[Recurrent pregnancy losses: Etiological considerations and investigations, the point of view of the obstetrician-gynecologist]. / Pertes de grossesse à répétition : étiologies et bilan, le point de vue du gynécologue-obstétricien.

Pregnancy loss is a general term including distinct well-defined entities: early miscarriage, late miscarriage, and stillbirth. It is important to clarify fetal loss circumstances to guide the diagnostic assessment of this issue. Etiological considerations in the presence of a fetal loss are very important to find the causes where a treatment exists and is efficient. The aim is also to explain to the couple, very affected by the event, the reason of the fetal loss and the potential risk of recurrence in a future pregnancy. In recent years, international guidelines changed and assessment of familial thrombophilia seems to be useless in this context. Feedback of the investigations will be better in a preconception consultation and multidisciplinary management of these couples is important for both therapeutic and psychological cares.

[Modified Pickrell's operation (author's transl)]. / Opération de Pickrell modifiée.

Two important modifications to the conventional technique employed have been applied by the author. The tendon of the right internal rectus is fixed to the anterior bundle of the levator ani, the tendon being placed as deeply as possible under the floor of the levator muscles. In this way, apart from the effect of circular tightening, there is a true "cigar cutter" effect by forward displacement of the posterior surface of the rectum.

[A new perineal approach to rectal tumors : anterior anorectotomy with section of the anal sphincter (author's transl)]. / Une nouvelle voie d'abord périnéale des tumeurs du rectum : l'ano-rectotomie antérieure avec section du sphincter de l'anus.

After the conventional transanal approach and the posterior approach described by Kraske, the author proposes an anterior approach with section of the sphincter at the site of election, this being the anterior median line. This approach gives very good exposure and avoids the complications of the other techniques.

[Abdominal approach to rectal resection with subperitoneal anastomosis by anterior colorectal intubation (author's transl)]. / La résection du rectum par voie abdominale avec anastomose sous-péritonéale par intubation colo-rectale antérieure.

Opposing techniques for direct mechanical or manual subperitoneal colorectal anastomosis, the author employs anterior colorectal intubation and a temporary perineal colon anus. In this way, the anastomosis is doubly protected and maximum protection is obtained against the development of fistulae from anastomotic disunion.

[Sphincterial conservation in surgery of carcinoma of the rectum (author's transl)]. / La conservation sphinctérienne dans la chirurgie du cancer du rectum.

The present study reports the results of several methods used to perform abdominal resection (with anastomosis fastened by means of sutures and clip-gun) abdomino-transanal method designed to preserve sphincter function (Babcok,, Toupet, Duhamel), anterior abdomino-perineal resection and tumorectomy. The indications of these different surgical techniques are discussed and the authors point out the necessity to do not give up the carcinologic needs to the sphincteral preservation.