[Study of mastication in denture wearers among various ages]. / Etude des parametres physiologiques de la mastication chez des sujets ages porteurs de protheses adjointes completes.

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have shown that it was possible for subjects with masticatory deficiency chewing achieve a satisfactory level of fragmentation of food by acting on some physiological parameters as the number of cycles and the time devoted to a sequence of mastication. METHOD: The objective of this work is to study the effects of the wearing of complete prostheses, of ageing on the physiological parameters from the chewing on a population of 110 subjects. RESULTS: The results show an important effect of the dental status. Indeed denture weaers need twice more cycles than controls of the same age to make a ham portion ready to be swallowed. Significant an age effect with regard to the number of cycles was also noted. The rheology of food affects the number of cycles which increases with the hardness of food.

[Relationships between masticatory performance and nutritional state in complete denture wearers]. / Relations entre Performance Masticatrice et Etat Nutritionnel chez des Sujets Porteurs de Prothèses Complètes.

UNLABELLED: For many authors masticatory dysfunctions are related to reduction in dietary intake with malnutrition as a possible consequence. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the relationships between masticatory performance and nutritional state in complete denture wearers. METHOD: Masticatory performance was assessed using a granulometric method in 74 subjects divided into 2 subgroups according to their dental status (normal dentition and complete dental wearers). Nutritional status of study subjects was analyzed with Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). RESULTS: There were a significant association between wearing denture and Nutritional Status as assessed by MNA. Using this scale, a risk of malnutrition was found in 80% of subjects wearing complete denture and in 26% in the normal dentition sub group (p < 0.0001). There were also a positive and significant correlation between, the particle size distribution and masticated test food and nutritional status. CONCLUSION: Complete denture wearers are at greater risk of malnutrition than did subjects with normal dentition.

[Study of the characteristics of the food bolus in elderly subjects with complete dentures]. / Etude des caractristiques du bol alimentaire chez des sujets agés porteurs de prothèses complètes.

Many studies have shown that wearing of complete dentures impairs masticatory function. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of complete denture wearing and ageing on masticatory performance. Masticatory performance was assessed by a granulometric method on 110 subjects divided into 3 groups according to dental state and age. The results show edentulous subjects have a masticatory performance worse than their congeneric of the same age. Indeed, the median of the distribution of the size of the particles is more important at the carriers of prostheses than at the toothed old subjects (P < 0.0001). On the other hand the extent of the distribution does not vary significantly between these 2 groups of subjects. The parameters of the masticatory performance do not vary in a statistically significant way between the old subjects and the young controls. There is thus no significant effect of the age on the parameters of the performance masticatory.

[Complete removable dentures and the elderly at I.O.S., Dakar]. / Prothèse adjointe complète et troisième âge à l'I.O.S. de Dakar.

INTRODUCTION: At I.O.S. Dakar, we have taken an essential interest in elderly persons with functional disorders, aesthetic and psychological. We have fixed the following objectives: to evaluate the importance of the elderly person in our surgery to define the major characteristics of this category of patient to single out the specific aspects of the restorative denture to make our teaching programmes more relevant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two complementary axes: a retrospective statistical descriptive study carried out on the records of patients at P.A.C. of I.O.S. during the previous three academic years of patients at P.A.C. of I.O.S. during the previous three academic years 1986-87, 88-89, 89-90. an analysis of the records based on the following variables: age, sex, place of living, occupation, type of complete attached dentures additionally, certain particular aspects of these patients have been studied. SELECTION CRITERIA: We have studied patients over 55 years of age who have either a single or bimaxillary replacement. VARIABLES STUDIED: two types of denture: unimaxillary CAD and bimaxillary CAD our patients were classed as: urban--living in Dakar and Gorée rural--coming from surrounding villages suburban--those coming from Pikine, Parcelles Assainies, Rufisque. for occupation: first sector--agriculture, fishing second sector--industrial or conversion workers third sector--service workers or tradesmen, housewives, pensioners, others. RESULTS AND COMMENTARY: the sex ratio is closely akin to that of the general population the majority of patients live in Dakar these are mainly housewives, retired people who could regularly attend our consultations and stay the course of our treatment, prosthetic restorations are complete attached bimaxillary dentures (79.14%). Clinical specifications: On a local clinical level, the total toothlessness of the elderly presents as: a muscular hypotomy, a loss of the vertical dimension of occlusion, a marked increase in nasal and oral fissures, a stiffening of the articular structures, a great reduction of osteo-mucus in the residual edges, a spreading of the tongue which invades the oral cavity, a loss of occlusive memory, Bearing on therapy and teaching: good clinical observation, constant reference to the medical services, appropriate surgery prior to denture fitting. CONCLUSION: This study shows us that at I.O.S. Dakar, persons over 55 coming to consult us are most often city dwellars and often housewives or retired people. The major purpose of these visits is functional. The minute failure rate encountered over these three years has led us to believe that prosthesis enjoys high esteem thanks to the raised criteria of competence, of knowledge and of the patience of the whole team.

[Clinical evaluation of the occlusion of young Senegalese]. / Evaluation clinique de l'occlusion de jeunes Sénégalais.

The dental occlusion is a basic phase of mastication moreover it is an everlasting concern for the dentist during therapeutic and prevention of dento-maxillo-facial disorders. Senegal is a country of recent dental practice and dental problems are frequent in it. We led this clinical assessment of occlusion on a sample of 30 young Senegalese people aged 18 to 35 years and we tried to evaluate the consequential effects on teeth and periodontal tissues with intent to use this study as pattern of prevalence evaluation of occlusion disorders. Taken at random in the consultation at the Institute of Odontology and Stomatology, these people have been selected by excluding any obvious cause of occlusal disorders. 76.67% of our sample are students and the average patient of the study is à 24 years man, wolof, student dwelling in Dakar. He has an avoid face, is in normocclusion or prognathia and presents a tooth affection which can be related to malocclusion and defective hygiene. 67% of examined teeth are in contact during maximal occlusion and 33% are in entire lack of posterior contact during protrusion meanwhile 73 to 80% present group function. In 70% of studied cases, the superficial periodontium is affected and 30% representing the deep periodontium, are quite safe. This word is a first attempt of prevalence evaluation. It has to be led in multicentric study and at a larger scale in order to have more exact sight of young Senegalese occlusal disorders.