RESUMO
Disorganized/Disoriented (D) attachment has seen widespread interest from policy makers, practitioners, and clinicians in recent years. However, some of this interest seems to have been based on some false assumptions that (1) attachment measures can be used as definitive assessments of the individual in forensic/child protection settings and that disorganized attachment (2) reliably indicates child maltreatment, (3) is a strong predictor of pathology, and (4) represents a fixed or static "trait" of the child, impervious to development or help. This paper summarizes the evidence showing that these four assumptions are false and misleading. The paper reviews what is known about disorganized infant attachment and clarifies the implications of the classification for clinical and welfare practice with children. In particular, the difference between disorganized attachment and attachment disorder is examined, and a strong case is made for the value of attachment theory for supportive work with families and for the development and evaluation of evidence-based caregiving interventions.
Assuntos
Apego ao Objeto , Pessoal Administrativo , Comportamento , Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Cuidado da Criança/psicologia , Proteção da Criança/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Transtorno Reativo de Vinculação na Infância/psicologiaRESUMO
Impulsivity is a common factor in many mental disorders, including ADHD, drug addiction, aggressive and self-harm behaviors and childhood obesity. Impulsivity is also a risk factor for treatment dropout. This article aims to present the biological, sociological, and developmental roots of impulsivity and, also, common treatments for extreme impulsivity. We include recent work in the areas of neurodevelopment and emotional regulation.
Impulsividade é um fator presente em várias desordens psicológicas, incluindo ADHD, drogadição, comportamentos agressivos e automutiladores, e obesidade infantil. Impulsividade também é um fator de risco para o abandono de tratamento. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as raízes da impulsividade do ponto de vista biológico, sociológico e do desenvolvimento humano, bem como as formas de tratamento mais comuns para pessoas com extrema impulsividade. Aqui também se inclui pesquisas das áreas de desenvolvimento neuronal e regulação emocional.
La impulsividad es un factor común en muchas enfermedades de origen mental. Estas enfermedades incluyen ADHD, el vicio de las drogas, la agresividad, conducta autodestructiva y la obesidad en niños. También influye en el abandono de tratamiento. Este artículo enfoca sobre las raíces biológicas y sociológicas de la impulsividad y los tratamientos más comunes para la impulsividad extrema. También va incluido las indagaciones más recientes en los campos del desarrollo neural y la regulación emocional.