RESUMO
Turbidimetric determination of the cholestasis characterizing lipoprotein-X is based on the separation from the serum investigated of interfering lipoproteins by precipitation with the appropriate concentration of heparin and zinc acetate followed by centrifugation. In the supernatant the abnormal lipoprotein-X, which is not precipitated under these conditions, was determined by measuring the turbidity after addition of calcium chloride and heparin.
Assuntos
Lipoproteína-X/sangue , Cálcio , Heparina , Humanos , Hepatopatias/diagnóstico , Nefelometria e Turbidimetria/métodos , ZincoRESUMO
Two procedures for quantitative determination of the cholestasis-characterizing lipoprotein-X are described. Both procedures are based on ether-extract-ability of phospholipids which are relatively loosely bound in lipoprotein-X. The presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide at adequate concentration allowed complete ether extraction of phospholipids from lipoprotein-X even at low concentration, without affecting the phospholipids of normal lipoproteins. In one modification phospholipids were extracted into ether ion-paired with a bilirubin conjugate (e.g. Woodward's K conjugate) the concentration of which was then estimated in the ether extract. In the second modification phospholipids were directly determined in the ether extract. Calibration was done either with a lipoprotein-X concentrate or with a clear sonicated lecithin sol added to normal serum. The results obtained by both methods are in a good agreement with the results by agar gel electrophoresis.
Assuntos
Lipoproteínas/sangue , Adulto , Bilirrubina/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Luz , Masculino , Métodos , Fosfolipídeos/sangue , EspectrofotometriaRESUMO
In the population of peripheral blood lymphocytes from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) was lower than in healthy individuals. However, when erythrocyte-rosette forming cells (E-RFC) and non erythrocyte-rosette forming cells (non E-RFC) were separated by E-RFC method it was found that in SLE patients the activity of GGTP was increased in E-RFC and decreased in the population of non E-RFC. The altered activity of GGTP may be due to impaired surface membranes and changes in activation of these cells in SLE patients.
Assuntos
Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/enzimologia , Linfócitos/enzimologia , gama-Glutamiltransferase/sangue , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Formação de RosetaRESUMO
During a period of 4 years urine samples from 54 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were repeatedly analysed for the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and alanine aminopeptidase (AAP). Increased urinary enzyme levels were consistently found in 8 patients with severe lupus nephritis and the nephrotic syndrome, as well as in 9 patients with chronic lupus nephritis resistant to therapy. A further group of 9 patients with lupus nephritis responded favourably to immunosuppressive therapy with arrest of kidney-damaging processes; a concomitant normalization of urinary enzyme levels was observed, giving an accurate reflection of the progression of the disease. Another 14 SLE patients showed raised enzyme levels preceding the development of clinical signs of nephropathy. The last 14 SLE patients displayed neither nephropathy nor altered enzyme activities. The determination of urinary enzyme activities is, therefore, considered to be a useful supplement to the routine biochemical analyses performed on the urine in cases of SLE.