status. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic impact of HER2-low in different HR subgroups. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively retrieved medical records of treatment-naive primary HER2-low and HER2-zero BC patients who were diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma and underwent surgery in the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2009 to September 2017 (n = 7371). We compared the clinicopathologic features and performed Cox regression and landmark survival analyses to explore the prognostic impact of HER2-low on survival outcomes during distinct post-surgery intervals-36 months, 60 months, and 120 months. RESULTS: HER2-low BC, compared to HER2-zero BC, exhibited less aggressive clinicopathologic features, such as smaller invasion size, lower grade, increased nerve invasion, higher HR positivity, and a higher proportion of low-Ki67 cases. In the HR-positive subgroup, HER2-low demonstrated improved OS (p = 0.046) and DFS (p = 0.026) within 60 months. Conversely, HER2-low displayed worse DFS (p = 0.046) in the HR-negative subgroup after 36 months from surgery. The findings remained robust in uni- and multi-variable Cox models. CONCLUSIONS: HER2-low BCs manifested less aggressive clinicopathologic features than the HER2-zero cases. The prognostic impact of HER2-low in resectable BCs exhibits variability contingent upon the patients' HR status.