[Possibilities of digital fluorography and other X-ray methods in the detection of carotid atherosclerosis]. / Vozmozhnosti tsifrovoi fliuorografii i drugikh luchevykh metodov v vyiavlenii ateroskleroza sonnykh arterii.

AIM: To evaluate possibilities of routine X-ray methods for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis of carotid arteries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: At the initial stage of the study, 468 X-ray radiograms of the cervical spine with the detailed description of soft tissues and projections of the neck vessels were studied. The next stage included evaluation of 'screening' abilities of digital fluorography of lungs (886 X-ray radiograms were analyzed). The last stage is a current pilot project aimed to introduce opportunistic screening of atherosclerosis of carotid arteries using X-ray and ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland taking into account disease history collected with help of a special questionnaire and clinical examination. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The study shows a high specificity of the shadows in the projections of the neck vessels as a sign of atherocalcinosis. During mass examinations these X-ray findings are useful to identify patients who need duplex scanning and other high-tech methods.

[Prevention of venous thrombosis of the lower extremities and pulmonary embolism in neurological patients in the intensive care unit using intermittent pneumatic compression]. / Profilaktika trombozov ven nizhnikh konechnostei i tromboémbolii legochnoi arterii u nevrologicheskikh bol'nykh v usloviiakh reanimatsionnogo otdeleniia s ispol'zovaniem preryvistoi pnevmokompressii.

AIM: To assess the efficacy of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in neurological patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 101 patients with acute disorders of cerebral circulation: 52 patients underwent IPC for prevention of DVT of the lower extremities, 49 patients received only basic treatment. Clinical examination, venous duplex scan of the lower extremities and telethermography were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: IPC significantly reduces the risk of DVT of the lower extremities and PE mortality in the first 20 days in patients with stroke and motor deficit. Ultrasound and thermography can effectively assess the dynamics of treatment.

[A case report of central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis in the combination with spinal cord damage in a patient with tuberculosis in the lung]. / Sluchai tsentral'nogo pontinnogo i ekstrapontinnogo mielinoliza v sochetanii s porazheniem spinnogo mozga u bol'nogo tuberkulezom legkikh.

A case report of central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis in the combination with spinal cord damage is presented. The authors analyze literature data on this problem and discuss the pathogenesis and diagnostic issues of myelinolysis.

[Active thermolocation probing as a promising rapid diagnostic test of carotid atherosclerosis]. / Aktivnoe termolokatsionnoe zondirovanie - perspektivnyi metod ekspress-diagnostiki ateroskleroza sonnykh arterii.

AIM: To study the possibility of active thermolocation probing for the diagnosis of stenotic lesions of carotid arteries (CA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteenpatients without symptoms of cardiovascular diseases were examined using ultrasound. The patients had isoechogenic stable atherosclerotic plaques (AP). Ultrasound markers of AP instability were found in other patients. All patients underwent telethermography of face, neck and extremities, ultrasound duplex scanning of CA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It has been demonstrated that complex thermography is sensitive to carotid atherosclerosis with ultrasound signs of unstable AP in CA. Further studies will allow to determine the specificity and sensitivity of these diagnostic methods.

[Clinical and instrumental diagnosis of concomitant venous dysfunction of the brain and extremities].

OBJECTIVE: to compare the frequency, preferential localization, severity of disturbances of venous circulation in the brain and limbs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Authors examined 140 people during 2009-2014: 20 apparently healthy people without clinical manifestations of extra-intracerebral venous insufficiency; 70 patients with clinical and instrumental signs of venous encephalopathy; 50 patients with varicose disease. History and clinical status were studied for all patients. In addition to physical methods, dynamic teletermography and triplex study of head, neck and extremity vessels were used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: -A higher, than previously estimated, frequency of concomitant venous dysfunction of the brain and other locations was identified. It has been shown that venous insufficiency is a systemic pathology that affects venous circulation of the brain and extremities.

[Transcranial dopplerography in the combination with echopulsography in the assessment of intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with intracranial hemorrhages].

OBJECTIVE: To study the possibilities of common ultrasound diagnostic methods in the evaluation of intracranial pressure (ICP) and central perfusion pressure (CPP) and to search for the ways of increasing the accuracy of these methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-eight patients, aged 28-66 years admitted to a neuroreanimation department of a hospital due to acute intracranial vascular and traumatic hemorrhages were examined. An instrumental study included transcranial dopplerography (TCDG) and digital echoencephalography. Accuracy of measurement was evaluated for ICP and CPP in clinical conditions. RESULTS: The data obtained confirm the possibility of quantitative assessment of ICP and CPP using TCDG. We suggest a new formula for more precise calculation of CPP. CONCLUSION: The complex use of noninvasive ultrasound methods allow in most cases to measure with acceptable accuracy and assess the degree of intensity of ICP and CPP changes at the acute stage of intracranial hemorrhages.